Compositions and methods for diagnosing and treating conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the treatment and diagnosis of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. The invention encompasses protective nucleic acids which, when introduced into a cell predisposed to undergo cell death or in the process of undergoing cell death, prevent, delay, or rescue the cell from death relative to a corresponding cell into which no exogenous nucleic acids have been introduced. The invention encompasses nucleic acids of the protective sequence, host cell expression systems of the protective sequence, and hosts that have been transformed by these expression systems, including transgenic animals. The invention also encompasses novel protective sequence products, including proteins, polypeptides and peptides containing amino acid sequences of the proteins, fusion proteins of proteins, polypeptides and peptides, and antibodies directed against such gene products. The invention further relates to target sequences, including upstream and downstream regulatory sequences or complete gene sequences, antibodies, antisense molecules or sequences, ribozyme molecules, and other inhibitors or modulators directed against such protective sequences, protective sequence products, genes, gene products, and/or their regulatory elements involved in cell death. The present invention also relates to methods and compositions for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases, involving cell death, including, but not limited to, treatment of the types of conditions, disorders, or diseases, which can be prevented, delayed or rescued from cell death and include, but are not limited to, those associated with the central nervous system, including neurological and psychiatric conditions, disorders, or diseases, and those of the peripheral nervous system. Further, the invention relates to methods of using the protective sequence, protective sequence products, and/or their regulatory elements for the identification of compounds that modulate the expression of the protective sequence and/or the activity of the protective sequence product. Such compounds can be useful as therapeutic agents in the treatment of various conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death.

1 INTRODUCTION

[0001] The present invention relates to compositions and methods for the treatment and diagnosis of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death, including, but not limited to, neurological disorders such as stroke. Nucleic acids are described herein which, when introduced into a cell either predisposed to undergo cell death or in the process of undergoing cell death, prevent, delay, or rescue the cell from death relative to a corresponding cell into which no exogenous nucleic acids have been introduced Such nucleic acids are referred to as “protective sequences”. Protective sequences or their products are identified by their ability to prevent, delay, or rescue a cell, cells, tissues, organs, or organisms from dying. Protective sequences or their products are also identified via their ability to interact with other genes or gene products involved in conditions or disorders involving cell death.

[0002] The invention further includes recombinant DNA molecules and cloning vectors comprising protective sequences, and host cells and host organisms engineered to contain such DNA molecules and cloning vectors. The present invention further relates to protective sequence products and to antibodies directed against such protective sequence products.

[0003] The protective sequences identified, their products, or antibodies may be used diagnostically, prophylactically, therapeutically or as targets for therapeutic intervention. In this regard, the present invention provides methods for the identification and prophylactic or therapeutic use of compounds in the treatment and diagnosis of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. Additionally, methods are provided for the diagnostic monitoring of patients undergoing clinical evaluation for the treatment of conditions or disorders involving cell death, for monitoring the efficacy of compounds in clinical trials and for identifying subjects who may be predisposed to such conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death.

2 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0004] 2.1 Mechanisms which Lead to Cell Death

[0005] It is widely recognized that at least two distinct cell death mechanisms exist for mammalian cells. These two mechanisms are necrosis and apoptosis, and are significant components of numerous conditions, disorders and disease states.

[0006] Necrosis plays an important physiologic role in signaling the presence of certain conditions. When cells die as a result of necrosis, the dying cells release substances that activate the body's immune response in a local, and in some cases widespread, reaction to the necrosis-inducing condition. This response is important in, for example, bacterial infection.

[0007] Experimental evidence in a wide variety of cells throughout the body has revealed that every cell can initiate a program of self-destruction, called apoptosis. This program can be initiated by a wide variety of natural and unnatural events. There are at least four distinct pathways for executing this program of cell death, and it is virtually certain that dozens, if not hundreds, of different intracellular biochemical cascades interact with each pathway. It is equally likely that certain cell types, such as cells in the heart or neurons, will utilize specialized signaling pathways that are not generally represented elsewhere in the body. However, since cell death is neither always necessary nor desired, it would be desirable to manipulate the manner in which cells start their death process. In some circumstances, preventing, delaying, or rescuing cells from death would either alleviate the disease or allow more time for definitive treatment to be administered to the patient. An example of this situation is brain cell death caused by ischemic stroke: preventing, delaying, or rescuing cells from death until the blood supply to the brain could be restored would greatly reduce, if not eliminate, the possibility of a person's death and/or long-term disability from stroke (Lee J M, et al. Nature 1999, 399(supp): A7-A14; Tarkowski E, et al. Stroke 1999, 30(2): 321-7; Pulera M R, et al. Stroke 1998, 29(12): 2622-30). In still other circumstances, the failure of cells to die may itself lead to disease such as cancer (Hetts S W. JAMA 1998, 297(4): 300-7).

[0008] Cell death plays an important role in the normal function of mammalian organisms. While it may seem counterintuitive for cells to have death as a normal part of their life cycle, controlled and physiologically appropriate cell death is important in regulating both the absolute and relative numbers of cells of a specific type. (Hetts S W. JAMA 1998, 297(4): 300-7; Garcia I, et al. Science 1992, 258(5080): 302-4). When the mechanism of apoptosis does not function properly and normal cell death does not occur, the resulting disease is characterized by unregulated cellular proliferation, as occurs in a neoplastic disease or an autoimmune disease (Hetts S W. JAMA 1998, 297(4): 300-7; Yachida M, et al. Clin Exp Immunol 1999, 116(1): 140-5).

[0009] One method for regulating cell death involves manipulating the threshold at which the process of cell death begins. This threshold varies significantly by cell type, tissue type, the type of injury or insult suffered by the cell, cellular maturity, and the physiologic conditions in the cell's environment (Steller H., Science 1995, 267(5203): 1445-9). Although it is probable that certain cellular injuries or insults irrevocably induce death, lesser injuries or insults may begin the dying process without inducing irreversible cell death. What constitutes a lesser injury or insult may vary tremendously with changes in the factors influencing that cell's death threshold. The ability to alter a cell's threshold for responding to an injury or insult, that is, to either promote or discourage cell death, would be a desirable goal for the treatment of conditions involving cell death. The ability to better control cell death, by either discouraging or promoting the mechanisms of cell death, would be an important invention for ameliorating disease (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,925,640; 5,786,173; 5,858,715; 5,856,171).

[0010] Recent evidence suggests that the mechanisms of cellular death may be more complex than the two discrete pathways of apoptosis and necrosis. Examples of this evidence may be found in the central nervous system (CNS). In the complex CNS cellular environment, both necrosis and apoptosis are observed with commonly studied conditions, disorders, or diseases such as focal ischemia, global ischemia, toxic insults, prolonged seizures, excitotoxicity, and traumatic brain injury. In some reports, both apoptosis and necrosis have been described (Choi W S, et al. J Neurosci Res 1999, 57(1): 86-94; Li Y, et al. J Neurol Sci 1998, 156(2): 119-32; Lee J- M, et al. Nature 1999, 399(supp): A8-A14; Baumgartner W A, et al. Ann Thorac Surg 1999, 67(6): 1871-3; Fujikawa D G, et al. Eur J Neurosci 1999, 11(5): 1605-14; Gwag B J, et al Neuroscience 1999, 90(4): 1339-48; Mitchell I J, et al. 1998, 84(2): 489-501; Nakashima K, et al. J Neurotrauma 1999, 16(2): 143-51; Ginsburg, M D Cerebrovascular Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management 1998 Ch 42; Rink A D, et al. Soc Neurosci Abstr 1994, 20:250(Abstract)). Similar observations also occurred with brain tumor cells. (Maurer B J, et al. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999, 91(13): 1138-46) Other investigators found that neurons die by either apoptosis or necrosis under different environmental conditions (Taylor D L, et al. Brain Pathol 1999, 9(1): 93-117). There also are reports of a unique type of neuronal cell death following stroke. This new type of cell death has features common to both necrosis and apoptosis (Fukuda T, et al. Neurosci Res 1999, 33(1): 49-55). Other investigators believe that neuronal cell death is best represented by a continuum between apoptosis and necrosis, possibly mediated by calcium levels (Lee J- M, et al.1999, 399(supp): A7-A14), or a combination of direct ischemic damage followed by indirect damage from excitotoxicity and loss of interneuronal connections (Martin L J, et al. Brian Res Bull 1998, 46(4): 281-309). Further complicating the picture of neuronal cell death is the observation that the death of one or more neurons in one region of the brain can induce the death of neurons in other brain regions. This phenomenon has been observed with stroke as described above (Martin L J, et al. Brain Res Bull 1998, 46(4): 281-309) as well as neuronal cell death induced by the withdrawal of growth factors (Ryu B R, et al. J Neurobiol 1999, 39(4): 536-46). Given the complex nature of actions and interactions among the many physiologic and molecular forces in brain tissue, and the different abilities of many substances acting either alone or in combination to induce cellular injury or death, it is difficult to determine with any degree of certainty if a nerve cell death process is due to apoptosis or necrosis (Graham D I, Greenfield's Neuropathology Ch 3 1997).

[0011] Despite the challenges in classifying the mechanism of cellular death, there is broad agreement that most, if not all, cells share common features in their death mechanisms (see, e.g., Lee J. M., et al., Nature 1999, 399 (supp): A7-A14).

[0012] 2.2 Selected Factors and Conditions which Inhibit Cell Death Mechanisms

[0013] Several factors have been reported to inhibit the cell death pathway. One of the best-known factors is the gene product bcl-2 (Adams J M, et al. Science 1998, 281(5381): 1322-6; Vaux D L, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1993, 90(3): 786-9; U.S. Pat. No. 5,856,171 and references cited therein). Expression of bcl-2 is believed to regulate apoptotic death in neurons, kidney, heart, liver, blood and skin cells under experimental conditions. In addition to regulating death by apoptosis, bcl-2 is believed to regulate death caused by non-apoptotic mechanisms. Factors related to bcl-2 have been shown to be over-expressed in cancer and autoimmune conditions, disorders, or diseases (U.S. Pat. No. 5,856,171 and references cited therein). Other related factors acting on the same pathway as bcl-2 also delay or prevent cell death.

[0014] In the brain, several factors have been shown to influence the cell death pathway. In excitotoxic injury to neurons, it was shown that lithium or bcl-2 each individually protected neurons against cell death (Nonaka S, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1998, 95(5): 2642-7; Behl C, et al. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993, 197(2): 949-56). During ischemic injury to neurons, it was shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) and bcl-2 individually offered protection against neuronal death (Guegan C, et al. Neurobiol Dis 1999, 6(3): 180-9; Linnik M D, et al. Stroke 1995, 26(9): 1670-4).

[0015] Factors acting to prevent cell death do not act solely in the brain. In the heart, increased tolerance to non-lethal ischemic injury was associated with an increased expression of the bcl-2 gene, suggesting that bcl-2 was involved in protecting the cardiac muscle cells against ischemic injury (Maulik N, et al. Ann NY Acad Sci 1999, 874:401-11). This same study demonstrated that lower levels of bcl-2 expression were associated with higher rates of cardiac cell death. A similar result was found for mechanical injury to heart papillary muscle cells.

[0016] Recently, it has been demonstrated that bcl-2 prevented cell death in a brain ischemia model (Guegan C, et al. Neurobiol Dis 1999, 6(3): 180-9; Linnik M D, et al. Stroke 1995, 26(9): 1670-4). It was shown that the activity of bcl-2 to prevent neuronal death was consistently demonstrated across several different physiologic insults. It also has been demonstrated that the distinction between apoptotic death and necrotic death is open to question, so the possibility exists that bcl-2 can prevent or delay the necrotic cell death pathway, the apoptotic cell death pathway or perhaps an as yet undemonstrated cell death pathway.

[0017] Preventing cell death is an important medical goal. Several types of mammalian cells, most notably neurons and cardiac muscle cells, have limited if any capacity to regenerate. Preventing the death of these cells from conditions such as heart attack, stroke, shock, infection, cancer, Alzheimer's disease or traumatic injury, to name a few, would be an important medical advance as the heart and brain cannot grow sufficient cells to replace those cells lost to disease or infection.

[0018] In addition to preventing cell death, delaying and/or rescuing cells from programmed cell death is also an important medical goal. In many pathological conditions where there is an expectation that the disease will be successfully treated, such as many types of infection, hypoxia, ischemia or metabolic disturbances, delaying cell death would allow the pathological condition to be treated without permanent damage to the cells. In other words, the cells may be put into a suspended state from which they could successfully be rescued and emerge with their normal function intact.

3 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0019] The present invention relates to the discovery, identification and characterization of protective sequences and to compositions and methods for the treatment and diagnosis of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. Protective sequences refer to nucleic acid molecules comprising nucleic acid sequences which, when introduced into a cell either predisposed to undergo cell death or in the process of undergoing cell death, prevent, delay, or rescue the cell from death relative to a corresponding cell into which no exogenous nucleic acids have been introduced. For example, protective sequences may act to prevent, delay, ameliorate, inhibit, reduce, or rescue neuronal cell death (e.g. apoptosis, necrosis and related cellular events). The invention further relates to the discovery, identification and characterization of gene products encoded by such nucleic acid molecules, or by degenerate, e.g., allelic or homologous, variants thereof. Protective sequences also can be regulatory nucleic acids. Protective sequences further can be both coding sequences and regulatory sequences.

[0020] The invention further relates to target sequences. Target sequences include, but are not limited to, upstream and downstream regulatory sequences, upstream and downstream complete or partial gene or gene product sequences, antibodies, antisense molecules or sequences, ribozyme molecules, and other inhibitors or modulators directed against such protective sequences and protective sequence products.

[0021] Protective sequences and protective sequence products can be utilized prophylactically and/or therapeutically to prevent, delay ameliorate, inhibit, reduce, or rescue conditions of cell death or symptoms of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. The modulation of the expression of protective sequences, e.g., endogenous protective sequences, and/or the activity of the protective sequence products, e.g., endogenous protective sequence products, can also be utilized prophylactically or therapeutically to prevent, delay, ameliorate, inhibit, reduce, or rescue conditions of cell death or symptoms of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. Further, protective sequences and protective sequence products can be used to diagnose individuals exhibiting or predisposed to such conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death.

[0022] The compositions of the present invention include, in particular, nucleic acid molecules which comprise the following sequences: (a) nucleic acids of protective sequences, as well as allelic variants, homologs, mutants and fragments thereof; (b) nucleic acids which encode protective sequence products; (c) nucleic acids which encode protective sequence regulatory elements; (d) nucleic acids which encode fusion proteins comprising protective sequence products or one or more protective sequence product domains fused to a heterologous polypeptide; (e) nucleic acids which encode fusion proteins comprising protective sequence regulatory elements fused to a heterologous polypeptide; (f) nucleic acids which hybridize to the above described sequences under highly stringent or moderately stringent conditions, including, but not limited to, human homologs; and (g) complementary (e.g., antisense) nucleic acids of the sequences described in (a) through (f), above. The nucleic acid molecules of the invention include, but are not limited to, cDNA, genomic DNA and RNA sequences.

[0023] The present invention also encompasses expression gene products of the protective sequences listed above; i.e., proteins and/or polypeptides that are encoded by the above protective sequences.

[0024] Mimics, agonists and antagonists of the protective sequences, protective sequence products, genes, gene products, or their regulatory elements are also included in the present invention. Such mimics, agonists and antagonists will include, for example, small molecules, large molecules (e.g., protective sequence product fragments or protective sequence product ligands) and antibodies directed against a protective sequence product. Mimics, agonists and antagonists of the invention also include nucleic acids, such as antisense and ribozyme molecules, and gene or regulatory sequence replacement constructs, which can be used to modulate, inhibit or enhance expression of a protective sequence.

[0025] The present invention further encompasses cloning and expression vectors, which may include, but are not limited to, bacterial, fungal, insect, plant, and mammalian vectors, which contain the protective nucleic acid sequences of the invention, which can be used as probes or to express those protective nucleic acid sequences, protective sequence products, genes and/or gene products in host cells or organisms. The present invention also relates to cells that have been transformed, transfected, or infected with such vectors, and to cells engineered to contain or express the protective nucleic acid sequences, protective sequence products, genes, gene products, and/or regulatory elements of the invention. Further, non-human host organisms which have been transformed, transfected, or infected with these protective nucleic acid sequences, or their regulatory elements, are also encompassed in the present invention. Host organisms of the invention include organisms transformed, transfected, or infected with the cloning vectors described above, including, but not limited to, non-human transgenic animals, and particularly transgenic non-human mammals which have been engineered to express a protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, or regulatory element of the invention, or “knock-outs” which have been engineered to not express the protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, or regulatory element of the invention.

[0026] The transgenic animals of the invention include animals which express a mutant variant or polymorphism of a protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, or regulatory element, particularly a mutant variant or polymorphism of a protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, or regulatory element which is associated with a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death. The transgenic animals of the invention further include those that express a protective sequence transgene at higher or lower levels than normal. The transgenic animals of the invention further include those which express the protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, or regulatory element in all their cells, “mosaic” animals which express the protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, or regulatory element in only some of their cells, and those in which the protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, or regulatory element is selectively introduced into and expressed in a specific cell type(s). The transgenic animals of the invention also include “knock-out” animals. Knock-out animals comprise animals that have been engineered to no longer express the protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, or regulatory element.

[0027] The present invention also relates to methods and compositions for the diagnosis of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death, as well as for the identification of subjects susceptible to such conditions, disorders, or diseases. Such methods comprise, for example, measuring expression of the protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, or regulatory element in a patient sample, or detecting a mutation in the protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, or regulatory element in the genome of a mammal, including a human, suspected of exhibiting such a condition, disorder, or disease. The protective nucleic acid molecules of the invention can be used also as diagnostic hybridization probes, or as primers for diagnostic PCR analysis to identify protective sequences, protective sequence products, genes, gene products, or regulatory element mutations, allelic variations or regulatory defects, such as defects in the expression of the protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, or regulatory element. Such diagnostic PCR analyses can be used to diagnose individuals with a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death associated with a particular protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, or regulatory element mutation, allelic variation or regulatory defect. Such diagnostic PCR analyses can be used also to identify individuals susceptible to such conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death.

[0028] Methods and compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, for the treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death also are included in the invention. Such methods and compositions can increase, decrease or otherwise modulate the level of protective sequences, protective sequence products, genes, gene products, or their regulatory elements in a patient in need of such treatment. Such methods and compositions can also modulate the level of protective sequence expression (e.g., endogenous protective sequence expression) and/or the level of activity of a protective sequence product, (e.g., endogenous protective sequence product). Further, since the protective sequence or protective sequence product need not normally be involved in such conditions, disorders, or diseases, such methods include, for example, modulating the expression of the protective sequence and/or the activity of the protective sequence product for the treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death which are normally mediated by some other gene.

[0029] In one embodiment, such methods and compositions are utilized for the treatment of the types of conditions, disorders, or diseases, which can be prevented, delayed or rescued from cell death and include, but are not limited to, those associated with the central nervous system including neurological and psychiatric conditions, disorders, or diseases; those of the peripheral nervous system; conditions, disorders, or diseases caused by physical injury; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the blood vessels or heart; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the respiratory system; neoplastic conditions, disorders, or diseases; conditions, disorders, or diseases of blood cells; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the gastrointestinal tract; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the liver; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the pancreas; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the kidney; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the ureters, urethra or bladder; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the male genital system; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the female genital tract; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the breast; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the endocrine system; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the thymus or pineal gland; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the skin or mucosa; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the musculoskeletal system; conditions, disorders, or diseases causing a fluid or hemodynamic derangement; inherited conditions, disorders, or diseases; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the immune system or spleen; conditions, disorders, or diseases caused by a nutritional disease; and conditions, disorders, or diseases typically occurring in infancy or childhood, as described in Section 5.4.1.1. below.

[0030] In yet another embodiment, the methods and compositions of the invention are utilized for the prevention, or delay, of cell death in the event of one or more infections which may be caused by bacteria; viruses; members of the family rickettsiae or chlamydia; fungi, yeast, hyphae or pseudohyphae; prions; protozoans; or metazoans.

[0031] In a further embodiment, the compounds and methods of the invention can be used to treat infections or conditions, disorders, or diseases which cause cell death in organ systems including, but not limited to, blood vessels, heart, red blood cells, white blood cells, lymph nodes, spleen, respiratory system, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, liver and biliary tract, pancreas, kidney, lower urinary tract, upper urinary tract and bladder, male sexual organs and genitalia, female sexual organs and genitalia, breast, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, parathyroid gland, skin, musculoskeletal system, bone marrow or bones.

[0032] In another embodiment, the compounds and methods of the invention can be used to treat further physiological impacts on organs caused by the infections which induce cell death including, but not limited to, fever equal to or greater than 101.5 degrees Fahrenheit, a decrease or increase in pulse rate by more than 20 beats per minute, a decrease or increase in supine systolic blood pressure by more than 30 millimeters of mercury, an increase or decrease in respiratory rate by more than 8 breaths per minute, an increase or decrease in blood pH by more than 0.10 pH units, an increase or decrease in one or more serum electrolytes outside of the clinical laboratory's usual reference range, an increase or decrease in the partial pressure of arterial oxygen or carbon dioxide outside of the clinical laboratory's usual reference range, an increase or decrease in white or red blood cells outside of the laboratory's usual reference range, an acute confusional state such as delirium where delirium is defined by the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-IV Manual or a diminished level of consciousness or attention.

[0033] In another embodiment, the compounds and methods of the invention can be used to promote cell death. These compounds could be useful for treating and/or ameliorating conditions caused by, for example, cancer and autoimmune diseases, both of which are manifested by an uncontrolled growth of cells.

[0034] The invention still further relates to methods for identifying compounds which modulate the expression of a protective sequence and/or the synthesis or activity of a protective sequence product. Such compounds include therapeutic compounds which can be used as pharmaceutical compositions to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. Cellular and non-cellular assays are described which can be used to identify compounds which interact with a protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, and/or regulatory element, e.g., modulate the activity of a protective sequence and/or bind to a protective sequence product. Such cell-based assays of the invention utilize cells, cell lines, or engineered cells or cell lines that express the protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, and/or regulatory element.

[0035] In one embodiment, such methods comprise contacting a compound to a cell which expresses a protective sequence, protective sequence product, gene, gene product, and/or regulatory element, measuring the level of protective sequence expression, gene product expression or gene product activity, and comparing this level to the level of protective sequence expression, gene product expression or gene product activity produced by the cell in the absence of the compound, such that if the level obtained in the presence of the compound differs from that obtained in its absence, a compound which modulates the expression of the protective sequence and/or the synthesis or activity of protective sequence products has been identified.

[0036] In an alternative embodiment, such methods comprise administering a compound to a host, e.g., a transgenic animal which expresses a protective sequence transgene or a mutant protective sequence transgene, and measuring the level of protective sequence expression, gene product expression or gene product activity. The measured level is compared to the level of protective sequence expression, gene product expression or gene product activity in a host which is not exposed to the compound, such that if the level obtained when the host is exposed to the compound differs from that obtained when the host is not exposed to the compound, a compound which modulates the expression of the protective sequence and/or the synthesis or activity of protective sequence products, and/or the symptoms of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death, has been identified.

[0037] 3.1 Definitions

[0038] “Protective sequence”, as used herein, refers to nucleic acid molecules comprising nucleic acid sequences which, when introduced into a cell predisposed to either undergo cell death or in the process of undergoing cell death, prevent, delay, or rescue the cell from death relative to a corresponding cell into which no exogenous protective nucleic acids have been introduced. In one embodiment, a protective sequence encodes a protective sequence product. In another embodiment, protective sequences are any transcriptional products of the sequences disclosed herein. In another embodiment, protective sequences comprise regulatory elements of the sequences disclosed herein which modulate the expression of a nucleic acid within a cell. For example, protective sequences, their products, or their regulatory elements may act to prevent, delay, or rescue a cell, cells, tissues, organs, or organisms from dying. Compounds which modulate protective sequence expression or activity of the protective sequence product can be used in the treatment of conditions, disorders or diseases associated with cell death processes. It is to be understood that the protective sequences described above can act to ameliorate or delay symptoms related to cell death. Although the protective sequences may be involved directly in such cell death related conditions or disorders, in certain cases, the protective sequences will not normally be involved in such conditions or disorders, but will be effective for the treatment and/or prevention of such disorders. In these cases, modulation of the expression of the protective sequence and/or the activity of the protective sequence product will be useful for the treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death which are normally mediated by some other gene.

[0039] “Cell death”, as used herein, refers to any mechanism and/or pathway whereby a cell undergoes a series of events which ultimately would lead to the death of the cell. For example, cell death may be caused by various processes including, but not limited to, apoptosis or programmed cell death, necrosis, or an as yet unidentified cell death pathway. Cell death may be induced in individual cells as a consequence of numerous internal and external stimuli including, but not limited to, genetic predisposition, toxic chemicals or processes, heat, cold, rapid environmental changes, radiation, viruses, prions, bacteria, disruption of nutrient balance, or exposure to bi-products and signaling from other cells undergoing cell death. The protective sequences disclosed herein, when introduced into a cell (e.g. a neuronal cell) which has undergone an event that would ultimately lead to cell death (e.g. ischemia), are capable of rescuing the cell from cell death. Moreover, when a protective sequence, in combination with a reporter gene (e.g. green fluorescent protein), is introduced into a cell which has undergone an event that would ultimately lead to cell death, expression of the reporter gene is an indication that the protective sequence is capable of rescuing the cell from cell death.

4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0040] FIGS. 1(A-J). Protective nucleic acids. See Table 1 for the identity, the sequence identifier number, the length in base pairs and the Accession Number for each of the sequences shown in these figures.

[0041]FIG. 2. Restriction map and diagram of plasmid pCMV•SPORT2. This plasmid was used as the cloning vector for the protective sequences. Each clone was ligated into the SalI-NotI restriction sites of the plasmid.

[0042] FIGS. 3(A-N). Protected Cortical Neurons Visualized by Detection of EGFP Expressing Cells. FIGS. 3A and 3B represent non-stroked, positive control samples. FIG. 3C represents a positive control, stroked sample using Bcl-2. FIG. 3D represents a stroked, negative control sample. FIG. 3E represents a stroked sample protected by CNI-00711. FIG. 3F represents a stroked sample protected by CNI-00712. FIG. 3G represents a stroked sample protected by CNI-00714. FIG. 3H represents a stroked sample protected by CNI-00715. FIG. 3I represents a stroked sample protected by CNI-00716. FIG. 3J represents a stroked sample protected by CNI-00717. FIG. 3K represents a stroked sample protected by CNI-00720. FIG. 3L represents a stroked sample protected by CNI-00721. FIG. 3M represents a stroked sample protected by CNI-00723. FIG. 3N represents a stroked sample protected by CNI-00724.

[0043] FIGS. 4(A-L). Open Reading Frames for CNI-00711. This Figure depicts the twelve (12) potential ORFs for CNI-00711. Also shown are the nucleotide sequences which encode the ORFs.

[0044] FIGS. 5(A-X). Open Reading Frames for CNI-00712. This Figure depicts the 24 potential ORFs for CNI-00712. Also shown are the nucleotide sequences which encode the ORFs.

[0045] FIGS. 6(A-AD). Open Reading Frames for CNI-00714. This Figure depicts the 30 potential ORFs for CNI-00714. Also shown are the nucleotide sequences which encode the ORFs.

[0046] FIGS. 7(A-H). Open Reading Frames for CNI-00715. This Figure depicts the eight (8) potential ORFs for CNI-00715. Also shown are the nucleotide sequences which encode the ORFs.

[0047] FIGS. 8(A-O). Open Reading Frames for CNI-00716. This Figure depicts the fifteen (15) potential ORFs for CNI-00716. Also shown are the nucleotide sequences which encode the ORFs.

[0048] FIGS. 9(A-AL). Open Reading Frames for CNI-00717. This Figure depicts the 38 potential ORFs for CNI-00717. Also shown are the nucleotide sequences which encode the ORFs.

[0049] FIGS. 10(A-O). Open Reading Frames for CNI-00720. This Figure depicts the fifteen (15) potential ORFs for CNI-00720. Also shown are the nucleotide sequences which encode the ORFs.

[0050] FIGS. 11(A-AG). Open Reading Frames for CNI-00721. This Figure depicts the 33 potential ORFs for CNI-00721. Also shown are the nucleotide sequences which encode the ORFs.

[0051] FIGS. 12(A-AY). Open Reading Frames for CNI-00723. This Figure depicts the 51 potential ORFs for CNI-00723. Also shown are the nucleotide sequences which encode the ORFs.

[0052]FIG. 13. Open Reading Frame for CNI-00724. This Figure depicts the single potential ORF for CNI-00724. Also shown is the nucleotide sequence which encodes the ORF.

5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0053] Protective sequences of the invention are described herein. Also described are recombinant, cloned and degenerate variants, homologs, orthologs, mutants and fragments thereof. The compositions of the invention further include protective sequence products (e.g. proteins or RNA) which are encoded or produced by the nucleic acid molecules of the invention, and the modulation of protective sequence expression and/or gene product activity in the treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. Further, antibodies directed against the protective sequence products, or conserved variants or fragments thereof, and viral-, cell-, plant-, and animal-based models by which the protective sequences may be further characterized and utilized are also discussed in this section.

[0054] 5.1 The Protective Sequences

[0055] The protective sequences of the invention are described in this section. Specifically, these protective sequences have been shown to prevent, delay, or rescue cell death in a cell predisposed for undergoing cell death, whether the pathway that leads to the cell death involves apoptosis, necrosis or an as yet undefined pathway. The protective sequences, their SEQ ID NOS and additional information related to the protective sequences are listed below, in Table 1.

[0056] The protective sequences listed in Table 1 may be obtained using cloning methods well known to those skilled in the art, including but not limited to the use of appropriate probes to detect the protective sequences within an appropriate cDNA or gDNA (genomic DNA) library. (See, for example, Sambrook et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). Probes for the novel sequences reported herein may be obtained directly from CNI-NPP1-CP10, which represents a composite deposit containing the isolated clones, which was deposited with the NRRL as Accession No. B-30231. Alternatively, oligonucleotide probes for the novel protective sequences may be synthesized based on the DNA sequences disclosed herein. TABLE 1 PROTECTIVE SEQUENCES Length (bp) (NotI-SalI Protective sequence SEQ ID NO: Figure No. fragment) CNI-00711 1 1A 852 CNI-00712 26 1B 1096 CNI-00714 75 1C 1825 CNI-00715 136 1D 542 CNI-00716 153 1E 771 CNI-00717 184 1F 1669 CNI-00720 261 1G 1182 CNI-00721 292 1H 1965 CNI-00723 359 1I 2702 CNI-00724 462 1J 979

[0057] The isolated protective nucleic acid molecules of the invention include, in particular, nucleic acid molecules which comprise the following sequences: (a) nucleic acids of protective sequences, as well as allelic variants, homologs, mutants and fragments thereof; (b) nucleic acids which encode protective sequence products and/or their regulatory elements, or fragments thereof; (c) nucleic acids which encode fusion proteins comprising protective sequence products and/or their regulatory elements, or one or more protective sequence product domains and/or their regulatory elements fused to a heterologous polypeptide; (d) nucleic acids which hybridize to the above described sequences under highly stringent or moderately stringent conditions, including, but not limited to human homologs; and (e) complementary (e.g., antisense) nucleic acids of the sequences described in (a) through (d), above. The nucleic acid molecules of the invention include, but are not limited to, cDNA, genomic DNA and RNA sequences.

[0058] The nucleic acids of the invention also include nucleic acids which have at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98% or more nucleic acid identity to the protective nucleic acids of (a)-(d) above. The nucleic acids of the invention further include nucleic acids which encode polypeptides having at least 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 98% or higher amino acid sequence identity to the polypeptides encoded by the protective nucleic acids of (a)-(d).

[0059] To determine the percent identity of two amino acid sequences or of two nucleic acids, the sequences are aligned for optimal comparison purposes (e.g., gaps can be introduced in the sequence of a first amino acid or nucleic acid sequence for optimal alignment with a second amino or nucleic acid sequence). The amino acid residues or nucleotides at corresponding amino acid positions or nucleotide positions are then compared. When a position in the first sequence is occupied by the same amino acid residue or nucleotide as the corresponding position in the second sequence, then the molecules are identical at that position. The percent identity between the two sequences is a function of the number of identical positions shared by the sequences (i.e., % identity=# of identical overlapping positions/total # of positions×100). In one embodiment, the two sequences are the same length.

[0060] The determination of percent identity between two sequences also can be accomplished using a mathematical algorithm. A preferred, non-limiting example of a mathematical algorithm utilized for the comparison of two sequences is the algorithm of Karlin and Altschul (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:2264-2268, modified as in Karlin and Altschul (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5873-5877. Such an algorithm is incorporated into the NBLAST and XBLAST programs of Altschul, et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410. BLAST nucleotide searches can be performed with the NBLAST program, score=100, wordlength=12 to obtain nucleic acids homologous to a nucleic acid molecules of the invention. BLAST protein searches can be performed with the XBLAST program, score=50, wordlength=3 to obtain amino acid sequences homologous to a protein molecules of the invention. To obtain gapped alignments for comparison purposes, Gapped BLAST can be utilized as described in Altschul et al. (1997) Nucleic Acids Res. 25: 3389-3402. Alternatively, PSI-Blast can be used to perform an iterated search that detects distant relationships between molecules (Id.). When utilizing BLAST, Gapped BLAST and PSI-Blast programs, the default parameters of the respective programs (e.g., XBLAST and NBLAST) can be used (see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov). Another preferred, non-limiting example of a mathematical algorithm utilized for the comparison of sequences is the algorithm of Myers and Miller, (1988) CABIOS 4:11-17. Such an algorithm is incorporated into the ALIGN program (version 2.0) which is part of the GCG sequence alignment software package. When utilizing the ALIGN program for comparing amino acid sequences, a PAM120 weight residue table, a gap length penalty of 12 and a gap penalty of 4 can be used.

[0061] The percent identity between two sequences can be determined using techniques similar to those described above, with or without allowing gaps. In calculating percent identity, typically only exact matches are counted.

[0062] The nucleic acids of the invention further include: (a) any nucleic acid which hybridizes to a nucleic acid molecule of the invention under moderately stringent conditions, e.g., hybridization to filter-bound DNA in 6× sodium chloride/sodium citrate (SSC) at about 45° C. followed by one or more washes in 0.2×SSC/0.1% SDS at about 50-65° C., or (b) under highly stringent conditions, e.g., hybridization to filter-bound nucleic acid in 6×SSC at about 45° C. followed by one or more washes in 0.1×SSC/0.2% SDS at about 68° C., or under other hybridization conditions which are apparent to those of skill in the art (see, for example, Ausubel F. M. et al., eds., 1989, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Vol. I, Green Publishing Associates, Inc., and John Wiley & sons, Inc., New York, at pp. 6.3.1-6.3.6 and 2.10.3). Preferably the nucleic acid molecule that hybridizes to the nucleic acid of (a) and (b), above, is one which comprises the complement of a nucleic acid molecule which encodes a protective sequence product. In a preferred embodiment, nucleic acid molecules comprising the nucleic acids of (a) and (b), above, encode protective sequence products.

[0063] Functionally equivalent protective sequence products include naturally occurring protective sequence products present in the same or different species. Functionally equivalent protective sequence products also include gene products which retain at least one of the biological activities of the protective sequence products, and/or which are recognized by and bind to antibodies (polyclonal or monoclonal) directed against the protective sequence products.

[0064] Among the nucleic acid molecules of the invention are deoxyoligonucleotides (“oligos”) which hybridize under highly stringent or moderately stringent conditions to the nucleic acid molecules described above. In general, for probes between 14 and 70 nucleotides in length the melting temperature (TM) is calculated using the formula: Tm (° C.)=81.5+16.6(log[monovalent cations (molar)])+0.41 (% G+C)−(500/N) where N is the length of the probe. If the hybridization is carried out in a solution containing formamide, the melting temperature is calculated using the equation Tm (° C.)=81.5+16.6(log[monovalent cations (molar)])+0.41(% G+C)−(0.61% formamide)−(500/N) where N is the length of the probe. In general, hybridization is carried out at about 20-25 degrees below Tm (for DNA-DNA hybrids) or 10-15 degrees below Tm (for RNA-DNA hybrids).

[0065] Exemplary highly stringent conditions may refer, e.g., to washing in 6×SSC/0.05% sodium pyrophosphate at 37° C. (for about 14-base oligos), 48° C. (for about 17-base oligos), 55° C. (for about 20-base oligos) and 60° C. (for about 23-base oligos).

[0066] Fragments of the nucleic acid molecules can be at least 10 nucleotides in length. Fragments of the nucleic acid molecules can refer also to exons or introns, and, further, can refer to portions of coding regions that encode domains of protective sequence products.

[0067] The invention also encompasses (a) DNA vectors which contain any of the foregoing coding sequences and/or their complements (i.e., antisense); (b) DNA expression vectors which contain any of the foregoing coding sequences operatively associated with a regulatory element which directs the expression of the coding sequences; and (c) genetically engineered host cells which contain such vectors or have been engineered to contain and/or express a nucleic acid sequence of the invention, e.g., any of the foregoing coding sequences operatively associated with a regulatory element which directs the expression of the coding sequences in the host cell. As used herein, regulatory elements include but are not limited to inducible and non-inducible promoters, enhancers, operators and other elements known to those skilled in the art which drive and regulate expression. The invention further includes fragments of any of the DNA sequences disclosed herein.

[0068] The nucleic acid molecules may encode or act as antisense molecules, useful, for example, in protective sequence regulation, and/or as hybridization probes and/or as primers in amplification reactions of protective nucleic acid sequences. Further, such sequences may be used as part of ribozyme and/or triple helix sequences, also useful for protective sequence regulation. Still further, such molecules may be used as components of diagnostic methods whereby, for example, the presence of a particular allele involved in a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death may be detected.

[0069] The protective nucleic acids of the invention can be readily obtained, for example, by standard sequencing and the sequences provided herein.

[0070] As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, DNA sequence polymorphisms of a protective sequence will exist within a population of individual organisms (e.g., within a human population). Such polymorphisms may exist, for example, among individuals within a population due to natural allelic variation. Such polymorphisms include ones that lead to changes in amino acid sequence. An allele is one of a group of alternative forms of a gene that occur at a given genetic locus.

[0071] As used herein, the phrase “allelic variant” refers to a nucleic acid that occurs at a given locus or to a gene product encoded by that nucleic acid. Such natural allelic variations can typically result in 1-5% variance in the nucleic acid of a given gene. Sequencing the gene of interest in a number of different individuals can identify alternative alleles. Using hybridization probes to identify the same genetic locus in a variety of individuals can readily carry this out.

[0072] As used herein, the terms “gene” and “recombinant gene” refer to nucleic acid molecules comprising any of up to six open reading frames which may or may not encode a polypeptide of the invention. For example, the terms “gene” and “recombinant gene” refer to nucleic acid molecules encoding any of the open reading frames shown in FIGS. 4-13, and described in Tables 2-11, respectively. The term can further include nucleic acid molecules comprising upstream and/or exon/intron sequences and structures. TABLE 2 OPEN READING FRAMES FOR CNI-00711 OPEN READING FRAME SEQUENCE ID. NUMBER LENGTH LOCATION NO. 1 30 Nucleotide 48-77 of 2 9 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 1 3 2 60 Nucleotide 78-137 of 4 19 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 1 5 3 12 Nucleotide 131-142 of 6 3 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No.1 7 4 33 Nucleotide 342-374 of 8 10 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 1 9 5 15 Nucleotide 436-450 of 10 4 Amino Acids eq. Id. No. 1 11 6 42 Nucleotide 447-488 of 12 13 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 1 13 7 42 Nucleotide 647-688 of 14 13 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 1 15 8 63 Nucleotide 688-750 of 16 20 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 1 17 9 45 Nucleotide 706-750 of 18 14 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 1 19 10 33 Nucleotide 718-750 of 20 10 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 1 21 11 24 Nucleotide 727-750 of 22 7 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 1 23 12 106 Nucleotide 747-842 of 24 35 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 1 25

[0073] TABLE 3 OPEN READING FRAMES FOR CNI-00712 OPEN READING FRAME SEQUENCE NUMBER LENGTH LOCATION ID. NO. 1 54 Nucleotide 20-73 of 27 17 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 26 28 2 57 Nucleotide 86-142 of 29 18 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 26 30 3 12 Nucleotide 228-239 of 31 3 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 32 4 93 Nucleotide 249-341 of 33 30 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 34 5 30 Nucleotide 304-333 of 35 9 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 36 6 309 Nucleotide 338-646 of 37 102 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 38 7 93 Nucleotide 360-452 of 39 30 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 40 8 261 Nucleotide 386-646 of 41 86 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 42 9 57 Nucleotide 396-452 of 43 18 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 44 10 195 Nucleotide 452-646 of 45 64 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 46 11 480 Nucleotide 456-935 of 47 159 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 26 48 12 141 Nucleotide 506-646 of 49 46 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 50 13 420 Nucleotide 516-935 of 51 139 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 52 14 399 Nucleotide 537-935 of 53 132 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 54 15 81 Nucleotide 566-646 of 55 26 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 56 16 348 Nucleotide 588-935 of 57 115 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 58 17 27 Nucleotide 620-646 of 59 8 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 60 18 303 Nucleotide 633-935 of 61 100 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 62 19 84 Nucleotide 796-879 of 63 27 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 64 20 36 Nucleotide 900-935 of 65 11 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 66 21 24 Nucleotide 991-1014 of 67 7 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 68 22 18 Nucleotide 997-1014 of 69 5 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 70 23 33 Nucleotide 1007-1039 of 71 10 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 72 24 15 Nucleotide 1041-1055 of 73 4 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 26 74

[0074] TABLE 4 OPEN READING FRAMES FOR CNI-00714 OPEN READING FRAME SEQUENCE NUMBER LENGTH LOCATION ID. NO. 1 1239 Nucleotide 29-1267 of 76 412 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 75 77 2 105 Nucleotide 126-230 of 78 34 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 75 79 3 1092 Nucleotide 76-1267 of 80 363 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 81 4 18 Nucleotide 360-377 of 82 5 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 83 5 69 Nucleotide 393-461 of 84 22 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 85 6 24 Nucleotide 546-569 of 86 7 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 87 7 96 Nucleotide 573-668 of 88 31 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 89 8 87 Nucleotide 582-668 of 90 28 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 91 9 600 Nucleotide 668-1267 of 92 199 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 93 10 159 Nucleotide 684-842 of 94 52 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 95 11 510 Nucleotide 758-1267 of 96 169 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 97 12 51 Nucleotide 792-842 of 98 16 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 99 13 336 Nucleotide 932-1267 of 100 111 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 101 14 33 Nucleotide 1017-1049 of 102 10 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 103 15 216 Nucleotide 1052-1267 of 104 71 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 105 16 60 Nucleotide 1080-1139 of 106 19 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 107 17 48 Nucleotide 1092-1139 of 108 15 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No.75 109 18 30 Nucleotide 1110-1139 of 110 9 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 111 19 141 Nucleotide 1127-1267 of 112 46 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No.75 113 20 132 Nucleotide 1136-1267 of 114 43 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No.75 115 21 90 Nucleotide 1167-1256 of 116 29 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No.75 117 22 72 Nucleotide 1185-1256 of 118 23 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 119 23 57 Nucleotide 1211-1267 of 120 18 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No.75 121 24 15 Nucleotide 1253-1267 of 122 4 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 123 25 45 Nucleotide 1283-1327 of 124 14 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 125 26 132 Nucleotide 1411-1542 of 126 43 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No.75 127 27 105 Nucleotide 1438-1542 of 128 34 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 129 28 75 Nucleotide 1493-1567 of 130 24 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 131 29 39 Nucleotide 1573-1611 of 132 12 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 75 133 30 33 Nucleotide 1528-1660 of 134 10 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No.75 135

[0075] TABLE 5 OPEN READING FRAMES FOR CNI-00715 OPEN READING FRAME SEQUENCE NUMBER LENGTH LOCATION ID. NO. 1 39 Nucleotide 34-72 of 137 12 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 136 138 2 24 Nucleotide 38-61 of 139 7 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 136 140 3 138 Nucleotide 93-230 of 141 45 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 136 142 4 93 Nucleotide 138-230 of 143 30 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 136 144 5 72 Nucleotide 145-216 of 145 23 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 136 146 6 57 Nucleotide 160-216 of 147 18 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 136 148 7 30 Nucleotide 352-381 of 149 9 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 136 150 8 75 Nucleotide 399-473 of 151 24 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 136 152

[0076] TABLE 6 OPEN READING FRAMES FOR CNI-00716 OPEN READING FRAME SEQUENCE NUMBER LENGTH LOCATION ID. NO. 1 108 Nucleotide 53-160 of 154 35 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 153 155 2 99 Nucleotide 62-160 of 156 32 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 153 157 3 21 Nucleotide 205-225 of 158 6 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 153 159 4 75 Nucleotide 226-300 of 160 24 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 153 161 5 48 Nucleotide 253-300 of 162 15 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 153 163 6 42 Nucleotide 259-300 of 164 13 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 153 165 7 99 Nucleotide 358-456 of 166 32 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 153 167 8 63 Nucleotide 394-456 of 168 20 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 153 169 9 39 Nucleotide 418-456 of 170 12 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 153 171 10 177 Nucleotide 459-635 of 172 58 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 153 173 11 27 Nucleotide 574-600 of 174 8 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 153 175 12 75 Nucleotide 604-678 of 176 24 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 153 177 13 33 Nucleotide 693-725 of 178 10 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 153 179 14 30 Nucleotide 696-725 of 180 9 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 153 181 15 42 Nucleotide 730-771 of 182 14 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 153 183

[0077] TABLE 7 OPEN READING FRAMES FOR CNI-00717 OPEN READING FRAME SEQUENCE NUMBER LENGTH LOCATION ID. NO. 1 819 Nucleotide 80-898 of 185 272 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 184 186 2 774 Nucleotide 125-898 of 187 257 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 184 188 3 717 Nucleotide 182-898 of 189 238 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 190 4 699 Nucleotide 200-898 of 191 232 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 192 5 696 Nucleotide 203-898 of 193 231 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 194 6 72 Nucleotide 279-350 of 195 23 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 196 7 66 Nucleotide 285-350 of 197 21 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 198 8 57 Nucleotide 294-350 of 199 18 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 200 9 51 Nucleotide 369-419 of 201 16 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 202 10 306 Nucleotide 423-728 of 203 101 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 204 11 282 Nucleotide 447-728 of 205 93 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 206 12 231 Nucleotide 498-728 of 207 76 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 208 13 213 Nucleotide 516-728 of 209 70 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 210 14 195 Nucleotide 534-728 of 211 64 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 212 15 189 Nucleotide 540-728 of 213 62 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 214 16 174 Nucleotide 555-728 of 215 57 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 216 17 156 Nucleotide 573-728 of 217 51 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 218 18 126 Nucleotide 603-728 of 219 41 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 220 19 117 Nucleotide 612-728 of 221 38 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 222 20 96 Nucleotide 633-728 of 223 31 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 224 21 48 Nucleotide 681-728 of 225 15 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 226 22 42 Nucleotide 687-728 of 227 13 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 228 23 78 Nucleotide 741-818 of 229 25 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 230 24 60 Nucleotide 759-818 of 231 19 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 232 25 48 Nucleotide 771-818 of 233 15 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 234 26 36 Nucleotide 783-818 of 235 11 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 236 27 84 Nucleotide 846-929 of 237 27 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 238 28 69 Nucleotide 861-929 of 239 22 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 240 29 66 Nucleotide 864-929 of 241 21 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 242 30 75 Nucleotide 931-1005 of 243 24 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 244 31 75 Nucleotide 1062-1136 of 245 24 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 246 32 18 Nucleotide 1119-1136 of 247 5 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 248 33 15 Nucleotide 1162-1176 of 249 4 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 250 34 81 Nucleotide 1304-1384 of 251 26 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 252 35 24 Nucleotide 1361-1384 of 253 7 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 254 36 27 Nucleotide 1396-1422 of 255 8 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 256 37 90 Nucleotide 1478-1567 of 257 29 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No.184 258 38 24 Nucleotide 1554-1577 of 259 7 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 184 260

[0078] TABLE 8 OPEN READING FRAMES FOR CNI-00720 OPEN READING FRAME SEQUENCE NUMBER LENGTH LOCATION ID. NO. 1 24 Nucleotide 62-85 of 262 7 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 261 263 2 228 Nucleotide 88-315 of 264 75 Amino Acid Seq. Id. No. 261 265 3 195 Nucleotide 121-315 of 266 64 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 261 267 4 69 Nucleotide 247-315 of 268 22 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 261 269 5 87 Nucleotide 321-407 of 270 28 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 261 271 6 270 Nucleotide 376-645 of 272 89 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 261 273 7 21 Nucleotide 593-559 of 274 6 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 261 275 8 42 Nucleotide 604-645 of 276 13 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 261 277 9 18 Nucleotide 623-640 of 278 5 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 261 279 10 99 Nucleotide 651-749 of 280 32 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 261 281 11 33 Nucleotide 661-693 of 282 10 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 261 283 12 54 Nucleotide 742-795 of 284 17 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 261 285 13 15 Nucleotide 1020-1034 of 286 4 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 261 287 14 48 Nucleotide 1034-1081 of 288 15 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 261 289 15 12 Nucleotide 1126-1137 of 290 3 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 261 291

[0079] TABLE 9 OPEN READING FRAMES FOR CNI-00721 OPEN READING FRAME SEQUENCE NUMBER LENGTH LOCATION ID. NO. 1 207 Nucleotide 112-318 of 293 68 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 294 2 147 Nucleotide 172-318 of 295 48 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 296 3 24 Nucleotide 236-259 of 297 7 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 298 4 18 Nucleotide 345-362 of 299 5 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 300 5 51 Nucleotide 352-402 of 301 16 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 302 6 132 Nucleotide 362-493 of 303 43 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 304 7 33 Nucleotide 370-402 of 305 10 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 306 8 21 Nucleotide 382-402 of 307 6 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 308 9 12 Nucleotide 426-437 of 309 3 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 310 10 201 Nucleotide 589-789 of 311 66 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 312 11 93 Nucleotide 738-830 of 313 30 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 314 12 21 Nucleotide 776-796 of 315 6 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 316 13 42 Nucleotide 789-830 of 317 13 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 318 14 27 Nucleotide 840-866 of 319 8 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 320 15 324 Nucleotide 866-1189 of 321 107 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 322 16 78 Nucleotide 870-947 of 323 25 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 324 17 54 Nucleotide 894-947 of 325 17 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 326 18 30 Nucleotide 918-947 of 327 9 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 328 19 24 Nucleotide 976-999 of 329 7 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 330 20 66 Nucleotide 1057-1122 of 331 21 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 332 21 15 Nucleotide 1108-1122 of 333 4 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 334 22 69 Nucleotide 1346-1414 of 335 22 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 336 23 63 Nucleotide 1352-1414 of 337 20 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 338 24 15 Nucleotide 1400-1414 of 339 4 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 340 25 18 Nucleotide 1491-1508 of 341 5 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 342 26 42 Nucleotide 1523-1564 of 343 13 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 344 27 15 Nucleotide 1528-1542 of 345 4 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 346 28 111 Nucleotide 1647-1757 of 347 36 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 348 29 87 Nucleotide 1654-1740 of 349 28 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 350 30 24 Nucleotide 1826-1849 of 351 7 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 352 31 12 Nucleotide 1859-1870 of 353 3 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 354 32 51 Nucleotide 1867-1917 of 355 16 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 356 33 57 Nucleotide 1881-1937 of 357 18 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 292 358

[0080] TABLE 10 OPEN READING FRAMES FOR CNI-00723 OPEN READING FRAME SEQUENCE NUMBER LENGTH LOCATION ID. NO. 1 36 Nucleotide 217-252 of 360 11 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 361 2 48 Nucleotide 288-335 of 362 15 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 363 3 18 Nucleotide 332-349 of 364 5 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 365 4 63 Nucleotide 393-455 of 366 20 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 367 5 24 Nucleotide 412-435 of 368 7 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 369 6 51 Nucleotide 439-489 of 370 16 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 371 7 1473 Nucleotide 489-1961 of 372 490 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 373 8 1467 Nucleotide 495-1961 of 374 488 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 375 9 90 Nucleotide 544-633 of 376 29 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 377 10 78 Nucleotide 556-633 of 378 25 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 379 11 63 Nucleotide 571-633 of 380 20 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 381 12 33 Nucleotide 614-646 of 382 10 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 383 13 12 Nucleotide 622-633 of 384 3 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 385 14 42 Nucleotide 634-675 of 386 13 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 387 15 1260 Nucleotide 702-1961 of 388 419 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 389 16 45 Nucleotide 736-780 of 390 14 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 391 17 108 Nucleotide 740-847 of 392 35 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 393 18 1128 Nucleotide 834-1961 of 394 375 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 395 19 1017 Nucleotide 945-1961 of 396 338 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 397 20 15 Nucleotide 986-1000 of 398 4 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 399 21 30 Nucleotide 1000-1029 of 400 9 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 401 22 936 Nucleotide 1026-1961 of 402 311 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 403 23 12 Nucleotide 1061-1072 of 404 3 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 405 24 39 Nucleotide 1069-1107 of 406 12 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 407 25 33 Nucleotide 1075-1107 of 408 10 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 409 26 870 Nucleotide 1092-1961 of 410 289 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 411 27 54 Nucleotide 1258-1311 of 412 17 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 413 28 678 Nucleotide 1284-1961 of 414 225 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 415 29 21 Nucleotide 1342-1362 of 416 6 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 417 30 24 Nucleotide 1379-1402 of 418 7 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 419 31 15 Nucleotide 1429-1443 of 420 4 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 421 32 486 Nucleotide 1476-1961 of 422 161 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 423 33 54 Nucleotide 1489-1542 of 424 17 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 425 34 15 Nucleotide 1528-1542 of 426 4 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 427 35 57 Nucleotide 1543-1599 of 428 18 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 429 36 24 Nucleotide 1576-1599 of 430 7 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 431 37 240 Nucleotide 1722-1961 of 432 79 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 433 38 90 Nucleotide 1872-1961 of 434 29 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 435 39 54 Nucleotide 1915-1968 of 436 17 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 437 40 39 Nucleotide 1993-2031 of 438 12 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 439 41 309 Nucleotide 2004-2312 of 440 102 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 441 42 21 Nucleotide 2011-2031 of 442 6 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 443 43 204 Nucleotide 2109-2312 of 444 67 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 445 44 198 Nucleotide 2115-2312 of 446 65 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 447 45 57 Nucleotide 2198-2254 of 448 18 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 449 46 231 Nucleotide 2269-2499 of 450 76 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 451 47 216 Nucleotide 2284-2499 of 452 71 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 453 48 153 Nucleotide 2300-2454 of 454 50 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 455 49 30 Nucleotide 2423-2452 of 456 9 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 457 50 48 Nucleotide 2452-2499 of 458 15 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 459 51 15 Nucleotide 2522-2536 of 460 4 Amino Acids Seq. Id. No. 359 461

[0081] TABLE 11 OPEN READING FRAME FOR CNI-00724 OPEN READING FRAME SEQUENCE NUMBER LENGTH LOCATION ID. NO. 1 243 Nucleotide 567-809 of Seq. Id. 463  80 Amino Acids No. 462 464

[0082] In a specific embodiment, the nucleic acid molecules comprise nucleic acids that encode an open reading frame of at least 3 contiguous amino acid residues from a full-length protein. In alternate embodiments, the nucleic acid molecules comprise an open reading frame which encodes at least about 5, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 or more contiguous amino acid residues of a protein.

[0083] The sequence obtained from clones containing partial coding sequences or non-coding sequences can be used to obtain the entire coding region by using the RACE method, for example (Chenchik, et al., 1995, CLONTECHniques (X) 1: 5-8; Barnes, 1994, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 2216-2220; and Cheng et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 5695-5699). Oligonucleotides can be designed based on the sequence obtained from the partial clone that can amplify a reverse transcribed mRNA encoding the entire coding sequence. Alternatively, probes can be used to screen cDNA libraries prepared from an appropriate cell or cell line in which the protective sequence is transcribed.

[0084] With respect to allelic variants of protective sequences associated with a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death, any and all such nucleotide variations and resulting amino acid polymorphisms or variations which are the result of natural allelic variation of the protective sequence are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. Such allelic variants include, but are not limited to, ones that do not alter the functional activity of the protective sequence product.

[0085] With respect to the cloning of additional allelic variants of the isolated protective sequence and homologues and orthologs from other species (e.g., guinea pig, cow, mouse), the isolated protective sequences disclosed herein may be labeled and used to screen a cDNA library constructed from mRNA obtained from appropriate cells or tissues (e.g., brain) derived from the organism (e.g., guinea pig, cow and mouse) of interest. The hybridization conditions used generally should be of a lower stringency when the cDNA library is derived from an organism different from the type of organism from which the labeled sequence was derived, and can routinely be determined based on, e.g., relative relatedness of the target and reference organisms.

[0086] Alternatively, the labeled fragment may be used to screen a genomic library derived from the organism of interest, again, using appropriately stringent conditions. Appropriate stringency conditions are well known to those of skill in the art as discussed above, and will vary predictably depending on the specific organisms from which the library and the labeled sequences are derived. For guidance regarding such conditions, see, for example, Sambrook, et al., 1989, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition, Cold Spring Harbor Press, N.Y.; and Ausubel, et al., 1989-1999, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Green Publishing Associates and Wiley lnterscience, N.Y., both of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0087] Additionally, the cloning of homologs and orthologs of the isolated protective sequence from other species (e.g. mouse) could also occur using the knowledge of syntenic regions and/or genes. Syntenic genes are genes which are believed to be located on the same chromosome because they are lost along with a marker gene which is known to be located on that chromosome. There are well-established genetic maps of specific chromosome regions that show syntenic regions between chromosomes of humans and other species that can be utilized, by one skilled in the art, for this purpose.

[0088] Further, a protective sequence allelic variant may be isolated from, for example, human nucleic acid, by performing PCR using two degenerate oligonucleotide primer pools designed on the basis of amino acid sequences within the protective sequence product of interest. The template for the reaction may be cDNA obtained by reverse transcription of mRNA prepared from, for example, human or non-human cell lines or tissue known or suspected to express a wild type or mutant protective sequence allele. In one embodiment, the allelic variant is isolated from an individual who has a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death. Such variants are described in the examples below.

[0089] The PCR product may be subcloned and sequenced to ensure that the amplified sequences represent the sequences of a protective nucleic acid sequence. The PCR fragment may then be used to isolate a full-length cDNA clone by a variety of methods. For example, the amplified fragment may be labeled and used to screen a bacteriophage cDNA library. Alternatively, the labeled fragment may be used to isolate genomic clones via the screening of a genomic library.

[0090] PCR technology also may be utilized to isolate full-length cDNA sequences. For example, RNA may be isolated, following standard procedures, from an appropriate cellular or tissue source. A reverse transcription reaction may be performed on the RNA using an oligonucleotide primer specific for the most 5′ end of the amplified fragment for the priming of first strand synthesis. The resulting RNA/DNA hybrid may then be “tailed” with guanines using a standard terminal transferase reaction. The hybrid may be digested with RNAase H and second strand synthesis may then be primed with a poly-C primer. Thus, cDNA sequences upstream of the amplified fragment may easily be isolated. For a review of cloning strategies which may be used, see e.g., Sambrook et al., 1989, supra, or Ausubel et al., supra.

[0091] In cases where the isolated protective sequence is the normal, or wild type gene, this gene may be used to isolate mutant alleles of the protective sequence. Such an isolation is preferable in processes and disorders that are known or suspected to have a genetic basis. Mutant alleles may be isolated from individuals either known or suspected to have a genotype which contributes to symptoms of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. Mutant alleles and mutant allele products may then be utilized in the therapeutic and diagnostic assay systems described below.

[0092] A cDNA of the mutant protective sequence may be isolated, for example, by using PCR, a technique well known to those of skill in the art. In this case, the first cDNA strand may be synthesized by hybridizing an oligo-dT oligonucleotide to mRNA isolated from tissue known or suspected to be expressed in an individual putatively carrying the mutant allele, and by extending the new strand with reverse transcriptase. The second strand of the cDNA is then synthesized using an oligonucleotide that hybridizes specifically to the 5′ end of the normal protective sequence. Using these two primers, the product is then amplified via PCR, cloned into a suitable vector and subjected to DNA sequence analysis through methods well known to those of skill in the art. By comparing the DNA sequence of the mutant protective sequence to that of the normal protective sequence, the mutation(s) responsible for the loss or alteration of function of the mutant gene product can be ascertained.

[0093] Alternatively, a genomic or cDNA library can be constructed and screened using DNA or RNA, respectively, from a tissue known to or suspected of expressing the protective sequence of interest in an individual suspected of or known to carry the mutant allele. The normal protective sequence or any suitable fragment thereof may then be labeled and used as a probed to identify the corresponding mutant allele in the library. The clone containing this protective sequence may then be purified through methods routinely practiced in the art, and subjected to sequence analysis as described above in this Section.

[0094] Additionally, an expression library can be constructed utilizing DNA isolated from or cDNA synthesized from a tissue known to or suspected of expressing the protective sequence of interest in an individual suspected of or known to carry the mutant allele. In this manner, protective sequence products made by the tissue containing the putative mutant alleles may be expressed and screened using standard antibody screening techniques in conjunction with antibodies raised against the normal protective sequence product, as described, below, in Section 5.3 (For screening techniques, see, for example, Harlow, E. and Lane, eds., 1988, “Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual”, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor.) In cases where the mutation results in an expressed protective sequence product with altered function (e.g., as a result of a missense mutation), a polyclonal set of antibodies are likely to cross-react with the mutant protective sequence product. Library clones detected via their reaction with such labeled antibodies can be purified and subjected to sequence analysis as described in this Section, above.

[0095] The invention also includes nucleic acid molecules, preferably DNA molecules that are the complements of the nucleic acids of the preceding paragraphs.

[0096] In certain embodiments, the protective nucleic acid molecules of the invention are present as part of protective nucleic acid molecules comprising nucleic acid sequences which do not contain heterologous (e.g., cloning vector or expression vector) sequences. In other embodiments, the protective nucleic acid molecules of the invention further comprise vector sequences, e.g., cloning vectors or expression vectors.

[0097] 5.2 Protein Products of the Protective Sequences

[0098] Protective sequence products or fragments thereof of the invention can be prepared for a variety of uses, including but not limited to, prophylactic or therapeutic modulators of protective sequence product function, for the generation of antibodies, diagnostic assays, or for the identification of other cellular or extracellular protective sequence products involved in the regulation of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death.

[0099] The protective sequence products of the invention include, but are not limited to, human protective sequence products and non-human protective sequence products, e.g., mammalian (such as bovine or guinea pig), protective sequence products.

[0100] Protective sequence products of the invention, sometimes referred to herein as a “protective sequence protein” or “protective sequence polypeptide,” includes those gene products encoded by any of up to six translational reading frames of the protective sequence sequences depicted in Table 1, as well as gene products encoded by other human allelic variants and non-human variants of protective sequence products which can be identified by the methods herein described. Among such protective sequence product variants are protective sequence products comprising amino acid residues encoded by polymorphisms of such protective sequence products.

[0101] In addition, protective sequence products of the invention may include proteins that represent functionally equivalent gene products. Functionally equivalent protective sequence products may include, for example, protective sequence products encoded by one of the nucleic acid molecules described in Section 5.1, above. In preferred embodiments, such functionally equivalent protective sequence products are naturally occurring gene products. Functionally equivalent protective sequence products also include gene products which retain at least one of the biological activities of the protective sequence products described above, and/or which are recognized by and bind to antibodies (polyclonal or monoclonal) directed against protective sequence products of the invention.

[0102] Equivalent protective sequence products may contain deletions, including internal deletions, additions, including additions yielding fusion proteins, or substitutions of amino acid residues within and/or adjacent to the amino acid sequence encoded by the protective sequence sequences described, above, in Section 5.1. Generally, deletions will be deletions of single amino acid residues, or deletions of no more than about 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 or 20 amino acid residues, either contiguous or non-contiguous. Generally, additions or substitutions, other than additions which yield fusion proteins, will be additions or substitutions of single amino acid residues, or additions or substitutions of no more than about 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 or 20 amino acid residues, either contiguous or non-contiguous. Preferably, these modifications result in a “silent” change, in that the change produces a protective sequence product with the same activity as the original protective sequence product. However, nucleic acid changes resulting in amino acid additions or substitutions may also be made for the purpose of modifying the protective sequence product in order to generally enhance their use as therapeutic agents or components for assays, such modifications to include, but not be limited to, stabilizing the product against degradation, enhancing pharmacokinetic properties, modifying site tropisms at the level of cells, tissues, organs, or organisms.

[0103] Amino acid substitutions may be made on the basis of similarity in polarity, charge, solubility, hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity and/or the amphipathic nature of the residues involved. For example, nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids include alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan and methionine; polar neutral amino acids include glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, tyrosine, asparagine and glutamine; positively charged (basic) amino acids include arginine, lysine and histidine; and negatively charged (acidic) amino acids include aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Additionally, non-natural amino acids, including, but not limited to, D-amino acids may be used.

[0104] Alternatively, where alteration of function is desired, addition(s), deletion(s) or non-conservative alterations can produce altered, including reduced-activity, protective sequence products. Such alterations can, for example, alter one or more of the biological functions of the protective sequence product. Further, such alterations can be selected so as to generate protective sequence products which include, but are not limited to, products which are better suited for expression, scale up, etc. in the host cells chosen. For example, cysteine residues can be deleted or substituted with another amino acid residue in order to eliminate disulfide bridges.

[0105] Protein fragments and/or peptides of the invention may comprise at least as many contiguous amino acid residues as necessary to represent an epitope fragment (that is to be recognized by an antibody directed to the protein). Examples of such protein fragments and/or peptides of the invention are shown by the open reading frames of the protective sequences shown in FIGS. 4-13, and described in Tables 2-11, respectively. In one nonlimiting embodiment of the invention, such protein fragments or peptides comprise at least about 3 contiguous amino acid residues from a full-length protein. In alternate embodiments, the protein fragments and peptides of the invention can comprise about 5, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450 or more contiguous amino acid residues of a protein.

[0106] Peptides and/or proteins corresponding to one or more domains of the protein as well as fusion proteins in which a protein, or a portion of a protein such as a truncated protein or peptide or a protein domain, is fused to an unrelated protein are also within the scope of this invention. Such proteins and peptides can be designed on the basis of the nucleic acids disclosed in Section 5.1, above. Fusion proteins include, but are not limited to, IgFc fusions which stabilize the protein or peptide and prolong half-life in vivo; or fusions to any amino acid sequence which allows the fusion protein to be anchored to the cell membrane; or fusions to an enzyme, fluorescent protein, luminescent protein or a epitope tagged protein or peptide which provides a marker function.

[0107] The protein sequences described above can include a domain, which comprises a protein transduction domain which targets the protective sequence product for delivery to various tissues and more particularly across the brain blood barrier, using, for example, the protein transduction domain of human immunodeficiency virus TAT protein (Schwarze et al., 1999, Science 285: 1569-72).

[0108] The protein sequences described above can include a domain, which comprises a signal sequence that targets the gene product for secretion. As used herein, a signal sequence includes a peptide of at least about 15 or 20 amino acid residues in length which occurs at the N-terminus of secretory and membrane-bound proteins and which contains at least about 70% hydrophobic amino acid residues such as alanine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, proline, tyrosine, tryptophan or valine. In a preferred embodiment, a signal sequence contains at least about 10 to 40 amino acid residues, preferably about 19-34 amino acid residues and has at least about 60-80%, more preferably 65-75% and more preferably at least about 70% hydrophobic residues. A signal sequence serves to direct a protein containing such a sequence to a lipid bilayer.

[0109] A signal sequence of a polypeptide of the invention can be used to facilitate secretion and isolation of the secreted protein or other proteins of interest. Signal sequences are typically characterized by a core of hydrophobic amino acids, which are generally cleaved from the mature protein during secretion in one or more cleavage events. Such signal peptides contain processing sites that allow cleavage of the signal sequence from the mature proteins as they pass through the secretory pathway. Thus, the invention pertains to the described polypeptides having a signal sequence (that is, “immature” polypeptides), as well as to the signal sequences themselves and to the polypeptides in the absence of a signal sequence (i.e., the “mature” cleavage products). It is to be understood that polypeptides of the invention can further comprise polypeptides comprising any signal sequence having characteristics as described above and a mature polypeptide sequence.

[0110] In one embodiment, a nucleic acid sequence encoding a signal sequence of the invention can be operably linked in an expression vector to a protein of interest, such as a protein which is ordinarily not secreted or is otherwise difficult to isolate. The signal sequence directs secretion of the protein, such as from a eukaryotic host into which the expression vector is transformed, and the signal sequence is subsequently or concurrently cleaved. The protein can then be readily purified from the extracellular medium by art recognized methods. Alternatively, the signal sequence can be linked to the protein of interest using a sequence which facilitates purification, such as with a GST domain.

[0111] Finally, the proteins of the invention also include protein sequences wherein domains encoded by any transcriptional or post-transcriptional, and/or translational or post-translational modifications, or fragments thereof, have been deleted. The polypeptides of the invention can further comprise posttranslational modifications, including, but not limited to glycosylations, acetylations and myrisalations.

[0112] The protective sequence products, peptide fragments thereof and fusion proteins thereof may be produced by recombinant DNA technology using techniques well known in the art. Thus, methods for preparing the protective sequence products, polypeptides, peptides, fusion peptide and fusion polypeptides of the invention by expressing nucleic acid containing protective sequence sequences are described herein. Methods that are well known to those skilled in the art can be used to construct expression vectors containing protective sequence product coding sequences and appropriate transcriptional and translational control signals. These methods include, for example, in vitro recombinant DNA techniques, synthetic techniques and in vivo genetic recombination. See, for example, the techniques described in Sambrook, et al., 1989, supra, and Ausubel, et al., 1989, supra. Alternatively, RNA capable of encoding protective sequence product sequences may be chemically synthesized using, for example, synthesizers. See, for example, the techniques described in “Oligonucleotide Synthesis”, 1984, Gait, ed., IRL Press, Oxford.

[0113] A variety of host-expression vector systems may be utilized to express the protective sequence product coding sequences of the invention. Such host-expression systems represent vehicles by which the coding sequences of interest may be produced and subsequently purified, but also represent cells which may, when transformed or transfected with the appropriate nucleotide coding sequences, exhibit the protective sequence product of the invention in situ. These include, but are not limited to, microorganisms such as bacteria (e.g., E. coli, B. subtilis) transformed with recombinant bacteriophage DNA, plasmid DNA or cosmid DNA expression vectors containing protective sequence product coding sequences; yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces, Pichia) transformed with recombinant yeast expression vectors containing the protective sequence product coding sequences; insect cell systems infected with recombinant virus expression vectors (e.g., baculovirus) containing the protective sequence product coding sequences; plant cell systems infected with recombinant virus expression vectors (e.g., cauliflower mosaic virus, CaMV; tobacco mosaic virus, TMV) or transformed with recombinant plasmid expression vectors (e.g., Ti plasmid) containing protective sequence product coding sequences; or mammalian cell systems (e.g. COS, CHO, BHK, 293, 3T3) harboring recombinant expression constructs containing promoters derived from the genome of mammalian cells (e.g., metallothionine promoter) or from mammalian viruses (e.g., the adenovirus late promoter; the vaccinia virus 7.5K promoter).

[0114] In bacterial systems, a number of expression vectors may be advantageously selected depending upon the use intended for the protective sequence product being expressed. For example, when a large quantity of such a protein is to be produced, for the generation of pharmaceutical compositions of protective sequence product or for raising antibodies to protective sequence product, for example, vectors which direct the expression of high levels of fusion protein products which are readily purified may be desirable. Such vectors include, but are not limited to, the E. coli expression vector pUR278 (Ruther et al., 1983, EMBO J. 2:1791), in which the protective sequence product coding sequence may be ligated individually into the vector in frame with the lacZ coding region so that a fusion protein is produced; pIN vectors (Inouye and Inouye, 1985, Nucleic Acids Res. 13:3101-3109; Van Heeke and Schuster, 1989, J. Biol. Chem. 264:5503-5509); and the like. pGEX vectors may also be used to express foreign polypeptides as fusion proteins with glutathione S-transferase (GST). In general, such fusion proteins are soluble and can easily be purified from lysed cells by adsorption to glutathione-agarose beads followed by elution in the presence of free glutathione. The pGEX vectors are designed to include thrombin or factor Xa protease cleavage sites so that the cloned protective sequence product can be released from the GST moiety.

[0115] In an insect system, Autographa californica, nuclear polyhidrosis virus (AcNPV) is used as a vector to express foreign genes. The virus grows in Spodoptera frugiperda cells. The protective sequence product coding sequence may be cloned individually into non-essential regions (for example the polyhedrin gene) of the virus and placed under control of an AcNPV promoter (for example the polyhedrin promoter). Successful insertion of protective sequence product coding sequence will result in inactivation of the polyhedrin gene and production of non-occluded recombinant virus (i.e., virus lacking the proteinaceous coat coded for by the polyhedrin gene). These recombinant viruses are then used to infect Spodoptera frugiperda cells in which the inserted gene is expressed. (e.g., see Smith, et al., 1983, J. Virol. 46:584; Smith, U.S. Pat. No. 4,215,051).

[0116] In mammalian host cells, a number of viral-based expression systems may be utilized. In cases where an adenovirus is used as an expression vector, the protective sequence product coding sequence of interest may be ligated to an adenovirus transcription/translation control complex, e.g., the late promoter and tripartite leader sequence. This chimeric gene may then be inserted in the adenovirus genome by in vitro or in vivo recombination. Insertion in a non-essential region of the viral genome (e.g., region E1 or E3) will result in a recombinant virus that is viable and capable of expressing protective sequence products in infected hosts. (See, e.g., Logan and Shenk, 1984, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:3655-3659). Specific initiation signals may also be required for efficient translation of inserted protective sequence product coding sequences. These signals include the ATG initiation codon and adjacent sequences. In cases where an entire protective sequence, including its own initiation codon and adjacent sequences, is inserted into the appropriate expression vector, no additional translational control signals may be needed. However, in cases where only a portion of the protective sequence coding sequence is inserted, exogenous translational control signals, including, perhaps, the ATG initiation codon, must be provided. Furthermore, the initiation codon must be in phase with the reading frame of the desired coding sequence to ensure translation of the entire insert. These exogenous translational control signals and initiation codons can be of a variety of origins, both natural and synthetic. The efficiency of expression may be enhanced by the inclusion of appropriate transcription enhancer elements, transcription terminators, etc. (see Bittner, et al., 1987, Methods in Enzymol. 153:516-544).

[0117] In addition, a host cell strain may be chosen that modulates the expression of the inserted sequences, or modifies and processes the gene product in the specific fashion desired. Such modifications (e.g., glycosylation) and processing (e.g., cleavage) of protein products may be important for the function of the protein. Different host cells have characteristic and specific mechanisms for the post-translational processing and modification of proteins and gene products. Appropriate cell lines or host systems can be chosen to ensure the correct modification and processing of the foreign protein expressed. To this end, eukaryotic host cells that possess the cellular machinery for proper processing of the primary transcript, glycosylation and phosphorylation of the gene product may be used. Such mammalian host cells include, but are not limited to, CHO, VERO, BHK, HeLa, COS, MDCK, 293, 3T3 and WI38.

[0118] For long-term, high-yield production of recombinant proteins, stable expression is preferred. For example, cell lines that stably express the protective sequence product may be engineered. Rather than using expression vectors which contain viral origins of replication, host cells can be transformed with DNA controlled by appropriate expression control elements (e.g., promoter, enhancer, sequences, transcription terminators, polyadenylation sites, etc.), and a selectable marker. Following the introduction of the foreign DNA, engineered cells may be allowed to grow for 1-2 days in an enriched media, and then are switched to a selective media. The selectable marker in the recombinant plasmid confers resistance to the selection and allows cells to stably integrate the plasmid into their chromosomes and grow to form foci which in turn can be cloned and expanded into cell lines. This method may advantageously be used to engineer cell lines that express the protective sequence product. Such engineered cell lines may be particularly useful in screening and evaluation of compounds that affect the endogenous activity of the protective sequence product.

[0119] A number of selection systems may be used, including, but not limited to, the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (Wigler, et al., 1977, Cell 11:223), hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (Szybalska and Szybalski, 1962, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 48:2026), and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (Lowy, et al., 1980, Cell 22:817) genes can be employed in tk⁻, hgprt⁻ or aprt⁻ cells, respectively. Also, antimetabolite resistance can be used as the basis of selection for the following genes: dhfr, which confers resistance to methotrexate (Wigler, et al., 1980, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:3567; O'Hare, et al., 1981, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:1527); gpt, which confers resistance to mycophenolic acid (Mulligan and Berg, 1981, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:2072); neo, which confers resistance to the aminoglycoside G-418 (Colberre-Garapin, et al., 1981, J. Mol. Biol. 150:1); and hygro, which confers resistance to hygromycin (Santerre, et al., 1984, Gene 30:147).

[0120] Alternatively, the expression characteristics of an endogenous protective sequence within a cell line or microorganism may be modified by inserting a heterologous DNA regulatory element into the genome of a stable cell line or cloned microorganism such that the inserted regulatory element is operatively linked with the endogenous protective sequence. For example, an endogenous protective sequence which is normally “transcriptionally silent”, i.e., a protective sequence which is normally not expressed, or is expressed only at very low levels in a cell line or microorganism, may be activated by inserting a regulatory element which is capable of promoting the expression of a normally expressed protective sequence product in that cell line or microorganism. Alternatively, a transcriptionally silent, endogenous protective sequence may be activated by insertion of a promiscuous regulatory element which works across cell types.

[0121] Methods, which are well known to those skilled in the art, can be used to construct vectors containing the protective sequence operatively associated with appropriate transcriptional/translational control signals. These methods include in vitro recombinant DNA techniques, and synthetic techniques. See, for example, the techniques described in Sambrook, et al., 1992, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, N.Y. and Ausubel et al., 1989, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing Associates & Wiley Interscience, N.Y.

[0122] The protective sequences may be associated operatively with a variety of different promoter/enhancer elements. The expression elements of these vectors may vary in their strength and specificities. Depending on the host/vector system utilized, any one of a number of suitable transcription and translation elements may be used. The promoter may be in the form of the promoter that is associated naturally with the gene of interest. Alternatively, the DNA may be positioned under the control of a recombinant or heterologous promoter, i. e., a promoter that is not associated normally with that gene. For example, tissue specific promoter/enhancer elements may be used to regulate the expression of the transferred DNA in specific cell types. Examples of transcriptional control regions which exhibit tissue specificity which have been described and could be used, include, but are not limited to: choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) gene control region which is active in cholinergic cells in the brain (Lonnerberg et al., 1996, JBC 271:33358-65; Lonnerberg et al., 1995, PNAS 92: 4046-50; Ibenez and Perrson, 1991 Eur. J. Neurosci. 3: 1309-15), mouse Thy-1.2 gene control region which is active in adult neurons including hippocampus, thalamus, cerebellum, cortex, RGC, DRG, and MN in the brain (Caroni, 1997, J Neurosci. Meth. 71: 3-9; Vidal et al., 1990, EMBO J 9: 833-40), neuron specific enolase (NSE) gene control region which is active in pan-neuronal, neuron specific, deep layers of cerebral and neocortex (not in white matter) areas of the brain (Hannas-Djebbara et al., 1997, Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 46: 91-9; Peel et al., 1997, Gene Therapy 4: 16-24; Twyman et al., 1997, J Mol Neurosci 8: 63-73; Forss-Petter et al., 1990, Neuron 5:187-97), elastase I gene control region which is active in pancreatic acinar cells (Swift et al., 1984, Cell 38:639-646; Ornitz et al., 1986, Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 50:399-409; MacDonald, 1987, Hepatology 7:42S-51S); insulin gene control region which is active in pancreatic beta cells (Hanahan, 1985, Nature 315:115-122); immunoglobulin gene control region which is active in lymphoid cells (Grosschedl et al., 1984, Cell 38:647-658; Adams et al., 1985, Nature 318:533-538; Alexander et al., 1987, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:1436-1444); albumin gene control region which is active in liver (Pinkert et al., 1987, Genes and Devel. 1:268-276); alpha-fetoprotein gene control region which is active in liver (Krumlauf et al., 1985, Mol. Cell. Biol. 5:1639-1648; Hammer et al., 1987, Science 235:53-58); alpha-1-antitrypsin gene control region which is active in liver (Kelsey et al., 1987, Genes and Devel. 1:161-171); beta-globin gene control region which is active in myeloid cells (Magram et al., 1985, Nature 315:338-340; Kollias et al., 1986, Cell 46:89-94); myelin basic protein gene control region which is active in oligodendrocyte cells in the brain (Readhead et al., 1987, Cell 48:703-712); myosin light chain-2 gene control region which is active in skeletal muscle (Shani, 1985, Nature 314:283-286) and gonadotropic releasing hormone gene control region which is active in the hypothalamus (Mason et al., 1986, Science 234:1372-1378). Promoters isolated from the genome of viruses which grow in mammalian cells (e.g., CMV, RSV, vaccinia virus 7.5K, SV40, HSV, adenoviruses MLP, and MMTV LTR promoters) may be used, as well as promoters produced by recombinant DNA or synthetic techniques. Further, promoters specifically activated within bone, i.e., the osteocalcin promoter, which is specifically activated within cells of osteoblastic lineage, may be used to target expression of nucleic acids within bone cells.

[0123] A heterologous regulatory element may be inserted into a stable cell line or cloned microorganism, such that it is operatively linked with an endogenous protective sequence, using techniques, such as targeted homologous recombination, which are well known to those of skill in the art, and described e.g., in Chappel, U.S. Pat. No. 5,272,071; PCT publication No. WO 91/06667, published May 16, 1991.

[0124] Alternatively, utilizing an antibody specific for the fusion protein being expressed may readily purify any fusion protein. For example, a system described by Janknecht, et al. allows for the ready purification of non-denatured fusion proteins expressed in human cell lines (Janknecht, et al., 1991, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:8972-8976). In this system, the gene of interest is subcloned into a vaccinia recombination plasmid such that the gene's open reading frame is translationally fused to an amino-terminal tag consisting of six histidine residues. Extracts from cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus are loaded onto Ni²⁺-nitriloacetic acid-agarose columns and histidine-tagged proteins are selectively eluted with imidazole-containing buffers.

[0125] The protective sequence products can also be expressed in transgenic animals. Animals of any species, including, but not limited to, mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, pigs, micro-pigs, goats, sheep, cows and non-human primates, e.g., baboons, monkeys and chimpanzees may be used to generate transgenic animals. The term “transgenic,” as used herein, refers to animals expressing protective sequences from a different species (e.g., mice expressing human protective sequences), as well as animals which have been genetically engineered to overexpress endogenous (i.e., same species) sequences or animals which have been genetically engineered to no longer express endogenous protective sequences (i.e., “knock-out” animals), and their progeny.

[0126] Any technique known in the art may be used to introduce a protective sequence transgene into animals to produce the founder lines of transgenic animals. Such techniques include, but are not limited to, pronuclear microinjection (Hoppe and Wagner, 1989, U.S. Pat. No. 4,873,191); retrovirus mediated gene transfer into germ lines (Van der Putten, et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA 82:6148-6152); gene targeting in embryonic stem cells (Thompson, et al., 1989, Cell 56:313-321); electroporation of embryos (Lo, 1983, Mol. Cell. Biol. 3:1803-1814); and sperm-mediated gene transfer (Lavitrano et al., 1989, Cell 57:717-723) (For a review of such techniques, see Gordon, 1989, Transgenic Animals, Intl. Rev. Cytol. 115, 171-229).

[0127] Any technique known in the art may be used to produce transgenic animal clones containing a protective sequence transgene, for example, nuclear transfer into enucleated oocytes of nuclei from cultured embryonic, fetal or adult cells induced to quiescence (Campbell, et al., 1996, Nature 380:64-66; Wilmut, et al., Nature 385:810-813).

[0128] The present invention provides for transgenic animals which carry a protective sequence transgene in all their cells, as well as animals which carry the transgene in some, but not all their cells, i.e., mosaic animals. The transgene may be integrated as a single transgene or in concatamers, e.g., head-to-head tandems or head-to-tail tandems. The transgene also may be selectively introduced into and activated in a particular cell type by following, for example, the teaching of Lasko et al. (Lasko, et al., 1992, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:6232-6236). The regulatory sequences required for such a cell-type specific activation will depend on the particular cell type of interest, and will be apparent to those of skill in the art. When it is desired that the cerebral transgene be integrated into the chromosomal site of the endogenous protective sequence, gene targeting is preferred. Briefly, when such a technique is to be utilized, vectors containing some nucleic acids homologous to the endogenous protective sequence are designed for the purpose of integrating, via homologous recombination with chromosomal sequences, into and disrupting the function of the nucleic acid of the endogenous protective sequence. The transgene also maybe selectively introduced into a particular cell type, thus inactivating the endogenous protective sequence in only that cell type, by following, for example, the teaching of Gu, et al. (Gu, et al., 1994, Science 265, 103-106). The regulatory sequences required for such a cell-type specific inactivation will depend on the particular cell type of interest, and will be apparent to those of skill in the art.

[0129] Once transgenic animals have been generated, the expression of the recombinant protective sequence may be assayed utilizing standard techniques. Initial screening may be accomplished by Southern blot analysis or PCR techniques to analyze animal tissues to assay whether integration of the transgene has taken place. The level of mRNA expression of the transgene in the tissues of the transgenic animals may also be assessed using techniques which include, but are not limited to, Northern blot analysis of tissue samples obtained from the animal, in situ hybridization analysis and RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase PCR). Samples of protective sequence-expressing tissue also may be evaluated immunocytochemically using antibodies specific for the transgene product.

[0130] Protective proteins can be used, e.g., to treat cell death-related conditions, disorders, or diseases. Such protective sequence products include, but are not limited to, soluble derivatives such as peptides or polypeptides corresponding to one or more domains of the protective sequence product which are modified such that they are deleted for one or more hydrophobic domains. Alternatively, antibodies to the protein or anti-idiotypic antibodies which mimic the protective sequence product (including Fab fragments), modulators, antagonists or agonists can be used to treat cell death-related conditions, disorders, or diseases involving the protective sequence product. In yet another approach, nucleotide constructs encoding such protective sequence products can be used to genetically engineer host cells to express such protective sequence products in vivo; these genetically engineered cells can function as “bioreactors” in the body delivering a continuous supply of protective sequence product, peptides and soluble polypeptides.

[0131] 5.3 Antibodies to the Protective Sequence Products

[0132] Described herein are methods for the production of antibodies capable of specifically recognizing one or more protective sequence product epitopes or epitopes of conserved variants or peptide fragments of the protective sequence products of the invention. Further, antibodies that specifically recognize mutant forms of the protective sequence products of the invention are encompassed by the invention. The terms “specifically bind” and “specifically recognize” refer to antibodies which bind to protective sequence product epitopes involved in conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death at a higher affinity than they bind to protective sequence product epitopes not involved in such conditions, disorders, or diseases (e.g., random epitopes).

[0133] Such antibodies may include, but are not limited to, polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), humanized or chimeric antibodies, single chain antibodies, Fab fragments, F(ab′)₂ fragments, fragments produced by a Fab expression library, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies and epitope-binding fragments of any of the above. Such antibodies may be used, for example, in the detection of a protective sequence product in a biological sample and may, therefore, be utilized as part of a diagnostic or prognostic technique whereby patients may be tested for abnormal levels of protective sequence products, and/or for the presence of abnormal forms of such protective sequence products. Such antibodies also may be utilized in conjunction with, for example, compound screening schemes, as described, below, in Section 5.4.2, for the evaluation of the effect of test compounds on protective sequence product levels and/or activity. Additionally, such antibodies can be used in conjunction with the gene therapy techniques described below, in Section 5.4.1.3., to evaluate, for example, the normal and/or engineered cells prior to their introduction into the patient.

[0134] Antibodies derived from the protective sequence or protective sequence product, including, but not limited to, antibodies and anti-idiotypic antibodies that mimic activity or function additionally may be used in methods for inhibiting abnormal protective sequence product activity. Thus, such antibodies may, therefore, be utilized as part of treatment methods for protective sequence product-mediated conditions, disorders, or diseases.

[0135] For the production of antibodies against a protective sequence, various host animals may be immunized with a protective sequence or protective sequence product, or a portion thereof. Such host animals may include, but are not limited to, rabbits, mice and rats, to name but a few. Various adjuvants may be used to increase the immunological response, depending on the host species, including, but not limited to, Freund's (complete and incomplete), mineral gels such as aluminum hydroxide, surface active substances such as lysolecithin, pluronic polyols, polyanions, peptides, oil emulsions, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, dinitrophenol and potentially useful human adjuvants such as BCG (bacille Calmette-Guerin) and Corynebacterium parvum.

[0136] Polyclonal antibodies are heterogeneous populations of antibody molecules derived from the sera of animals immunized with an antigen, such as protective sequence product, or an antigenic functional derivative thereof. For the production of polyclonal antibodies, host animals such as those described above, may be immunized with protective sequence product supplemented with adjuvants as also described above.

[0137] Monoclonal antibodies, which are homogeneous populations of antibodies to a particular antigen, may be obtained by any technique that provides for the production of antibody molecules by continuous cell lines in culture. These include, but are not limited to, the hybridoma technique of Kohler and Milstein, (1975, Nature 256:495-497; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,376,110), the human B-cell hybridoma technique (Kosbor et al., 1983, Immunology Today 4:72; Cole et al., 1983, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:2026-2030), and the EBV-hybridoma technique (Cole et al., 1985, Monoclonal Antibodies And Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, Inc., pp. 77-96). Such antibodies may be of any immunoglobulin class including IgG, IgM, IgE, IgA, IgD and any subclass thereof. The hybridoma producing the mAb of this invention may be cultivated in vitro or in vivo. Production of high titers of mAbs in vivo makes this the presently preferred method of production.

[0138] In addition, techniques developed for the production of “chimeric antibodies” (Morrison, et al., 1984, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 81:6851-6855; Neuberger, et al., 1984, Nature 312:604-608; Takeda, et al., 1985, Nature, 314:452-454) by splicing the genes from a mouse antibody molecule of appropriate antigen specificity together with genes from a human antibody molecule of appropriate biological activity can be used. A chimeric antibody is a molecule in which different portions are derived from different animal species, such as those having a variable region derived from a murine mAb and a human immunoglobulin constant region. (See, e.g., Cabilly et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; and Boss et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,816397, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.)

[0139] In addition, techniques have been developed for the production of humanized antibodies. (See, e.g., Queen, U.S. Pat. No. 5,585,089, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.) An immunoglobulin light or heavy chain variable region consists of a “framework” region interrupted by three hypervariable regions, referred to as complementarily determining regions (CDRs). The extent of the framework region and CDRs have been precisely defined (see, “Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest”, Kabat, E. et al., U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1983) ). Briefly, humanized antibodies are antibody molecules from non-human species having one or more CDRs from the non-human species and a framework region from a human immunoglobulin molecule.

[0140] Alternatively, techniques described for the production of single chain antibodies (U.S. Pat. No. 4,946,778; Bird, 1988, Science 242:423-426; Huston, et al., 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5879-5883; and Ward, et al., 1989, Nature 334:544-546) can be adapted to produce single chain antibodies against protective sequence products. Single chain antibodies are formed by linking the heavy and light chain fragments of the Fv region via an amino acid bridge, resulting in a single chain polypeptide.

[0141] Antibody fragments that recognize specific epitopes may be generated by known techniques. For example, such fragments include, but are not limited to: the F(ab′)₂ fragments, which can be produced by pepsin digestion of the antibody molecule and the Fab fragments, which can be generated by reducing the disulfide bridges of the F(ab′)₂ fragments. Alternatively, Fab expression libraries may be constructed (Huse, et al., 1989, Science 246:1275-1281) to allow rapid and easy identification of monoclonal Fab fragments with the desired specificity.

[0142] 5.4 Uses of the Protective Sequences, Protective Sequence Products and Antibodies

[0143] Described herein are various uses and applications of protective sequences, protective sequence products, including peptide fragments and fusion proteins thereof and of antibodies and anti-idiotypic antibodies derived from the protective sequence products and peptide fragments thereof. The application relates to compositions and methods for the treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. Such applications include, but are not limited to, the prophylactic or therapeutic use of protective sequences which, when introduced into a cell predisposed to undergo cell death or in the process of dying, to prevent, delay, or rescue a cell, cells, tissue, organs, or organisms from dying, as described below in Section 5.4.1.

[0144] Additionally, such applications include methods for the treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death, including, but not limited to, those associated with the central nervous system including neurological and psychiatric conditions, disorders, or diseases, and others as described below, in Section 5.4.1.1, and for the identification of compounds which modulate the expression of the protective sequence and/or the synthesis or activity of the protective sequence product, as described below, in Section 5.4.1. Such compounds can include, for example, other cellular products that are involved in such processes as the regulation of cell death. These compounds can be used, for example, in the amelioration of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death.

[0145] One example of the type of injury that can cause cell death in neuronal cells is stroke, which often is the result of ischemic injury. A relatively broad time window (8 hours to perhaps several days or longer) exists between the onset of ischemic injury (i.e. cessation or marked reduction in blood flow) before most neural cells actually die. There are many complex pathways and perhaps hundreds of different signaling molecules which are likely to be involved, leaving many different intervention points each with the potential to prevent, delay, arrest and reverse the cell death program. These delayed biochemical intervention points represent ideal clinical intervention points as they correspond to the time period during which most stroke patients present for medical treatment.

[0146] Many current medications for the treatment of stroke affect the physical and biochemical events that are acutely related to the initial onset of stroke, and, thus, must be administered soon after the biochemical cascades begin. These approaches all suffer from the necessity of administering the drugs within a very brief time window following a stroke. However, many stroke patients do not even realize that they have suffered from a stroke until a time point at which many of the current treatments are ineffective. This is because many stroke patients often do not present at the emergency room prior to the passing of at least 13 hours from the onset of the stroke. The methods and compounds of the present invention, however, can be administered during the broader time window between stroke and the onset of the pathways leading to cell death.

[0147] In addition to stroke, a variety of other conditions, disorders, and diseases lead to the activation of the same biochemical cascades which lead to neuronal cell death in stroke. There is growing evidence that numerous other disease states that induce cell death programs are related to those induced by stroke. Cell death programs have been increasingly implicated in Alzheimer's disease, a well-known neurodegenerative condition which leads to substantial loss of specific neuronal populations in the neocortex and hippocampus. Vascular dementia (multi-infarct dementia) is another disorder in which stroke-like cell death pathways are active. In vascular dementia, a repetitive process of small blood vessel diseases induces regional brain cell death, leading to a progressive loss of cognitive abilities. A partial list of other brain diseases which activate brain cell death pathways similar to those observed in stroke include, but are not limited to, Parkinson's disease, traumatic injury, Down's syndrome, Huntington's disease, HIV infection and intracranial infections.

[0148] One notable example from the preceding list is physical trauma to the nervous system. Although such trauma can be caused by a multitude of different physical insults to the head, neck, spine and other parts of the nervous system, all result in focal damage to, and death of, neural tissue and its component cells. Focally damaged areas behave similarly to stroke-induced infarcts in that a wider area of neural damage and death, a penumbra, is induced via biochemical and cellular mechanisms which are similar or identical to those occurring in stroke.

[0149] While, for clarity, the uses described in this section are primarily uses related to conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death, it is to be noted that each of the diagnostic and therapeutic treatments described herein can be additionally utilized in connection with other defects associated with the protective sequences of the invention.

[0150] Additionally, described herein are various applications of protective sequences, protective sequence products, genes, gene products, and/or their regulatory elements, including, but not limited to, prognostic and diagnostic evaluation of conditions, disorders, or diseases as described below in Section 5.4.1.1.

[0151] A variety of methods can be employed for the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death and for the identification of subjects having a predisposition to such conditions, disorders, or diseases.

[0152] Since protective sequences or protective sequence products need not normally be involved in all conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death, methods of the invention include, for example, modulating the expression of the protective sequence and/or the activity of the protective sequence product for the treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death which are normally mediated by some other gene.

[0153] For cell death related conditions, disorders, or diseases in which the protective sequences or protective sequence products are involved normally, such diagnostic and prognostic methods may, for example, utilize reagents such as the protective nucleic acids described in Section 5.1, and antibodies directed against protective sequence products, including peptide fragments thereof, as described, above, in Section 5.3.

[0154] Specifically, such reagents may be used, for example, for:

[0155] (1) the detection of the presence of protective sequence mutations, or the detection of either over- or under-expression of the protective sequence relative to wild-type levels of expression;

[0156] (2) the detection of over- or under-abundance of protective sequence products relative to wild-type abundance of the protective sequence product; and

[0157] (3) the detection of an aberrant level of protective sequence product activity relative to wild-type protective sequence product activity levels.

[0158] Protective nucleic acids can, for example, be used to diagnose a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death using, for example, the techniques for mutation/polymorphism detection described above in Section 5.1.

[0159] Mutations at a number of different genetic loci may lead to phenotypes related to conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. Ideally, the treatment of patients suffering from such conditions, disorders, or diseases will be designed to target the particular genetic loci containing the mutation mediating the condition, disorder, or disease. Genetic polymorphisms have been linked to differences in drug effectiveness. Thus, identification of alterations in protective sequence, protein or gene flanking regions can be utilized in pharmacogenetic methods to optimize therapeutic drug treatments.

[0160] In one embodiment of the present invention, therefore, alterations, i.e., polymorphisms, in the protective sequence or protein encoded by genes comprising such polymorphisms, are associated with a drug or drugs' efficacy, tolerance or toxicity, and may be used in pharmacogenomic methods to optimize therapeutic drug treatments, including therapeutic drug treatments for one of the conditions, disorders, or diseases described herein contained in Section 5.4.1.1, e.g., central nervous system conditions, disorders, or diseases. Such polymorphisms can be used, for example, to refine the design of drugs by decreasing the incidence of adverse events in drug tolerance studies, e.g., by identifying patient subpopulations of individuals who respond or do not respond to a particular drug therapy in efficacy studies, wherein the subpopulations have a polymorphism associated with drug responsiveness or unresponsiveness. The pharmacogenomic methods of the present invention also can provide tools to identify new drug targets for designing drugs and to optimize the use of already existing drugs, e.g., to increase the response rate to a drug and/or to identify and exclude non-responders from certain drug treatments (e.g., individuals having a particular polymorphism associated with unresponsiveness or inferior responsiveness to the drug treatment) or to decrease the undesirable side effects of certain drug treatments and/or to identify and exclude individuals with marked susceptibility to such side effects (e.g., individuals having a particular polymorphism associated with an undesirable side effect to the drug treatment).

[0161] In an embodiment of the present invention, polymorphisms in the protective sequence or flanking this sequence, or variations in protective sequence expression, or activity, e.g., variations due to altered methylation, differential splicing or post-translational modification of the protective sequence product, may be utilized to identify an individual having a disease or condition resulting from a disorder involving cell death and thus define the most effective and safest drug treatment. Assays such as those described herein may be used to identify such polymorphisms or variations in protective sequence expression or activity. Once a polymorphism in the protective sequence or in a flanking sequence in linkage disequilibrium with a disorder-causing allelle, or a variation in protective sequence expression has been identified in an individual, an appropriate drug treatment can be prescribed to the individual.

[0162] For the detection of protective sequence mutations or polymorphisms, any nucleated cell can be used as a starting source for genomic nucleic acid. For the detection of protective sequence expression or protective sequence products, any cell type or tissue in which the protective sequence is expressed may be utilized.

[0163] Nucleic acid-based detection techniques are described, below, in Section 5.4.1.4. Peptide detection techniques are described, below, in Section 5.4.1.5.

[0164] The methods described herein may be performed, for example, by utilizing pre-packaged diagnostic kits. The invention therefore also encompasses kits for detecting the presence of a polypeptide or nucleic acid of the invention in a biological sample (i.e., a test sample). Such kits can be used, e.g., to determine if a subject is suffering from or is at increased risk of developing a condition, disorder, or disease associated with a disorder-causing allele, or aberrant expression or activity of a polypeptide of the invention. For example, the kit can comprise a labeled compound or agent capable of detecting the polypeptide or mRNA or DNA or protective sequence sequences, e.g., encoding the polypeptide in a biological sample. The kit can comprise further a means for determining the amount of the polypeptide or mRNA in the sample (e.g., an antibody that binds the polypeptide or an oligonucleotide probe that binds to DNA or mRNA encoding the polypeptide). Kits can also include instructions for observing that the tested subject is suffering from, or is at risk of developing, a condition, disorder, or disease associated with aberrant expression of the polypeptide if the amount of the polypeptide or mRNA encoding the polypeptide is above or below a normal level, or if the DNA correlates with presence of an allele which causes a condition, disorder, or disease.

[0165] For antibody-based kits, the kit can comprise, for example: (1) a first antibody (e.g., attached to a solid support) which binds to a polypeptide of the invention; and, optionally, (2) a second, different antibody which binds to either the polypeptide or to the first antibody and is conjugated to a detectable agent.

[0166] For oligonucleotide-based kits, the kit can comprise, for example: (1) an oligonucleotide (e.g., a detectably labeled oligonucleotide) which hybridizes to a nucleic acid sequence encoding a polypeptide of the invention, or (2) a pair of primers useful for amplifying a nucleic acid molecule encoding a polypeptide of the invention.

[0167] The kit also can comprise, for example, one or more buffering agents, preservatives or protein stabilizing agents. The kit also can comprise components necessary for detecting the detectable agent (e.g., an enzyme or a substrate). The kit can contain also a control sample or a series of control samples that can be assayed and compared to the test sample. Each component of the kit usually is enclosed within an individual container and all of the various containers are within a single package along with instructions for observing whether the tested subject is suffering from or is at risk of developing a condition, disorder, or disease associated with polymorphisms which correlate with alleles which cause conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death, and/or aberrant levels of mRNA, polypeptides or activity.

[0168] Additionally, the application relates to the compositions and methods for the development of screening assays for the identification of compounds, described in Section 5.4.2 below, which interact with or modulate protective sequences, protective sequence products, genes, gene products, and/or their regulatory elements.

[0169] 5.4.1 Composition and Methods for the Treatment of Conditions, Disorders, or Diseases Involving Cell Death

[0170] This application relates to compositions and methods for the treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. Such applications include, but are not limited to, the prophylactic or therapeutic use of protective sequences, protective sequence products, genes, gene products, or the regulatory elements, target sequences, or variants of any of the aforementioned sequences or products, which, when introduced into a cell predisposed to undergo cell death or in the process of dying, prevent, delay, or rescue a cell, cells, tissue, organs, or organisms from dying. The application further relates to the methods and compositions whereby a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death, including but not limited to, the conditions, disorders, or diseases mentioned in Section 5.4.1.1, may be treated wherein such methods can comprise administering antibodies, antisense molecules or sequences, ribozyme molecules, or other inhibitors or modulators directed against such protective sequences, protective sequence products, genes, gene products, or the regulatory elements, target sequences, or variants of any of the aforementioned sequences or products.

[0171] The application relates to compositions and methods for those instances whereby the condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death results from protective sequence mutations, such methods can comprise supplying the subject with a nucleic acid molecule encoding an unimpaired protective sequence product such that an unimpaired protective sequence product is expressed and the cell, cells, tissue, organ, organism displaying symptoms of the condition, disorder, or disease is prevented, delayed, or rescued from death.

[0172] In another embodiment of methods for the treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death resulting from protective sequence mutations, such methods can comprise supplying the subject with a cell comprising a nucleic acid molecule which encodes an unimpaired protective sequence product such that the cell expresses the unimpaired protective sequence product and the cell, cells, tissue, organ, or organism displaying symptoms of the condition, disorder, or disease is prevented, delayed, or rescued from death.

[0173] In cases in which a loss of normal protective sequence product function results in the development of a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death, an increase in protective sequence product activity would facilitate progress towards an asymptomatic state in individuals exhibiting a deficient level of protective sequence expression and/or gene product activity. Methods for enhancing the expression or synthesis of protective sequence product can include, for example, methods such as those described below, in Section 5.4.1.3.

[0174] Alternatively, symptoms of a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death may be prevented, delayed, or rescued by administering a compound which decreases the level of protective sequence expression and/or gene product activity. Methods for inhibiting or reducing the level of protective sequence product synthesis or expression can include, for example, methods such as those described in Section 5.4.1.2.

[0175] In cases where the development of a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death is due to a sequence or gene other than a protective sequence, modulating, including but not limited to, mimicking, agonizing, or antagonizing the expression of a protective sequence and/or the activity of a protective sequence product, or their regulatory elements, can be used for the treatment of the condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death. This is because protective sequences are nucleic acid molecules comprising nucleic acid sequences which, when introduced into a cell predisposed to undergo cell death, prevent, delay, or rescue such cell death relative to a corresponding cell into which no exogenous protective sequence has been introduced.

[0176] The proteins and peptides which may be used in the methods of the invention include synthetic (e.g., recombinant or chemically synthesized) proteins and peptides, as well as naturally occurring proteins and peptides. The proteins and peptides may have both naturally occurring and non-naturally occurring amino acid residues (e.g., D-amino acid residues) and/or one or more non-peptide bonds (e.g., imino, ester, hydrazide, semicarbazide, and azo bonds). The proteins or peptides may also contain additional chemical groups (i.e., functional groups) present at the amino and/or carboxy termini, such that, for example, the stability, bioavailability, and/or inhibitory activity of the peptide is enhanced. Exemplary functional groups include hydrophobic groups (e.g. carbobenzoxyl, dansyl, and t-butyloxycarbonyl, groups), an acetyl group, a 9-fluorenylmethoxy-carbonyl group and macromolecular carrier groups (e.g., lipid-fatty acid conjugates, polyethylene glycol, or carbohydrates) including peptide groups. Additional proteins and peptides which may be used in the methods of the invention include those described in WO 99/59615, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0177] 5.4.1.1 Examples of Conditions, Disorders, or Diseases Involving Cell Death

[0178] The types of conditions, disorders, or diseases which can be prevented, delayed, or rescued by the compounds and methods of the present invention include, but are not limited to, those associated with the central nervous system including neurological and psychiatric conditions, disorders, or diseases; those of the peripheral nervous system; conditions, disorders, or diseases caused by physical injury; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the blood vessels or heart; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the respiratory system; neoplastic conditions, disorders, or diseases; conditions, disorders, or diseases of blood cells; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the gastrointestinal tract; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the liver; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the pancreas; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the kidney; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the ureters, urethra or bladder; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the male genital system; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the female genital tract; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the breast; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the endocrine system; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the thymus or pineal gland; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the skin or mucosa; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the musculoskeletal system; conditions, disorders, or diseases causing a fluid or hemodynamic derangement; inherited conditions, disorders, or diseases; conditions, disorders, or diseases of the immune system or spleen; conditions, disorders, or diseases caused by a nutritional disease; and conditions, disorders, or diseases typically occurring in infancy or childhood.

[0179] Conditions, disorders, or diseases involving the central nervous system include, but are not limited to, common pathophysiologic complications such as increased intracraneal pressure and cerebral herniation, septic embolism, cerebral edema, suppurative endovasculitis and hydrocephalus; infections such as meningitis, acute meningitis, acute lymphocytic meningitis, chronic meningitis, purulent meningitis, syphilitic gumma, encephalitis, cerebral abscess, epidural abscess, subdural abscess, brain abscess, viral encephalitis, acute viral encephalitis, encephalomeningitis, aseptic meningitis, post-infectious encephalitis, subacute encephalitis, chronic encephalitis, chronic meningitis, chronic encephalomeningitis, slow virus diseases and unconventional agent encephalopathies; protozoal infections such as malaria, toxoplasmosis, amebiasis and trypanosomiasis; rickettsial infections such as typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever; metazoal infections such as echinococcosis and cysticercosis; vascular diseases such as ischemic encephalopathy, cerebral infarction, intracranial hemorrhage, intraparenchymal hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, mixed intraparenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrhage; conditions involving the eye such as macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity, retinitis pigmentosa, diabetic retinopathy, or other traumatic injuries to the retina or optic nerve; trauma such as epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, parenchymal injuries; tumors such as primary intrachranial tumors, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma and meningioma; degenerative diseases such as Altzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinsonism, idiopathic Parkinson's disease and motor neuron disease; demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis; nutritional, environmental and metabolic conditions, disorders, or diseases.

[0180] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the peripheral nervous system include, but are not limited to, peripheral neuropathy, acute idiopathic polyneuropathy, diabetic neuropathy and peripheral nerve tumors.

[0181] Conditions, disorders, or diseases caused by physical injury include, but are not limited to, the direct, indirect, immediate, or delayed effects of: changes in temperature such as frostbite and thermal burns; an increase in atmospheric pressure such as air blast or immersion blast caused by an explosion; a decrease in atmospheric pressure such as caisson disease or high-altitude hypoxia; mechanical violence from penetrating or non-penetrating traumatic injury; electromechanical energy such as radiation injury from either charged particles or electromagnetic waves; electrocution or non-ionizing radiation such as radio waves, microwaves, laser light or ultrasound.

[0182] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the blood vessels or heart include, but are not limited to, hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure; ischemic or atherosclerotic heart disease; myocardial infarction; cardiac arrest; hypertensive heart disease; cor pulmonale; valvular heart disease such as that caused by rheumatic fever, aortic valve stenosis, mitral annulus calcification, carcinoid heart disease, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, or nonbacterial verrucous endocarditis; infectious endocarditis caused by organisms including, but not limited to, Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus species, enterococci, pneumococci, gram-negative rods, Candida species, Aspergillus species, or culture-negative endocarditis; congenital heart disease such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosis, coarctation of the aorta, Tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, pulmonary stenosis or atresia, aortic stenosis or atresia, bicuspid aortic valve, or hypoplastic left heart syndrome; cardiomyopathy; pericarditis; pericardial effusion; rheumatoid heart disease; congenital anomalies of the blood vessels; arteriosclerosis including, but not limited to atherosclerosis, Monckeberg's medial calcific stenosis, hyaline arteriosclerosis, or hyperplastic arteriosclerosis; one or more of the vasculidities including, but not limited to, polyarteritis nodosa, hypersensitivity angiitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, giant cell (temporal) arteritis, Takayasu's arteritis, Kawasaki's disease, thromboangiitis obliterans, infectious vasculitis, Raynaud's disease; arteriosclerotic aortic aneurysm; syphilitic aortic aneurysm; dissecting aortic aneurysm; varicose veins; thrombophlebitis; lymphangitis; lymphedema; telangiectases; or arteriovenous malformations (AVM).

[0183] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the respiratory system include, but are not limited to, pulmonary congestion; heart failure; embolism; infarction; pulmonary hypertension; adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); obstructive lung disease; restrictive lung disease; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; asthma; sarcoidosis; diffuse interstitial or infiltrative lung diseases including, but not limited to, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Goodpasture's syndrome, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, collagen-vascular diseases, or pulmonary eosinophilia; serofibrinous pleuritis; suppurative pleuritis; hemorrhagic pleuritis; pleural effusions; pneumothorax; hemothorax or pneumohemothorax.

[0184] Neoplastic conditions, disorders, or diseases include, but are not limited to, benign tumors composed of one parenchymal cell type such as fibromas, myxomas, lipomas, hemangiomas, meningiomas, leiomyomas, adenomas, nevi, moles, or papillomas; benign mixed tumors derived from one germ layer such as a mixed tumor of salivary gland origin; benign mixed tumors derived from more than one germ layer such as a teratoma; primary malignant tumors or metastases of malignant tumors composed of one parenchymal cell type such as sarcomas, Ewing's tumor, leukemia, myeloma, histiocytosis X, Hodgkin's disease, lymphomas, carcinomas, melanomas, bronchial adenoma, small cell lung cancer, or seminoma; primary malignant tumors or metastases of mixed malignant tumors derived from one germ layer such as Wilms' tumor or malignant mixed salivary gland tumor; primary malignant tumor or metastases of mixed malignant tumors derived from one germ layer such as malignant teratoma or teratocarcinoma; undifferentiated benign tumor or undifferentiated malignant tumor.

[0185] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of blood cells include, but are not limited to, anemia due to one or more of the following conditions: acute blood loss, chronic blood loss, hemolytic anemia, sickle cell disease, thalassemia syndromes, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, traumatic anemia, or diminished erythropoesis from megaloblastic anemia, iron deficiency, aplastic anemia, idiopathic bone marrow failure; polycythemia; hemorrhagic diatheses related to increased vascular fragility; hemorrhagic diatheses related to a reduction in platelets; idiopathic or thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; hemorrhagic diatheses related to defective platelet function; hemorrhagic diatheses related to abnormalities in clotting factor(s); disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); neutropenia; agranulocytosis; leukocytosis; plasma cell dyscrasias such as myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, or heavy-chain disease; or histiocytosis.

[0186] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the gastrointestinal tract include, but are not limited to, congenital anomalies such as atresia, fistulas, or stenosis; periodontal disease; periapical disease; xerostomia; necrotizing sialometaplasia; esophageal rings or webs; hernia; Mallory-Weiss syndrome; esophagitis; diverticulosis; diverticulitis; scleroderma; esophageal varices; acute or chronic gastritis; peptic ulcer; gastric erosion or ulceration; ischemic bowel disease; infarction; embolism; Crohn's disease; obstruction from foreign bodies, hernia, adhesion, intussusception, or volvulus; ileus; megacolon; angoidysplasia; ulcerative colitis; psuedomembranous colitis; or polyps.

[0187] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the liver include, but are not limited to, acute hepatic failure due to one of more of metabolic, circulatory, toxic, microbial, or neoplastic causes; chronic hepatic failure due to one or more of metabolic, circulatory, toxic, microbial, or neoplastic causes; hereditary hyperbilirubinemias; infarct; embolism; hepatic circulation thrombosis or obstruction; fulminant hepatic necrosis; portal hypertension; alcoholic liver disease; post-necrotic cirrhosis; biliary cirrhosis; cirrhosis associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency; Wilson's disease; or Reye's syndrome.

[0188] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the pancreas include, but are not limited to, congenital aberrant pancreas, congenital anomalies of pancreatic ducts, stromal fatty infiltration, pancreatic atrophy, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, chronic calcifying pancreatitis, chronic obstructive pancreatitis, pancreatic psuedocyst, diabetes mellitus, or gestational diabetes.

[0189] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the kidney include, but are not limited to, congenital anomalies; polycystic renal disease; dialysis-associated cystic disease; glomerular disease, including, but not limited to, acute glomerulonephritis, acute proliferative glomerulonephritis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, postinfectious rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, membranous glomerulonephritis, lipoid nephrosis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, focal proliferative glomerulonephritis, chronic glomerulonephritis, or hereditary nephritis; acute tubular necrosis; acute renal failure; tubulointerstitial diseases including, but not limited to, pyelonephritis, drug-induced interstitial nephritis, analgesic nephritis, urate nephropathy, hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis, hypokalemic nephropathy, myeloma-induced tubulointerstitial disease, radiation nephritis, immunologically medicated tubulointerstitial disease; hypertension; malignant hypertension; renal artery stenosis; renal diseases secondary to microangiopathic hemolytic anemia; atheroembolic renal disease; sickle cell disease nephropathy; diffuse cortical necrosis; renal infarcts; obstructive uropathy; or urolithiasis.

[0190] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the ureters, urethra or bladder include, but are not limited to, congenital anomalies; inflammatory diseases; physical obstruction by causes including, but not limited to calculi, strictures, neoplasia, blood clot, or pregnancy; sclerosing retroperitonitis; acute cystitis; chronic cystitis; interstitial cystitis; emphysematous cystitis; eosinophilic cystitis; encrusted cystitis; fistula; or neurogenic bladder.

[0191] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the male genital system include, but are not limited to, congenital anomalies; balanoposthitis; condyloma; phimosis; paraphimosis; dysplastic epithelial lesions; nonspecific epididymitis or orchitis; granulomatous orchitis; torsion of the testis or its vascular supply; granulomatous prostatitis; acute or chronic prostatitis; or benign prostatic hyperplasia.

[0192] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the female genital tract include, but are not limited to, congenital anomalies, lichen scleroses, acute cervicitis, chronic cervicitis, cervical polyps; acute endometritis; chronic endometritis; endometriosis; dysfunctional uterine bleeding; endometrial hyperplasia; senile cystic endometrial atrophy; salpingitis; polycystic ovary disease; pre-eclampsia or eclampsia (toxemia of pregnancy); placentitis; threatened abortion; or ectopic pregnancy.

[0193] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the breast include, but are not limited to, congenital anomalies, acute mastitis, chronic mastitis, galactocele, granulomas, traumatic fat necrosis, mammary duct ectasia, fibrocystic disease, sclerosing adenitis, epithelial hyperplasia, hypertrophy, or gynecomastia.

[0194] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the endocrine system include, but are not limited to, congenital anomalies; Sheehan's pituitary necrosis; empty sella syndrome; hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) from causes including, but not limited to, Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma, acute or subacute thyroiditis, TSH-secreting tumor, neonatal thyrotoxicosis, iatrogenic thyrotoxicosis; Hashimoto's thyroiditis; hypothyroidism (cretinism or myxedema) from causes including, but not limited to, surgical or radioactive ablation, primary idiopathic myxedema, iodine deficiency, goitrogenic agents, hypopituitarism, hypothalamic lesions, TSH resistance, subacute thyroiditis, or chronic thyroiditis; diffuse nontoxic simple or multinodular goiter; multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes; primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism; chief cell hyperplasia; clear cell hyperplasia; hypoparathyroidism; pseudo- and pseudopseudohypoparathyrodism; Addison's disease; Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome; secondary adrenocortical insufficiency; Cushing's syndrome; Conn's syndrome; or congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

[0195] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the skin or mucosa include, but are not limited to, melanocytic proliferative disorders; inflammatory dermatoses including, but not limited to, eczematous dermatitis, urticaria, erythema multiforme, cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis, cutaneous lupus erythematosus, graft-versus-host disease, panniculitis, acne vulgaris, rosacea, lichen planus, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, pityriasis, psoriasis, or parapsoriasis; blistering diseases including, but not limited to, pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, or porphyria.

[0196] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the musculoskeletal system include, but are not limited to, muscular atrophy; segmental necrosis; myositis; muscular dystrophy, including, but not limited to, Duchenne type, Becker type, Fascioscapulohumeral, Limb-Girdle, myotonic dystrophy, or ocular myopathy; congenital myopathies; myasthenia gravis; traumatic myositis ossificans; nodular fasciitis; desmoid tumors; palmar fibromatosis; congenital bone disorders including, but not limited to, osteogenesis imperfecta, achondroplasia, osteopetrosis, osteochondromatosis, endochondromatosis; osteomyelitis; fractures; osteoporosis; osteomalacia; bony changes secondary to hyperparathyroidism; Paget's disease; hypertrophic osteoarthropathy; fibrous dysplasia; or nonossifying fibroma.

[0197] Conditions, disorders, or diseases causing a fluid or hemodynamic derangement include, but are not limited to, systemic edema; anasarca; edema from increased hydrostatic pressure including, but not limited to congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, constrictive pericarditis, venous obstruction; edema from reduced oncotic pressure including, but not limited to, cirrhosis of the liver, malnutrition, protein-losing renal disease, protein-losing gastroenteropathy, protein loss through increased vascular permeability; edema from lymphatic obstruction including, but not limited to, cancer, inflammatory injury, surgical injury, traumatic injury, or radiation injury; edema from increased osmotic tension in the interstitial fluid including, but not limited to, sodium retention from excessive salt intake or increased renal sodium retention, reduced renal perfusion, acute or chronic renal failure, acute or chronic renal insufficiency; edema from increased endothelial permeability including, but not limited to, inflammation, shock, burns, trauma, allergic reaction, immunologic reaction, or adult respiratory distress syndrome; ascites; pericardial effusion; hydrothorax; hyperemia; hemorrhage; mural thrombus or occlusive thrombus diminishing or obstructing vascular flow; phlebothrombosis; blood clot; embolism; thromboembolism; disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); amniotic fluid infusion; amniotic fluid embolism; systemic embolism disease; septic embolism; fat embolism; pulmonary embolism; air gas embolism (caisson disease or decompression sickness); anemic (white) infarction; hemorrhagic (red) infarction; cerebral infarction; septic infarction; ischemia; cardiogenic shock from conditions including, but not limited to, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, cardiac rupture, cardiac tamponade, pulmonary embolism, cardiac valvular obstruction, or cardiac arrhythmias; hypovolemic shock from conditions including, but not limited to, hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, diaphoresis, extensive injury to bone or soft tissues, burns, or accumulation of intraperitoneal fluid; shock due to peripheral blood pooling from conditions including, but not limited to, spinal cord injury, general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, local anesthesia, drug-induced ganglionic or adrenergic blockade, gram-negative septicemia, or gram-positive septicemia; anaphylaxis, or disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).

[0198] Inherited conditions, disorders, or diseases include, but are not limited to, Down's syndrome, Edwards' syndrome, Patau's syndrome, other trisomies, Cri du Chat syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, XYY syndrome, Turner's syndrome, Multi-X female syndrome, hermaphrodism or pseudohermaphrodism, Marfan's syndrome, neurofibromatosis, vonHippel-Lindau disease, familial hypercholesterolemia, albinism, alkaptonuria, Fabry's disease, Fragile-X syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, inherited neoplastic syndromes, inherited autosomal dominant conditions, Huntington's disease, Alport's disease, sickle-cell disease, thalessemia, tuberous sclerosis, vonWillebrand's disease, polycystic kidney disease, Pompe's disease, GM1-gangliosidosis; Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff-Jatzkewitz disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, multiple sufatase deficiency, Krabbe's disease, Gaucher's disease, Niemann-Pick disease, all types of mucopolysaccharidoses, I-cell disease, Hurler's polydystrophy, fucosidosis, mannosidosis, aspartylglycosaminuria, Wolman's disease, or acid phosphatase deficiency, inherited autosomal recessive conditions, inherited sex-linked conditions.

[0199] Conditions, disorders, or diseases of the immune system or spleen include, but are not limited to, Type I hypersensitivity conditions (anaphylaxis and other basophil or mast cell mediated conditions), Type II hypersensitivity conditions (cytotoxic conditions involving phagocytosis or lysis of target cell), Type III hypersensitivity conditions (immune complex conditions involving antigen-antibody complexes), Type IV hypersensitivity conditions (cell-mediated conditions), transplant rejection, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, CREST, scleroderma, polymyositis-dermatomyositis, mixed connective tissue disease, polyarteritis nodosa, amyloidosis, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, common variable immunodeficiency, isolated IgA deficiency, DiGeorge's syndrome, severe combined immunodeficiency, Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome, infection with HIV virus, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), congenital anomalies of the immune system, hypersplenism, splenomegaly, congenital anomalies of the spleen, congestive splenomegaly, infarcts, or splenic rupture.

[0200] Conditions, disorders, or diseases caused by a nutritional disease include, but are not limited to, marasmus, kwashiorkor, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency or toxicity (Vitamins A, D, E, or K), water-soluble vitamin deficiency or toxicity (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, Vitamin C), mineral deficiency or toxicity (iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, zinc, copper, iodine, cobalt, chromium, selenium, nickel, vanadium, manganese, molybdenum, rickets, osteomalacia, beriberi, hypoprothrombinemia, pellagra, megaloblastic anemia, scurvy, pernicious anemia, lack of gastric intrinsic factor, removal or pathophysiological functioning in the terminal ileum, microcytic anemia, or obesity.

[0201] Conditions, disorders, or diseases typically occurring in infancy or childhood include, but are not limited to, preterm birth, congenital malformations from genetic causes, congenital malformations from infectious causes, congenital malformations from toxic or teratogenic causes, congenital malformations from radiation, congenital malformations from idiopathic causes, small for gestational age infants, perinatal trauma, perinatal asphyxia, perinatal ischemia or hypoxia, birth injury, intracranial hemorrhage, deformations, respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, atelectasis, hemolytic disease of the newborn, kernicterus, hydrops fetalis, congenital anemia of the newborn, icterus gravis, phenylketonuria, galactosemia, cystic fibrosis, hamartoma, or choristoma.

[0202] In another embodiment, the compounds and methods of the invention can be used to treat infections that cause cell death. The infections may be caused by bacteria; viruses; members of the family rickettsiae or chlamydia; fungi, yeast, hyphae or pseudohyphae; prions; protozoas; or metazoas.

[0203] Examples of aerobic or anaerobic bacteria which may cause such infections include, but are not limited to, gram-positive cocci, gram-positive bacilli (gram-positive rods), gram-negative cocci, gram-negative bacilli (gram-negative rods), Mycoplasma species, Ureaplasma species, Treponema species, Leptospira species, Borrelia species, Vibrio species, Mycobacteria species, members of Actinomycetes or L-forms (cell-wall deficient forms).

[0204] Examples of DNA, RNA or both DNA and RNA viruses which may cause such infections include, but are not limited to, members of the families adenoviridae, parvoviridae, papovaviridae, herpesviridae, poxviridae, picornaviridae, orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae, rhabdoviridae, bunyaviridae, arenaviridae, coronaviridae, retroviridae, reoviridae, togaviridae and caliciviridae.

[0205] Examples of members of the families rickettsiae or chlamydiae which may cause such infections include, but are not limited to, Rickettsia species, Rochalimaea species, Coxiella species or Chlamydia species.

[0206] Examples of fungi, yeast, hyphae or pseudohyphae which may cause such infections include, but are not limited to, members of Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, or Deutoeromycota (Fungi Imperfecti); Candida species, Cryptococcus species, Torulopsis species, Rhodotorula species, Sporothrix species, Phialophora species, Cladosporium species, Xylohypha species, Blastomyces species, Histoplasma species, Coccidioides species, Paracoccidioides species, Geotrichum species, Aspergillus species, Rhizopus species, Mucor species, Pseudoallescheria species or Absidia species.

[0207] Examples of prions which may cause such infections include, but are not limited to, the causative agent of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, the causative agent of Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Disease, the causative agent of fatal familial insomnia, the causative agent of kuru, and the causative agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

[0208] Examples of protozoa at any point in their life cycle which may cause such infections include, but are not limited to, Entamoeba species, Naegleria species, Acanthamoeba species, Pneumocystis species, Balantidium species, members of order Leptomyxida, Plasmodium species, Toxoplasma species, Leishmania species and Trypanosoma species.

[0209] Examples of metazoa at any point in their life cycle which may cause such infections include, but are not limited to, members of Platyhelminthes such as the organisms in Cestoda (tapeworms) or Trematoda (flukes); or members of Aschelminthes such as the organisms in Acanthocephala, Chaetognatha, Cycliophora, Gastrotricha, Nematoda or Rotifera.

[0210] In a further embodiment, the compounds and methods of the invention can be used to treat infections or disorders which cause cell death in organ systems including, but not limited to, blood vessels, heart, red blood cells, white blood cells, lymph nodes, spleen, respiratory system, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, liver and biliary tract, pancreas, kidney, lower urinary tract, upper urinary tract and bladder, male sexual organs and genitalia, female sexual organs and genitalia, breast, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, parathyroid gland, skin, musculoskeletal system, bone marrow or bones.

[0211] In a further embodiment, the compounds and methods of the invention can be used to treat further physiological impacts on organs caused by the infections which induce cell death including, but not limited to, fever equal to or greater than 101.5 degrees Fahrenheit, a decrease or increase in pulse rate by more than 20 beats per minute, a decrease or increase in supine systolic blood pressure by more than 30 millimeters of mercury, an increase or decrease in respiratory rate by more than 8 breaths per minute, an increase or decrease in blood pH by more than 0.10 pH units, an increase or decrease in one or more serum electrolytes outside of the clinical laboratory's usual reference range, an increase or decrease in the partial pressure of arterial oxygen or carbon dioxide outside of the clinical laboratory's usual reference range, an increase or decrease in white or red blood cells outside of the laboratory's usual reference range, an acute confusional state such as delirium where delirium is defined by the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-IV Manual or a diminished level of consciousness or attention.

[0212] 5.4.1.2 Modulatory Antisense, Ribozyme and Triple Helix Approaches

[0213] In another embodiment, the types of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death which may be prevented, delayed, or rescued by modulating protective sequence expression, protective sequence product activity, or their regulatory elements by using protective sequences in conjunction with well-known antisense, gene “knock-out,” ribozyme and/or triple helix methods, are described. Among the compounds which may exhibit the ability to modulate the activity, expression or synthesis of the protective sequence, the protective sequence product, or its regulatory elements, including the ability to prevent, delay, or rescue a cell, cells, tissue, organ, or organism from the symptoms of a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death are antisense, ribozyme and triple helix molecules. Such molecules may be designed to modulate, reduce or inhibit either unimpaired, or if appropriate, mutant protective sequence activity. Techniques for the production and use of such molecules are well known to those of skill in the art.

[0214] Antisense RNA and DNA molecules act to directly block the translation of mRNA by hybridizing to targeted mRNA and preventing protein translation. Antisense approaches involve the design of oligonucleotides which are complementary to a protective sequence mRNA. The antisense oligonucleotides will bind to the complementary protective sequence mRNA transcripts and prevent translation. Absolute complementarity, although preferred, is not required.

[0215] A sequence “complementary” to a portion of an RNA, as referred to herein, means a sequence having sufficient complementarity to be able to hybridize with the RNA, forming a stable duplex; in the case of double-stranded antisense nucleic acids, a single strand of the duplex DNA may thus be tested, or triplex formation may be assayed. The ability to hybridize will depend on both the degree of complementarity and the length of the antisense nucleic acid. Generally, the longer the hybridizing nucleic acid, the more base mismatches with an RNA it may contain and still form a stable duplex (or triplex, as the case may be). One skilled in the art can ascertain a tolerable degree of mismatch by use of standard procedures to determine the melting point of the hybridized complex.

[0216] In one embodiment, oligonucleotides complementary to non-coding regions of the protective sequence of interest could be used in an antisense approach to inhibit translation of endogenous mRNA. Antisense nucleic acids should be at least six nucleotides in length, and are preferably oligonucleotides ranging from 6 to about 50 nucleotides in length. In specific aspects, the oligonucleotide is at least 10 nucleotides, at least 17 nucleotides, at least 25 nucleotides or at least 50 nucleotides.

[0217] Regardless of the choice of target sequence, it is preferred that in vitro studies are first performed to quantitate the ability of the antisense oligonucleotide to inhibit protective sequence expression. It is preferred that these studies utilize controls that distinguish between antisense gene inhibition and nonspecific biological effects of oligonucleotides. It is also preferred that these studies compare levels of the cerebral RNA or protein with that of an internal control RNA or protein. Additionally, it is envisioned that results obtained using the antisense oligonucleotide are compared with those obtained using a control oligonucleotide. It is preferred that the control oligonucleotide is of approximately the same length as the test oligonucleotide and that the nucleic acid of the oligonucleotide differs from the antisense sequence no more than is necessary to prevent specific hybridization to the target sequence.

[0218] The oligonucleotides can be DNA or RNA or chimeric mixtures or derivatives or modified versions thereof, single-stranded or double-stranded. The oligonucleotide can be modified at the base moiety, sugar moiety, or phosphate backbone, for example, to improve stability of the molecule, hybridization, etc. The oligonucleotide may include other appended groups such as peptides (e.g., for targeting host cell receptors in vivo), or agents facilitating transport across the cell membrane (see, e.g., Letsinger, et al., 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86:6553-6556; Lemaitre, et al., 1987, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84:648-652; PCT Publication No. WO88/09810, published Dec. 15, 1988) or the blood-brain barrier (see, e.g., PCT Publication No. WO89/10134, published Apr. 25, 1988), hybridization-triggered cleavage agents (see, e.g., Krol et al., 1988, BioTechniques 6:958-976) or intercalating agents (see, e.g., Zon, 1988, Pharm. Res. 5:539-549). To this end, the oligonucleotide may be conjugated to another molecule, e.g., a peptide, hybridization triggered cross-linking agent, transport agent, hybridization-triggered cleavage agent, etc.

[0219] The antisense oligonucleotide may comprise at least one modified base moiety which is selected from the group including but not limited to 5-fluorouracil, 5-bromouracil, 5-chlorouracil, 5-iodouracil, hypoxanthine, xanthine, 4-acetylcytosine, 5-(carboxyhydroxylmethyl) uracil, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine, 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluracil, dihydrouracil, beta-D-galactosylqueosine, inosine, N6-isopentenyladenine, 1-methylguanine, 1-methylinosine, 2,2-dimethylguanine, 2-methyladenine, 2-methylguanine, 3-methylcytosine, 5-methylcytosine, N6-adenine, 7-methylguanine, 5-methylaminomethyluracil, 5-methoxyaminomethyl-2-thiouracil, beta-D-mannosylqueosine, 5′-methoxycarboxymethyluracil, 5-methoxyuracil, 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenine, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid (v), wybutoxosine, pseudouracil, queosine, 2-thiocytosine, 5-methyl-2-thiouracil, 2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil, 5-methyluracil, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid methylester, uracil-5-oxyacetic acid (v), 5-methyl-2-thiouracil, 3-(3-amino-3-N-2-carboxypropyl) uracil, (acp3)w, and 2,6-diaminopurine.

[0220] The antisense oligonucleotide may also comprise at least one modified sugar moiety selected from the group including but not limited to arabinose, 2-fluoroarabinose, xylulose, and hexose.

[0221] In yet another embodiment, the antisense oligonucleotide comprises at least one modified phosphate backbone selected from the group consisting of a phosphorothioate, a pbosphorodithioate, a phosphoramidothioate, a phosphoramidate, a phosphordiamidate, a methylphosphonate, an alkyl phosphotriester, and a formacetal or analog thereof.

[0222] In yet another embodiment, the antisense oligonucleotide is an α-anomeric oligonucleotide. An α-anomeric oligonucleotide forms specific double-stranded hybrids with complementary RNA in which, contrary to the usual β-units, the strands run parallel to each other (Gautier, et al., 1987, Nucl. Acids Res. 15:6625-6641). The oligonucleotide is a 2′-0-methylribonucleotide (Inoue, et al., 1987, Nucl. Acids Res. 15:6131-6148), or a chimeric RNA-DNA analogue (Inoue, et al, 1987, FEBS Lett. 215:327-330).

[0223] Oligonucleotides of the invention may be synthesized by standard methods known in the art, e.g., by use of an automated DNA synthesizer (such as are commercially available from Biosearch, Applied Biosystems, etc.). As examples, phosphorothioate oligonucleotides may be synthesized by the method of Stein, et al. (1988, Nucl. Acids Res. 16:3209), methylphosphonate oligonucleotides can be prepared by use of controlled pore glass polymer supports (Sarin, et al., 1988, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85:7448-745 1), etc.

[0224] While antisense nucleotides complementary to the protective sequence coding region sequence could be used, those complementary to the transcribed, untranslated region are most preferred.

[0225] Antisense molecules should be delivered to cells that express the protective sequence in vivo. A number of methods have been developed for delivering antisense DNA or RNA to cells; e.g., antisense molecules can be injected directly into the tissue site, or modified antisense molecules, designed to target the desired cells (e.g., antisense linked to peptides or antibodies which specifically bind receptors or antigens expressed on the target cell surface) can be administered systemically.

[0226] A preferred approach to achieve intracellular concentrations of the antisense sufficient to suppress translation of endogenous mRNAs utilizes a recombinant DNA construct in which the antisense oligonucleotide is placed under the control of a strong pol III or pol II promoter. The use of such a construct to transfect target cells in the patient will result in the transcription of sufficient amounts of single stranded RNAs which will form complementary base pairs with the endogenous protective sequence transcripts and thereby prevent translation of the protective sequence mRNA. For example, a vector can be introduced e.g., such that it is taken up by a cell and directs the transcription of an antisense RNA. Such a vector can remain episomal or become chromosomally integrated, as long as it can be transcribed to produce the desired antisense RNA. Such vectors can be constructed by recombinant DNA technology methods standard in the art. Vectors can be plasmid, viral, or others known in the art, used for replication and expression in mammalian cells. Expression of the sequence encoding the antisense RNA can be by any promoter known in the art to act in mammalian, preferably human cells. Such promoters can be inducible or constitutive. Such promoters include but are not limited to: the SV40 early promoter region (Bemoist and Chambon, 1981, Nature 290:304-310), the promoter contained in the 3′-long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus (Yamamoto, et al., 1980, Cell 22:787-797), the herpes thymidine kinase promoter (Wagner, et al., 1981, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:1441-1445), the regulatory sequences of the metallothionein gene (Brinster, et al., 1982, Nature 296:39-42), etc. Any type of plasmid, cosmid, YAC or viral vector can be used to prepare the recombinant DNA construct that can be introduced directly into the tissue site. Alternatively, viral vectors can be used that selectively infect the desired tissue, in which case administration may be accomplished by another route (e.g., systemically).

[0227] Ribozyme molecules designed to catalytically cleave target gene mRNA transcripts can also be used to prevent translation of target gene mRNA and, therefore, expression of target gene product. (See, e.g., PCT International Publication WO90/11364, published Oct. 4, 1990; Sarver, et al., 1990, Science 247, 1222-1225).

[0228] Ribozymes are enzymatic RNA molecules capable of catalyzing the specific cleavage of RNA. (For a review, see Rossi, 1994, Current Biology 4:469-471). The mechanism of ribozyme action involves sequence specific hybridization of the ribozyme molecule to complementary target RNA, followed by an endonucleolytic cleavage event. The composition of ribozyme molecules must include one or more sequences complementary to the target gene mRNA, and must include the well known catalytic sequence responsible for mRNA cleavage. For this sequence, see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,093,246, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0229] While ribozymes that cleave mRNA at site specific recognition sequences can be used to destroy target gene mRNAs, the use of hammerhead ribozymes is preferred. Hammerhead ribozymes cleave mRNAs at locations dictated by flanking regions which form complementary base pairs with the target mRNA. The sole requirement is that the target mRNA have the following sequence of two bases: 5′-UG-3′. The construction and production of hammerhead ribozymes is well known in the art and is described more fully in Myers, 1995, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Desk Reference, VCH Publishers, New York, (see especially FIG. 4, page 833) and in Haseloff and Gerlach, 1988, Nature, 334:585-591, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0230] Preferably the ribozyme is engineered so that the cleavage recognition site is located near the 5′ end of the target gene mRNA, i.e., to increase efficiency and minimize the intracellular accumulation of non-functional mRNA transcripts.

[0231] The ribozymes of the present invention also include RNA endoribonucleases (hereinafter “Cech-type ribozymes”) such as the one which occurs naturally in Tetrahymena thermophila (known as the IVS, or L-1 9IVS RNA) and which has been extensively described by Thomas Cech and collaborators (Zaug, et al., 1984, Science, 224:574-578; Zaug and Cech, 1986, Science, 231:470-475; Zaug, et al., 1986, Nature, 324:429-433; published International patent application No. WO 88/04300 by University Patents Inc.; Been and Cech, 1986, Cell, 47:207-216). The Cech-type ribozymes have an eight base pair active site that hybridizes to a target RNA sequence whereafter cleavage of the target RNA takes place. The invention encompasses those Cech-type ribozymes that target eight base-pair active site sequences that are present in the target gene.

[0232] As in the antisense approach, the ribozymes can be composed of modified oligonucleotides (e.g., for improved stability, targeting, etc.) and should be delivered to cells that express the target gene in vivo. A preferred method of delivery involves using a DNA construct “encoding” the ribozyme under the control of a strong constitutive pol III or pol II promoter, so that transfected cells will produce sufficient quantities of the ribozyme to destroy endogenous target gene messages and inhibit translation. Because ribozymes, unlike antisense molecules, are catalytic, a lower intracellular concentration is required for efficiency.

[0233] Endogenous target gene expression can also be reduced by inactivating or “knocking out” the target gene or its promoter using targeted homologous recombination (e.g., see Smithies, et al., 1985, Nature 317:230-234; Thomas and Capecchi, 1987, Cell 51:503-512; Thompson, et al., 1989, Cell 5:313-321; each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety). For example, a mutant, non-functional target gene (or a completely unrelated DNA sequence) flanked by DNA homologous to the endogenous target gene (either the coding regions or regulatory regions of the target gene) can be used, with or without a selectable marker and/or a negative selectable marker, to transfect cells which express the target gene in vivo. Insertion of the DNA construct, via targeted homologous recombination, results in inactivation of the target gene. Such approaches are particularly suited in the agricultural field where modifications to ES (embryonic stem) cells can be used to generate animal offspring with an inactive target gene (e.g., see Thomas and Capecchi, 1987 and Thompson, 1989, supra). However this approach can be adapted for use in humans provided the recombinant DNA constructs are directly administered or targeted to the required site in vivo using appropriate viral vectors.

[0234] Alternatively, endogenous target gene expression can be reduced by targeting deoxyribonucleotide sequences complementary to the regulatory region of the target gene (i.e., the target gene promoter and/or enhancers) to form triple helical structures which prevent transcription of the target gene in target cells in the body. (See generally, Helene, 1991, Anticancer Drug Des., 6(6):569-584; Helene, et al., 1992, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 660:27-36; and Maher, 1992, Bioassays 14(12):807-815).

[0235] Nucleic acid molecules to be used in triple helix formation for the inhibition of transcription should be single stranded and composed of deoxynucleotides. The base composition of these oligonucleotides must be designed to promote triple helix formation via Hoogsteen base pairing rules, which generally require sizable stretches of either purines or pyrimidines to be present on one strand of a duplex. Nucleic acids may be pyrimidine-based, which will result in TAT and CGC⁺ triplets across the three associated strands of the resulting triple helix. The pyrimidine-rich molecules provide base complementarity to a purine-rich region of a single strand of the duplex in a parallel orientation to that strand. In addition, nucleic acid molecules may be chosen which are purine-rich, for example, contain a stretch of G residues. These molecules will form a triple helix with a DNA duplex that is rich in GC pairs, in which the majority of the purine residues are located on a single strand of the targeted duplex, resulting in GGC triplets across the three strands in the triplex.

[0236] Alternatively, the potential sequences that can be targeted for triple helix formation may be increased by creating a so-called “switchback” nucleic acid molecule. Switchback molecules are synthesized in an alternating 5′-3′, 3′-5′ manner, such that they base pair with first one strand of a duplex and then the other, eliminating the necessity for a sizable stretch of either purines or pyrimidines to be present on one strand of a duplex.

[0237] In instances wherein the antisense, ribozyme, and/or triple helix molecules described herein are utilized to inhibit mutant gene expression, it is possible that the technique may so efficiently reduce or inhibit the transcription (triple helix) and/or translation (antisense, ribozyme) of mRNA produced by normal target gene alleles which the possibility may arise wherein the concentration of normal target gene product present may be lower than is necessary for a normal phenotype. In such cases, to ensure that substantially normal levels of target gene activity are maintained, therefore, nucleic acid molecules which encode and express target gene polypeptides exhibiting normal target gene activity may, be introduced into cells via gene therapy methods such as those described, below, in Section 5.4.1.3 which do not contain sequences susceptible to whatever antisense, ribozyme, or triple helix treatments are being utilized. Alternatively, in instances whereby the target gene encodes an extracellular protein, it may be preferable to co-administer normal target gene protein in order to maintain the requisite level of target gene activity.

[0238] Anti-sense RNA and DNA, ribozyme, and triple helix molecules of the invention may be prepared by any method known in the art for the synthesis of DNA and RNA molecules, as discussed above. These include techniques for chemically synthesizing oligodeoxyribonucleotides and oligoribonucleotides well known in the art such as for example solid-phase phosphoramidite chemical synthesis. Alternatively, RNA molecules may be generated by in vitro and in vivo transcription of DNA sequences encoding the antisense RNA molecule. Such DNA sequences may be incorporated into a wide variety of vectors that incorporate suitable RNA polymerase promoters such as the T7 or SP6 polymerase promoters. Alternatively, antisense cDNA constructs that synthesize antisense RNA constitutively or inducibly, depending on the promoter used, can be introduced stably into cell lines.

[0239] 5.4.1.3 Gene Replacement Therapy

[0240] Protective nucleic acid sequences, described above in Section 5.1, can be utilized for transferring recombinant protective nucleic acid sequences to cells and expressing said sequences in recipient cells. Such techniques can be used, for example, in marking cells or for the treatment of a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death. Such treatment can be in the form of gene replacement therapy. Specifically, one or more copies of a normal protective sequence or a portion of the protective sequence which directs the production of a protective sequence product exhibiting normal protective sequence function, may be inserted into the appropriate cells within a patient, using vectors which include, but are not limited to adenovirus, adeno-associated virus and retrovirus vectors, in addition to other particles which introduce DNA into cells, such as liposomes.

[0241] Because the protective sequence of the invention may be expressed in the brain, such gene replacement therapy techniques should be capable of delivering protective sequences to these cell types within patients. Thus, in one embodiment, techniques which are well known to those of skill in the art (see, e.g., PCT Publication No. WO89/10134, published Apr. 25, 1988) can be used to enable protective sequences to cross the blood-brain barrier readily and to deliver the sequences to cells in the brain. With respect to delivery which is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, viral vectors such as, for example, those described above, are preferable.

[0242] In another embodiment, techniques for delivery involve direct administration, e.g., by stereotactic delivery of such protective sequences to the site of the cells in which the protective sequences are to be expressed.

[0243] Methods for introducing genes for expression in mammalian cells are well known in the field. Generally, for such gene therapy methods, the nucleic acid is directly administered in vivo into a target cell or a transgenic mouse that expresses SP-10 promoter operably linked to a reporter gene. This can be accomplished by any methods known in the art, e.g., by constructing it as part of an appropriate nucleic acid expression vector and administering it so that it becomes intracellular, e.g., by infection using a defective or attenuated retroviral or other viral vector (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,980,286), by direct injection of naked DNA, by use of microparticle bombardment (e.g., a gene gun; Biolistic, Dupont), by coating with lipids or cell-surface receptors or transfecting agents, by encapsulation in liposomes, microparticles, or microcapsules, by administering it in linkage to a peptide which is known to enter the nucleus, or by administering it in linkage to a ligand subject to receptor-mediated endocytosis (see e.g., Wu and Wu, 1987, J. Biol. Chem. 262:4429-4432), which can be used to target cell types specifically expressing the receptors. In another embodiment, a nucleic acid-ligand complex can be formed in which the ligand comprises a fusogenic viral peptide to disrupt endosomes, allowing the nucleic acid to avoid lysosomal degradation. In yet another embodiment, the nucleic acid can be targeted in vivo for cell specific uptake and expression, by targeting a specific receptor (see, e.g., PCT Publications WO 92/06180 dated Apr. 16, 1992; WO 92/22635 dated Dec. 23, 1992; WO92/20316 dated Nov. 26, 1992; WO93/14188 dated Jul. 22, 1993; WO 93/20221 dated Oct. 14, 1993).

[0244] Additional methods which may be utilized to increase the overall level of protective sequence expression and/or gene product activity include using targeted homologous recombination methods, discussed in Section 5.2, above, to modify the expression characteristics of an endogenous protective sequence in a cell or microorganism by inserting a heterologous DNA regulatory element such that the inserted regulatory element is operatively linked with the endogenous protective sequence in question. Targeted homologous recombination can thus be used to activate transcription of an endogenous protective sequence which is “transcriptionally silent”, i.e., is not normally expressed or is normally expressed at very low levels, or to enhance the expression of an endogenous protective sequence which is normally expressed.

[0245] Further, the overall level of protective sequence expression and/or gene product activity may be increased by the introduction of appropriate protective sequence-expressing cells, preferably autologous cells, into a patient at positions and in numbers which are sufficient to ameliorate the symptoms of a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death. Such cells may be either recombinant or non-recombinant.

[0246] Among the cells that can be administered to increase the overall level of protective sequence expression in a patient are normal cells, preferably brain cells, which express the protective sequence. Alternatively, cells, preferably autologous cells, can be engineered to express protective sequences, and may then be introduced into a patient in positions appropriate for the amelioration of the symptoms of a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death. Alternately, cells which express an unimpaired protective sequence and which are from a MHC matched individual can be utilized, and may include, for example, brain cells. The expression of the protective sequences is controlled by the appropriate gene regulatory sequences to allow such expression in the necessary cell types. Such gene regulatory sequences are well known to the skilled artisan. Such cell-based gene therapy techniques are well known to those skilled in the art, see, e.g., Anderson, U.S. Pat. No. 5,399,349.

[0247] When the cells to be administered are non-autologous cells, they can be administered using well-known techniques that prevent a host immune response against the introduced cells from developing. For example, the cells may be introduced in an encapsulated form that, while allowing for an exchange of components with the immediate extracellular environment, does not allow the introduced cells to be recognized by the host immune system.

[0248] Additionally, compounds, such as those identified via techniques such as those described, in Section 5.4.2, which are capable of modulating protective sequences, protective sequence product activity, or their regulatory sequences can be administered using standard techniques which are well known to those of skill in the art. In instances in which the compounds to be administered are to involve an interaction with brain cells, the administration techniques should include well known methods that allow for a crossing of the blood-brain barrier.

[0249] 5.4.1.4 Detection of Protective Nucleic Acid Molecules

[0250] A variety of methods can be employed to screen for the presence of protective sequence-specific mutations or polymorphisms (including polymorphisms flanking protective sequences) and to detect and/or assay levels of protective nucleic acid sequences.

[0251] Mutations or polymorphisms within or flanking the protective sequences can be detected by utilizing a number of techniques. Nucleic acid from any nucleated cell can be used as the starting point for such assay techniques, and may be isolated according to standard nucleic acid preparation procedures that are well known to those of skill in the art.

[0252] Protective nucleic acid sequences may be used in hybridization or amplification assays of biological samples to detect abnormalities involving protective sequence structure, including point mutations, insertions, deletions, inversions, translocations and chromosomal rearrangements. Such assays may include, but are not limited to, Southern analyses, single-stranded confornational polymorphism analyses (SSCP) and PCR analyses.

[0253] Diagnostic methods for the detection of protective sequence-specific mutations or polymorphisms can involve for example, contacting and incubating nucleic acids obtained from a sample, e.g., derived from a patient sample or other appropriate cellular source with one or more labeled nucleic acid reagents including recombinant DNA molecules, cloned genes or degenerate variants thereof, such as described in Section 5.1, above, under conditions favorable for the specific annealing of these reagents to their complementary sequences within or flanking the protective sequence. The diagnostic methods of the present invention further encompass contacting and incubating nucleic acids for the detection of single nucleotide mutations or polymorphisms of the protective sequence. Preferably, these nucleic acid reagent sequences within the protective sequence are 15 to 30 nucleotides in length.

[0254] After incubation, all non-annealed nucleic acids are removed from the reaction. The presence of nucleic acids that have hybridized, if any such molecules exist, is then detected. Using such a detection scheme, the nucleic acid from the cell type or tissue of interest can be immobilized, for example, to a solid support such as a membrane, or a plastic surface such as that on a microtiter plate or polystyrene beads. In this case, after incubation, non-annealed, labeled nucleic acid reagents of the type described in Section 5.1 are easily removed. Detection of the remaining, annealed, labeled nucleic acid reagents is accomplished using standard techniques well known to those skilled in the art. The protective sequences of the invention to which the nucleic acid reagents have annealed can be compared to the annealing pattern expected from a normal protective sequence of the invention in order to determine whether a protective sequence mutation is present.

[0255] In a preferred embodiment, protective sequence mutations or polymorphisms can be detected by using a microassay of nucleic acid sequences of the invention immobilized to a substrate or “gene chip” (see, e.g. Cronin, et al., 1996, Human Mutation 7:244-255). Alternative diagnostic methods for the detection of protective sequence-specific nucleic acid molecules (or flanking sequences), in patient samples or other appropriate cell sources, may involve their amplification, e.g., by PCR (the experimental embodiment set forth in Mullis, 1987, U.S. Pat. No. 4,683,202), followed by the analysis of the amplified molecules using techniques well known to those of skill in the art, such as, for example, those listed above. The resulting amplified sequences can be compared to those which would be expected if the nucleic acid being amplified contained only normal copies of the protective sequence in order to determine whether a protective sequence mutation or polymorphism in linkage disequilibrium with a disease-causing allele exists.

[0256] Among those nucleic acid sequences that are preferred for such amplification-related diagnostic screening analyses are oligonucleotide primers that amplify exon sequences. The sequences of such oligonucleotide primers are, therefore, preferably derived from cerebral intron sequences so that the entire exon, or coding region, can be analyzed as discussed below. Primer pairs useful for amplification of cerebral exons are preferably derived from adjacent introns. Appropriate primer pairs can be chosen such that each of the cerebral exons present within the gene will be amplified. Primers for the amplification of exons can be routinely designed by one of ordinary skill.

[0257] Additional nucleic acid sequences which are preferred for such amplification-related analyses are those which will detect the presence of a polymorphism which differs from the sequence depicted in the Figures. Such polymorphisms include ones that represent mutations associated with a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death.

[0258] Amplification techniques are well known to those of skill in the art and can routinely be utilized in connection with primers such as those described above. In general, hybridization conditions can be as follows: In general, for probes between 14 and 70 nucleotides in length, the melting temperature TM is calculated using the formula: Tm(° C.)=81.5+16.6(log[monovalent cations])+0.41(% G+C)−(500/N) where N is the length of the probe. If the hybridization is carried out in a solution containing formamide, the melting temperature is calculated using the equation Tm(° C.)=81.5+16.6(log[monovalent cations])+0.41(% G+C)−(0.61% formamide)−(500/N) where N is the length of the probe. Additionally, well-known genotyping techniques can be performed to identify individuals carrying protective sequence mutations. Such techniques include, for example, the use of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), which involve sequence variations in one of the recognition sites for the specific restriction enzyme used.

[0259] Further, improved methods for analyzing DNA polymorphisms, which can be utilized for the identification of protective sequence-specific mutations, have been described which capitalize on the presence of variable numbers of short, tandemly repeated DNA sequences between the restriction enzyme sites. For example, Weber (U.S. Pat. No. 5,075,217) describes a DNA marker based on length polymorphisms in blocks of (dC-dA)n-(dG-dT)n short tandem repeats. The average separation of (dC-dA)n-(dG-dT)n blocks is estimated to be 30,000-60,000 bp. Markers which are so closely spaced exhibit a high frequency of co-inheritance, and are extremely useful in the identification of genetic mutations, such as, for example, mutations within the protective sequence of the invention, and the diagnosis of diseases and disorders related to mutations of the protective sequences of the invention.

[0260] Also, Caskey et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,364,759) describe a DNA profiling assay for detecting short tri- and tetra nucleotide repeat sequences. The process includes extracting the DNA of interest, amplifying the extracted DNA and labeling the repeat sequences to form a genotypic map of the individual's DNA.

[0261] Other methods well known in the art may be used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including biallelic SNPs or biallelic markers which have two alleles, both of which are present at a fairly high frequency in a population. Conventional techniques for detecting SNPs include, e.g., conventional dot blot analysis, single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis (see, e.g., Orita et al., 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2766-2770), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), heteroduplex analysis, mismatch cleavage detection and other routine techniques well known in the art (see, e.g., Sheffield et al., 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 86:5855-5892; Grompe, 1993, Nature Genetics 5:111-117). Alternative, preferred methods of detecting and mapping SNPs involve microsequencing techniques wherein an SNP site in a target DNA is detecting by a single nucleotide primer extension reaction (see, e.g., Goelet et al., PCT Publication No. WO92/15712; Mundy, U.S. Pat. No. 4,656,127; Vary and Diamond, U.S. Pat. No. 4,851,331; Cohen et al., PCT Publication No. WO91/02087; Chee et al., PCT Publication No. WO95/11995; Landegren et al., 1988, Science 241:1077-1080; Nicerson et al., 1990, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87:8923-8927; Pastinen et al., 1997, Genome Res. 7:606-614; Pastinen et al., 1996, Clin. Chem. 42:1391-1397; Jalanko et al., 1992, Clin. Chem. 38:39-43; Shumaker et al., 1996, Hum. Mutation 7:346-354; Caskey et al., PCT Publication No. WO 95/00669).

[0262] The level of protective sequence expression also can be assayed. For example, RNA from a cell type or tissue known, or suspected, to express the protective sequence, such as brain, may be isolated and tested utilizing hybridization or PCR techniques such as are described, above. The isolated cells can be derived from cell culture or from a patient. The analysis of cells taken from culture may be a necessary step in the assessment of cells to be used as part of a cell-based gene therapy technique or, alternatively, to test the effect of compounds on the expression of the protective sequence. Such analyses may reveal both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the expression pattern of the protective sequence, including activation or inactivation of protective sequence expression.

[0263] In one embodiment of such a detection scheme, a cDNA molecule is synthesized from an RNA molecule of interest (e.g., by reverse transcription of the RNA molecule into cDNA). A sequence within the cDNA is then used as the template for a nucleic acid amplification reaction, such as a PCR amplification reaction, or the like. The nucleic acid reagents used as synthesis initiation reagents (e.g., primers) in the reverse transcription and nucleic acid amplification steps of this method are chosen from among the protective sequence nucleic acid reagents described in Section 5.1. The preferred lengths of such nucleic acid reagents are at least 9-30 nucleotides. For detection of the amplified product, the nucleic acid amplification may be performed using radioactively or non-radioactively labeled nucleotides. Alternatively, enough amplified product may be made such that the product may be visualized by standard ethidium bromide staining or by utilizing any other suitable nucleic acid staining method.

[0264] Additionally, it is possible to perform such protective sequence expression assays “in situ”, i.e., directly upon tissue sections (fixed and/or frozen) of patient tissue obtained from biopsies or resections, such that no nucleic acid purification is necessary. Nucleic acid reagents such as those described in Section 5.1 may be used as probes and/or primers for such in situ procedures (see, for example, Nuovo, G. J., 1992, “PCR In Situ Hybridization: Protocols And Applications”, Raven Press, NY).

[0265] Alternatively, if a sufficient quantity of the appropriate cells can be obtained, standard Northern blot analysis can be performed to determine the level of mRNA expression of the protective sequence.

[0266] 5.4.1.5 Detection of Protective Sequence Products

[0267] Protective sequence products of the invention, including both wild-type and mutant protective sequence products, conserved variants and polypeptide fragments thereof, which are discussed, above, in Section 5.2, may be detected using antibodies which are directed against such gene products. Such antibodies, which are discussed in Section 5.3, above, may thereby be used as diagnostics and prognostics for a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death. Such methods may be used to detect abnormalities in the level of protective sequence expression or of protective sequence product synthesis, or abnormalities in the structure, temporal expression and/or physical location of protective sequence product. The antibodies and immunoassay methods described herein have, for example, important in vitro applications in assessing the efficacy of treatments for conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. Antibodies, or fragments of antibodies, such as those described below, may be used to screen potentially therapeutic compounds in vitro to determine their effects on protective sequence expression and protective sequence product production. The compounds which have beneficial effects on conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death can thereby be identified, and a therapeutically effective dose determined.

[0268] In vitro immunoassays may also be used, for example, to assess the efficacy of cell-based gene therapy for a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death. Antibodies directed against protective sequence products may be used in vitro to determine, for example, the level of protective sequence expression achieved in cells genetically engineered to produce the protective sequence product. In the case of intracellular protective sequence products, such an assessment is done, preferably, using cell lysates or extracts. Such analysis will allow for a determination of the number of transformed cells necessary to achieve therapeutic efficacy in vivo, as well as optimization of the gene replacement protocol.

[0269] The tissue or cell type to be analyzed generally will include those that are known, or suspected, to express the protective sequence. The protein isolation methods employed herein may, for example, be such as those described in Harlow and Lane (1988, “Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual”, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.). The isolated cells can be derived from cell culture or from a patient. The analysis of cells taken from culture may be a necessary step in the assessment of cells to be used as part of a cell-based gene therapy technique or, alternatively, to test the effect of compounds on the expression of the protective sequence.

[0270] Preferred diagnostic methods for the detection of protective sequence products, conserved variants or peptide fragments thereof, may involve, for example, immunoassays wherein the protective sequence products or conserved variants or peptide fragments are detected by their interaction with an anti-protective sequence product-specific antibody.

[0271] For example, antibodies, or fragments of antibodies, such as those described, above, in Section 5.3, may be used to, quantitatively or qualitatively, detect the presence of protective sequence products or conserved variants or peptide fragments thereof. This can be accomplished, for example, by immunofluorescence techniques employing a fluorescently labeled antibody (see below, this Section) coupled with light microscopic, flow cytometric or fluorimetric detection. Such techniques are especially preferred for protective sequence products that are expressed on the cell surface.

[0272] The antibodies (or fragments thereof) useful in the present invention may, additionally, be employed histologically, as in immunofluorescence or immunoelectron microscopy, for in situ detection of protective sequence products, conserved variants or peptide fragments thereof. in situ detection may be accomplished by removing a histological specimen from a patient, and applying thereto a labeled antibody which binds to a protective sequence polypeptide. The antibody (or fragment) is preferably applied by overlaying the labeled antibody (or fragment) onto a biological sample. Through the use of such a procedure, it is possible to determine not only the presence of the protective sequence product, conserved variants or peptide fragments, but also its distribution in the examined tissue. Using the present invention, those of ordinary skill will readily recognize that any of a wide variety of histological methods (such as staining procedures) can be modified in order to achieve in situ detection of a protective sequence product.

[0273] Immunoassays for protective sequence products, conserved variants or peptide fragments thereof will typically comprise incubating a sample, such as a biological fluid, a tissue extract, freshly harvested cells or lysates of cells in the presence of a detectably labeled antibody capable of identifying the protective sequence product, conserved variants or peptide fragments thereof, and detecting the bound antibody by any of a number of techniques well-known in the art.

[0274] The biological sample may be brought in contact with and immobilized onto a solid phase support or carrier, such as nitrocellulose, which is capable of immobilizing cells, cell particles or soluble proteins. The support may then be washed with suitable buffers followed by treatment with the detectably labeled protective sequence product specific antibody. The solid phase support may then be washed with the buffer a second time to remove unbound antibody. The amount of bound label on the solid support may then be detected by conventional means.

[0275] By “solid phase support or carrier” is intended any support capable of binding an antigen or an antibody. Well-known supports or carriers include glass, polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene, dextran, nylon, amylases, natural and modified celluloses, polyacrylamides, gabbros, and magnetite. The nature of the carrier can be either soluble to some extent or insoluble for the purposes of the present invention. The support material may have virtually any possible structural configuration so long as the coupled molecule is capable of binding to an antigen or antibody. Thus, the support configuration may be spherical, as in a bead, or cylindrical, as in the inside surface of a test tube, or the external surface of a rod. Alternatively, the surface may be flat such as a sheet, test strip, etc. Preferred supports include polystyrene beads. Those skilled in the art will know many other suitable carriers for binding antibody or antigen, or will be able to ascertain the same by use of routine experimentation.

[0276] One of the ways in which the protective sequence product-specific antibody can be detectably labeled is by linking the same to an enzyme, such as for use in an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Voller, A., “The Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)”, 1978, Diagnostic Horizons 2:1-7, Microbiological Associates Quarterly Publication, Walkersville, Md.); Voller, A. et al., 1978, J. Clin. Pathol. 31:507-520; Butler, J. E., 1981, Meth. Enzymol. 73:482-523; Maggio, E. (ed.), 1980, Enzyme Immunoassay, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.,; Ishikawa, E. et al., (eds.), 1981, Enzyme Immunoassay, Kgaku Shoin, Tokyo). The enzyme that is bound to the antibody will react with an appropriate substrate, preferably a chromogenic substrate, in such a manner as to produce a chemical moiety which can be detected, for example, by spectrophotometric, fluorimetric or by visual means. Enzymes which can be used to detectably label the antibody include, but are not limited to, malate dehydrogenase, staphylococcal nuclease, delta-5-steroid isomerase, yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, α-glycerophosphate, dehydrogenase, triose phosphate isomerase, horseradish peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, asparaginase, glucose oxidase, β-galactosidase, ribonuclease, urease, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucoamylase and acetylcholinesterase. The detection can be accomplished by colorimetric methods that employ a chromogenic substrate for the enzyme. Detection also may be accomplished by visual comparison of the extent of enzymatic reaction of a substrate in comparison with similarly prepared standards.

[0277] Detection may be accomplished also using any of a variety of other immunoassays. For example, by radioactively labeling the antibodies or antibody fragments, it is possible to detect protective sequence products through the use of a radioimmunoassay (RIA) (see, for example, Weintraub, B., Principles of Radioimmunoassays, Seventh Training Course on Radioligand Assay Techniques, The Endocrine Society, March, 1986). The radioactive isotope can be detected by such means as the use of a gamma counter or a scintillation counter or by autoradiography.

[0278] It is also possible to label the antibody with a fluorescent compound. When the fluorescently labeled antibody is exposed to light of the proper wavelength, its presence can then be detected due to fluorescence. Among the most commonly used fluorescent labeling compounds are fluorescein isothiocyanate, rhodamine, phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, o-phthaldehyde and fluorescamine.

[0279] The antibody can also be detectably labeled using fluorescence emitting metals such as ¹⁵²Eu, or others of the lanthanide series. These metals can be attached to the antibody using such metal chelating groups as diethylenetriaminepentacetic acid (DTPA) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

[0280] The antibody also can be detectably labeled by coupling it to a chemiluminescent compound. The presence of the chemiluminescent-tagged antibody is then determined by detecting the presence of luminescence that arises during the course of a chemical reaction. Examples of particularly useful chemiluminescent labeling compounds are luminol, isoluminol, theromatic acridinium ester, imidazole, acridinium salt and oxalate ester.

[0281] Likewise, a bioluminescent compound may be used to label the antibody of the present invention. Bioluminescence is a type of chemiluminescence found in biological systems in which a catalytic protein increases the efficiency of the chemiluminescent reaction. The presence of a bioluminescent protein is determined by detecting the presence of luminescence. Important bioluminescent compounds for purposes of labeling are luciferin, luciferase and aequorin.

[0282] 5.4.2 Screening Assays for Compounds which Interact with Protective Sequence Products or Modulate Protective Sequence Activity

[0283] The following assays are designed to identify compounds which bind to a protective sequence product, compounds which bind to proteins, or portions of proteins which interact with a protective sequence product, compounds which modulate, e.g., interfere with, the interaction of a protective sequence product with proteins and compounds which modulate the activity of the protective sequence (i.e., modulate the level of protective sequence expression and/or modulate the level of protective sequence product activity). Assays may additionally be utilized which identify compounds which bind to protective sequence regulatory sequences (e.g., promoter sequences; see e.g., Platt, 1994, J. Biol. Chem. 269, 28558-28562), and which can modulate the level of protective sequence expression. Such compounds may include, but are not limited to, small organic molecules, such as ones which are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, gain to and/or entry into an appropriate cell and affect expression of the protective sequence or some other gene involved in a protective sequence regulatory pathway.

[0284] Methods for the identification of such proteins are described, below, in Section 5.4.2.2. Such proteins may be involved in the control and/or regulation of functions related to cell death. Further, among these compounds are compounds which affect the level of protective sequence expression and/or protective sequence product activity and which can be used in the therapeutic treatment of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death as described, below, in Section 5.4.2.3.

[0285] Compounds may include, but are not limited to, peptides such as, for example, soluble peptides, including but not limited to, Ig-tailed fusion peptides, and members of random peptide libraries; (see, e.g., Lam, et al., 1991, Nature 354:82-84; Houghten, et al., 1991, Nature 354:84-86), and combinatorial chemistry-derived molecular library made of D- and/or L-configuration amino acids, phosphopeptides (including, but not limited to members of random or partially degenerate, directed phosphopeptide libraries; see, e.g., Songyang, et al., 1993, Cell 72:767-778), antibodies (including, but not limited to, polyclonal, monoclonal, humanized, anti-idiotypic, chimeric or single chain antibodies, and FAb, F(ab′)₂ and FAb expression library fragments, and epitope-binding fragments thereof), and small organic or inorganic molecules.

[0286] Such compounds may further comprise compounds, in particular drugs or members of classes or families of drugs, known to ameliorate the symptoms of a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death.

[0287] Such compounds include families of antidepressants such as lithium salts, carbamazepine, valproic acid, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), p-chlorophenylalanine, p-propyldopacetamide dithiocarbamate derivatives e.g., FLA 63; anti-anxiety drugs, e.g., diazepam; monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, e.g., iproniazid, clorgyline, phenelzine and isocarboxazid; biogenic amine uptake blockers, e.g., tricyclic antidepressants such as desipramine, imipramine and amitriptyline; serotonin reuptake inhibitors e.g., fluoxetine; antipsychotic drugs such as phenothiazine derivatives (e.g., chlorpromazine (thorazine) and trifluopromazine)), butyrophenones (e.g., haloperidol (Haldol)), thioxanthene derivatives (e.g., chlorprothixene), and dibenzodiazepines (e.g., clozapine); benzodiazepines; dopaminergic agonists and antagonists e.g., L-DOPA, cocaine, amphetamine, α-methyl-tyrosine, reserpine, tetrabenazine, benzotropine, pargyline; noradrenergic agonists and antagonists e.g., clonidine, phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine, tropolone.

[0288] Compounds identified via assays such as those described herein may be useful, for example, in elaborating the biological function of protective sequence products and for ameliorating conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. Assays for testing the effectiveness of compounds identified by, for example, techniques such as those described in Sections 5.4.2.1-5.4.2.3, are discussed, below, in Section 5.4.2.4.

[0289] 5.4.2.1 In Vitro Screening Assays for Compounds which Bind to Protective Sequence Products

[0290] In vitro systems may be designed to identify compounds capable of binding the protective sequence products of the invention. Compounds identified may be useful, for example, in modulating the activity of unimpaired and/or mutant protective sequence products, may be useful in elaborating the biological function of the protective sequence product, may be utilized in screens for identifying compounds which disrupt normal protective sequence product interactions or may in themselves disrupt such interactions.

[0291] The principle of the assays used to identify compounds which bind to the protective sequence product involves preparing a reaction mixture of the protective sequence product and the test compound under conditions and for a time sufficient to allow the two components to interact and bind, thus forming a complex which can be removed and/or detected in the reaction mixture. These assays can be conducted in a variety of ways. For example, one method to conduct such an assay involves anchoring a protective sequence product or a test substance onto a solid support and detecting protective sequence product/test compound complexes formed on the solid support at the end of the reaction. In one embodiment of such a method, the protective sequence product may be anchored onto a solid support, and the test compound, which is not anchored, may be labeled, either directly or indirectly.

[0292] In practice, microtiter plates are conveniently utilized as the solid support. The anchored component may be immobilized by non-covalent or covalent attachments. Non-covalent attachment may be accomplished by simply coating the solid surface with a solution of the protein and drying. Alternatively, an immobilized antibody, preferably a monoclonal antibody, specific for the protein to be immobilized may be used to anchor the protein to the solid surface. The surfaces may be prepared in advance and stored.

[0293] In order to conduct the assay, the non-immobilized component is added to the coated surface containing the anchored component. After the reaction is complete, unreacted components are removed (e.g., by washing) under conditions such that any complexes formed will remain immobilized on the solid surface. The detection of complexes anchored on the solid surface can be accomplished in a number of ways. Where the previously non-immobilized component is pre-labeled, the detection of label immobilized on the surface indicates that complexes were formed. Where the previously non-immobilized component is not pre-labeled, an indirect label can be used to detect complexes anchored on the surface; e.g., using a labeled antibody specific for the previously non-immobilized component (the antibody, in turn, may be directly labeled or indirectly labeled with a labeled anti-Ig antibody).

[0294] Alternatively, a reaction can be conducted in a liquid phase, the reaction products separated from unreacted components, and complexes detected; e.g. using an immobilized antibody specific for the protective sequence product or the test compound to anchor any complexes formed in solution, and a labeled antibody specific for the other component of the possible complex to detect anchored complexes.

[0295] 5.4.2.2 Assays for Proteins which Interact with Protective Sequence Products

[0296] Any method suitable for detecting protein-protein interactions may be employed for identifying protective sequence product-protein interactions.

[0297] Among the traditional methods that may be employed are co-immunoprecipitation, cross-linking and co-purification through gradients or chromatographic columns. Utilizing procedures such as these allows for the identification of proteins, including intracellular proteins, which interact with protective sequence products. Once isolated, such a protein can be identified and can be used in conjunction with standard techniques, to identify proteins it interacts with. For example, at least a portion of the amino acid sequence of a protein which interacts with the protective sequence product can be ascertained using techniques well known to those of skill in the art, such as via the Edman degradation technique (see, e.g., Creighton, 1983, “Proteins: Structures and Molecular Principles,” W. H. Freeman & Co., N.Y., pp.34-49). The amino acid sequence obtained may be used as a guide for the generation of oligonucleotide mixtures that can be used to screen for gene sequences encoding such proteins. Screening may be accomplished, for example, by standard hybridization or PCR techniques. Techniques for the generation of oligonucleotide mixtures and the screening are well known. (See, e.g., Ausubel, supra, and 1990, “PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications,” Innis, et al., eds. Academic Press, Inc., New York).

[0298] Additionally, methods may be employed which result in the simultaneous identification of genes that encode a protein that interacts with a protective sequence product. These methods include, for example, probing expression libraries with labeled protective sequence product, using the protective sequence product in a manner similar to the well-known technique of antibody probing of λgt11 libraries.

[0299] One method that detects protein interactions in vivo, the two-hybrid system, is described in detail for illustration only and not by way of limitation. One version of this system has been described (Chien, et al., 1991, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88:9578-9582) and is commercially available from Clontech (Palo Alto, Calif.).

[0300] Briefly, utilizing such a system, plasmids are constructed which encode two hybrid proteins: one consists of the DNA-binding domain of a transcription activator protein fused to the protective sequence product and the other consists of the transcription activator protein's activation domain fused to an unknown protein which is encoded by a cDNA which has been recombined into this plasmid as part of a cDNA library. The DNA-binding domain fusion plasmid and the cDNA library are transformed into a strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that contains a reporter gene (e.g., HBS or lacZ) whose regulatory region contains the transcription activator's binding site. Either hybrid protein alone cannot activate transcription of the reporter gene: the DNA-binding domain hybrid cannot because it does not provide activation function and the activation domain hybrid cannot because it cannot localize to the activator's binding sites. Interaction of the two hybrid proteins reconstitutes the functional activator protein and results in expression of the reporter gene, which is detected by an assay for the reporter gene product.

[0301] The two-hybrid system or related methodologies may be used to screen activation domain libraries for proteins that interact with the “bait” gene product. By way of example, and not by way of limitation, protective sequence products of the invention may be used as the bait gene product. Total genomic or cDNA sequences are fused to the DNA encoding an activation domain. This library and a plasmid encoding a hybrid of a bait protective sequence product fused to the DNA-binding domain are co-transformed into a yeast reporter strain, and the resulting transformants are screened for those which express the reporter gene. For example, a bait protective sequence, such as the open reading frame of the gene, can be cloned into a vector such that it is translationally fused to the DNA encoding the DNA-binding domain of the GAL4 protein. These colonies are purified and the library plasmids responsible for reporter gene expression are isolated. DNA sequencing is then used to identify the proteins encoded by the library plasmids.

[0302] A cDNA library of the cell line, from which proteins which interact with bait protective sequence products are to be detected, can be made using methods routinely practiced in the art. According to the particular system described herein, for example, the cDNA fragments can be inserted into a vector such that they are translationally fused to the transcriptional activation domain of GAL4. Such a library can be co-transformed along with the bait protective sequence-GAL4 fusion plasmid into a yeast strain that contains a lacZ gene driven by a promoter that contains GAL4 activation sequence. A cDNA encoded protein, fused to a GAL4 transcriptional activation domain that interacts with bait protective sequence product will reconstitute an active GAL4 protein and thereby drive expression of the HIS3 gene. Colonies that express HIS3 can be detected by their growth on petri dishes containing semi-solid agar based media lacking histidine. The cDNA can then be purified from these strains, and used to produce and isolate the bait protective sequence product-interacting protein using techniques routinely practiced in the art.

[0303] 5.4.2.3 Assays for Compounds which Interfere with or Potentiate Protective Sequence Products Macromolecule Interaction

[0304] The protective sequence products may, in vivo, interact with one or more macromolecules, including intracellular macromolecules, such as proteins. Such macromolecules may include, but are not limited to, nucleic acid molecules and those proteins identified via methods such as those described, above, in Sections 5.4.2.1-5.4.2.2. For purposes of this discussion, the macromolecules are referred to herein as “binding partners”. Compounds that disrupt protective sequence product binding to a binding partner may be useful in regulating the activity of the protective sequence product, especially mutant protective sequence products. Such compounds may include, but are not limited to molecules such as peptides, and the like, as described, for example, in Section 5.4.2.1 above.

[0305] The basic principle of an assay system used to identify compounds which interfere with or potentiate the interaction between the protective sequence product and a binding partner or partners involves preparing a reaction mixture containing the protective sequence product and the binding partner under conditions and for a time sufficient to allow the two to interact and bind, thus forming a complex. In order to test a compound for inhibitory activity, the reaction mixture is prepared in the presence and absence of the test compound. The test compound may be initially included in the reaction mixture, or may be added at a time subsequent to the addition of protective sequence product and its binding partner. Control reaction mixtures are incubated without the test compound or with a compound that is known not to block complex formation. The formation of any complexes between the protective sequence product and the binding partner is then detected. The formation of a complex in the control reaction, but not in the reaction mixture containing the test compound, indicates that the compound interferes with the interaction of the protective sequence product and the binding partner. Additionally, complex formation within reaction mixtures containing the test compound and normal protective sequence product also may be compared to complex formation within reaction mixtures containing the test compound and a mutant protective sequence product. This comparison may be important in those cases wherein it is desirable to identify compounds that disrupt interactions of mutant but not normal protective sequence product.

[0306] In order to test a compound for potentiating activity, the reaction mixture is prepared in the presence and absence of the test compound. The test compound may be initially included in the reaction mixture, or may be added at a time subsequent to the addition of protective sequence product and its binding partner. Control reaction mixtures are incubated without the test compound or with a compound that is known not to block complex formation. The formation of any complexes between the protective sequence product and the binding partner is then detected. Increased formation of a complex in the reaction mixture containing the test compound, but not in the control reaction, indicates that the compound enhances and therefore potentiates the interaction of the protective sequence product and the binding partner. Additionally, complex formation within reaction mixtures containing the test compound and normal protective sequence product may also be compared to complex formation within reaction mixtures containing the test compound and a mutant protective sequence product. This comparison may be important in those cases wherein it is desirable to identify compounds that enhance interactions of mutant but not normal protective sequence product.

[0307] In alternative embodiments, the above assays may be performed using a reaction mixture containing the protective sequence product, a binding partner and a third compound which disrupts or enhances protective sequence product binding to the binding partner. The reaction mixture is prepared and incubated in the presence and absence of the test compound, as described above, and the formation of any complexes between the protective sequence product and the binding partner is detected. In this embodiment, the formation of a complex in the reaction mixture containing the test compound, but not in the control reaction, indicates that the test compound interferes with the ability of the second compound to disrupt protective sequence product binding to its binding partner.

[0308] The assays for compounds that interfere with or potentiate the interaction of the protective sequence products and binding partners can be conducted in a heterogeneous or homogeneous format. Heterogeneous assays involve anchoring either the protective sequence product or the binding partner onto a solid support and detecting complexes formed on the solid support at the end of the reaction. In homogeneous assays, the entire reaction is carried out in a liquid phase. In either approach, the order of addition of reactants can be varied to obtain different information about the compounds being tested. For example, test compounds which interfere with or potentiate the interaction between the protective sequence products and the binding partners, e.g., by competition, can be identified by conducting the reaction in the presence of the test substance; i.e., by adding the test substance to the reaction mixture prior to or simultaneously with the protective sequence product and interactive intracellular binding partner. Alternatively, test compounds which disrupt preformed complexes, e.g., compounds with higher binding constants which displace one of the components from the complex, can be tested by adding the test compound to the reaction mixture after complexes have been formed. The various formats are described briefly below.

[0309] In a heterogeneous assay system, either the protective sequence product or the interactive binding partner, is anchored onto a solid surface, while the non-anchored species is labeled, either directly or indirectly. In practice, microtiter plates are conveniently utilized. The anchored species may be immobilized by non-covalent or covalent attachments. Non-covalent attachment may be accomplished simply by coating the solid surface with a solution of the protective sequence product or binding partner and drying. Alternatively, an immobilized antibody specific for the species to be anchored may be used to anchor the species to the solid surface. The surfaces may be prepared in advance and stored.

[0310] In order to conduct the assay, the partner of the immobilized species is exposed to the coated surface with or without the test compound. After the reaction is complete, unreacted components are removed (e.g., by washing) and any complexes formed will remain immobilized on the solid surface. The detection of complexes anchored on the solid surface can be accomplished in a number of ways. Where the non-immobilized species is pre-labeled, the detection of label immobilized on the surface indicates that complexes were formed. Where the non-immobilized species is not pre-labeled, an indirect label can be used to detect complexes anchored on the surface; e.g., using a labeled antibody specific for the initially non-immobilized species (the antibody, in turn, may be directly labeled or indirectly labeled with a labeled anti-Ig antibody). Depending upon the order of addition of reaction components, test compounds which inhibit complex formation or which disrupt preformed complexes can be detected.

[0311] Alternatively, the reaction can be conducted in a liquid phase in the presence or absence of the test compound, the reaction products separated from unreacted components, and complexes detected; e.g., using an immobilized antibody specific for one of the binding components to anchor any complexes formed in solution, and a labeled antibody specific for the other partner to detect anchored complexes. Again, depending upon the order of addition of reactants to the liquid phase, test compounds which inhibit complex formation or which disrupt preformed complexes can be identified.

[0312] In an alternate embodiment of the invention, a homogeneous assay can be used. In this approach, a preformed complex of the protective sequence product and the interactive binding partner is prepared in which either the protective sequence product or its binding partners is labeled, but the signal generated by the label is quenched due to complex formation (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,109,496 by Rubenstein which utilizes this approach for immunoassays). The addition of a test substance that competes with and displaces one of the species from the preformed complex will result in the generation of a signal above background. In this way, test substances that disrupt protective sequence product/binding partner interaction can be identified.

[0313] In another embodiment of the invention, these same techniques can be employed using peptide fragments which correspond to the binding domains of the protective sequence product and/or the binding partner (in cases where the binding partner is a protein), in place of one or both of the full length proteins. Any number of methods routinely practiced in the art can be used to identify and isolate the binding sites. These methods include, but are not limited to, mutagenesis of the gene encoding one of the proteins and screening for disruption of binding in a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Compensating mutations in the gene encoding the second species in the complex can then be selected. Sequence analysis of the genes encoding the respective proteins will reveal the mutations that correspond to the region of the protein involved in interactive binding. Alternatively, one protein can be anchored to a solid surface using methods described in this Section above, and allowed to interact with and bind to its labeled binding partner, which has been treated with a proteolytic enzyme, such as trypsin. After washing, a short, labeled peptide comprising the binding domain may remain associated with the solid material, which can be isolated and identified by amino acid sequencing. Also, once the gene coding for the segments is engineered to express peptide fragments of the protein, it can then be tested for binding activity and purified or synthesized.

[0314] For example, and not by way of limitation, a protective sequence product can be anchored to a solid material as described, above, in this Section by making a GST-1 fusion protein and allowing it to bind to glutathione agarose beads. The binding partner can be labeled with a radioactive isotope, such as ³⁵S, and cleaved with a proteolytic enzyme such as trypsin. Cleavage products can then be added to the anchored GST-1 fusion protein and allowed to bind. After washing away unbound peptides, labeled bound material, representing the binding partner binding domain, can be eluted, purified and analyzed for amino acid sequence by well-known methods. Peptides so identified can be produced synthetically or produced using recombinant DNA technology.

[0315] 5.4.2.4 Assays for the Identification of Compounds which Modulate Conditions, Disorders, or Diseases Involving Cell Death

[0316] Compounds, including, but not limited to, binding compounds identified via assay techniques such as those described, above, in Sections 5.4.2.1-5.4.2.3, can be tested for the ability to ameliorate symptoms of a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death.

[0317] It should be noted that the assays described herein can be used to identify compounds which affect activity by either affecting protective sequence expression or by affecting the level of protective sequence product activity. For example, compounds may be identified which are involved in another step in the pathway in which the protective sequence and/or protective sequence product is involved, such as, for example, a step which is either “upstream” or “downstream” of the step in the pathway mediated by the protective sequence. Such compounds may, by affecting this same pathway, modulate the effect on the development of conditions, disorders, or diseases involving cell death. Such compounds can be used as part of a therapeutic method for the treatment of the condition, disorder, or disease.

[0318] Described below are cell-based and animal model-based assays for the identification of compounds exhibiting such an ability to ameliorate symptoms of a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death.

[0319] First, cell-based systems can be used to identify compounds which may act to ameliorate symptoms of a condition, disorder, or disease, including, but not limited to, those described in Section 5.4.1.1. Such cell systems can include, for example, recombinant or non-recombinant cell, such as cell lines, which express the protective sequence of interest.

[0320] In utilizing such cell systems, cells which express the protective sequence of interest may be exposed to a compound suspected of exhibiting an ability to ameliorate symptoms of a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death at a sufficient concentration and for a sufficient time to elicit such an amelioration of such symptoms in the exposed cells. After exposure, the cells can be assayed to measure alterations in the expression of the protective sequence, e.g., by assaying cell lysates for cerebral mRNA transcripts (e.g., by Northern analysis) or for protective sequence products expressed by the cell; compounds which modulate expression of the protective sequence are good candidates as therapeutics.

[0321] In addition, animal-based systems or models for a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death, for example, transgenic mice containing a human or altered form of a protective sequence, may be used to identify compounds capable of ameliorating symptoms of the condition, disorder, or disease. Such animal models may be used as test substrates for the identification of drugs, pharmaceuticals, therapies and interventions. For example, animal models may be exposed to a compound suspected of exhibiting an ability to ameliorate symptoms, at a sufficient concentration and for a sufficient time to elicit such an amelioration of symptoms of a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death. The response of the animals to the exposure may be monitored by assessing the reversal of the symptoms of the condition, disorder, or disease.

[0322] With regard to intervention, any treatments that reverse any aspect of symptoms of a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death, should be considered as candidates for human therapeutic intervention in such conditions, disorders, or diseases. Dosages of test agents may be determined by deriving dose-response curves, as discussed in Section 5.5.1, below.

[0323] 5.4.3 Additional Uses for the Protective Sequences, Protective Sequence Products, or Their Regulatory Elements

[0324] In addition to the uses described above, the polynucleotides of the present invention can be used for various other purposes. For example, they can be used to express recombinant protein for analysis, characterization or therapeutic use; as molecular weight markers on gels; as chromosome markers or tags (when labeled) to identify chromosomes or to map related gene positions; to compare with endogenous DNA sequences in patients to identify potential genetic conditions, disorders, or diseases; as probes to hybridize and thus discover novel, related DNA sequences; as a source of information to derive PCR primers for genetic fingerprinting; as a probe to “subtract-out” known sequences in the process of discovering other novel polynucleotides; to raise anti-protein antibodies using DNA immunization techniques; and as an antigen to raise anti-DNA antibodies or elicit another immune response.

[0325] The proteins provided by the present invention can similarly be used to raise antibodies or to elicit another immune response; as a reagent (including the labeled reagent) in assays designed to quantitatively determine levels of the protein (or its receptor) in biological fluids; as markers for tissues in which the corresponding protein is preferentially expressed (either constitutively or at a particular stage of tissue differentiation or development or in a disease state); and, of course, to isolate correlative receptors or ligands. Where the protein binds or potentially binds to another protein (such as, for example, in a receptor-ligand interaction), the protein can be used to identify the other protein with which binding occurs or to identify inhibitors of the binding interaction. Proteins involved in these binding interactions can also be used to screen for peptide or small molecule inhibitors or agonists of the binding interaction.

[0326] Methods for performing the uses listed above are well known to those skilled in the art. References disclosing such methods include without limitation “Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual”, 2d ed., Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch and T. Maniatis eds., 1989, and “Methods in Enzymology: Guide to Molecular Cloning Techniques”, Academic Press, Berger, S. L. and A. R. Kimmel eds., 1987.

[0327] 5.5 Pharmaceutical Preparations and Methods of Administration

[0328] The compounds which are determined to affect protective sequence expression or gene product activity can be administered to a patient at therapeutically effective doses to treat or ameliorate a condition, disorder, or disease involving cell death or modulate a cell death-related process described herein. A therapeutically effective dose refers to that amount of the compound sufficient to result in amelioration of symptoms of such a condition, disorder, or disease.

[0329] 5.5.1 Effective Dose

[0330] Toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of such compounds can be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., for determining the LD₅₀ (the dose lethal to 50% of the population) and the ED₅₀ (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population). The dose ratio between toxic and therapeutic effects is the therapeutic index and it can be expressed as the ratio LD₅₀/ED₅₀. Compounds that exhibit large therapeutic indices are preferred. While compounds which exhibit toxic side effects may be used, care should be taken to design a delivery system which targets such compounds to the site of affected tissue in order to minimize potential damage to uninfected cells and, thereby, reduce side effects.

[0331] The data obtained from the cell culture assays and animal studies can be used in formulating a range of dosage for use in humans. The dosage of such compounds lies preferably within a range of circulating concentrations that include the ED₅₀ with little or no toxicity. The dosage may vary within this range depending upon the dosage form employed and the route of administration utilized. For any compound used in the method of the invention, the therapeutically effective dose can be estimated initially from cell culture assays. A dose may be formulated in animal models to achieve a circulating plasma concentration range which includes the lC₅₀ (i.e., the concentration of the test compound which achieves a half-maximal inhibition of symptoms) as determined in cell culture. Such information can be used to more accurately determine useful doses in humans. Levels in plasma may be measured, for example, by high performance liquid chromatography.

[0332] As defined herein, a therapeutically effective amount of antibody, protein, or polypeptide (i.e., an effective dosage) ranges from about 0.001 to 30 mg/kg body weight, preferably about 0.01 to 25 mg/kg body weight, more preferably about 0.1 to 20 mg/kg body weight, and even more preferably about 1 to 10 mg/kg, 2 to 9 mg/kg, 3 to 8 mg/kg, 4 to 7 mg/kg, or 5 to 6 mg/kg body weight.

[0333] The skilled artisan will appreciate that certain factors may influence the dosage required to effectively treat a subject, including but not limited to the severity of the disease or condition, disorder, or disease, previous treatments, the general health and/or age of the subject, and other diseases present. Moreover, treatment of a subject with a therapeutically effective amount of a protein, polypeptide, or antibody can include a single treatment or, preferably, can include a series of treatments. In a preferred example, a subject is treated with antibody, protein, or polypeptide in the range of between about 0.1 to 20 mg/kg body weight, one time per week for between about 1 to 10 weeks, preferably between 2 to 8 weeks, more preferably between about 3 to 7 weeks, and even more preferably for about 4, 5, or 6 weeks. It will also be appreciated that the effective dosage of antibody, protein, or polypeptide used for treatment may increase or decrease over the course of a particular treatment. Changes in dosage may result and become apparent from the results of diagnostic assays as described herein.

[0334] 5.5.2 Formulations and Use

[0335] Pharmaceutical compositions for use in accordance with the present invention may be formulated in conventional manner using one or more physiologically acceptable carriers or excipients.

[0336] Thus, the compounds and their physiologically acceptable salts and solvates may be formulated for administration by inhalation or insufflation (either through the mouth or the nose) or oral, buccal, parenteral rectal or topical administration.

[0337] For oral administration, the pharmaceutical compositions may take the form of, for example, tablets or capsules prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as binding agents (e.g., pregelatinised maize starch, polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose); fillers (e.g., lactose, microcrystalline cellulose or calcium hydrogen phosphate); lubricants (e.g. magnesium stearate, talc or silica); disintegrants (e.g., potato starch or sodium starch glycolate); or wetting agents (e.g., sodium lauryl sulphate). The tablets may be coated by methods well known in the art. Liquid preparations for oral administration may take the form of, for example, solutions, syrups or suspensions, or they may be presented as a dry product for constitution with water or other suitable vehicle before use. Such liquid preparations may be prepared by conventional means with pharmaceutically acceptable additives such as suspending agents (e.g., sorbitol syrup, cellulose derivatives or hydrogenated edible fats); emulsifying agents (e.g., lecithin or acacia); non-aqueous vehicles (e.g., almond oil, oily esters, ethyl alcohol or fractionated vegetable oils); and preservatives (e.g., methyl or propyl-p-hydroxybenzoates or sorbic acid). The preparations may also contain buffer salts, flavoring, coloring and sweetening agents as appropriate.

[0338] Preparations for oral administration may be suitably formulated to give controlled release of the active compound.

[0339] For buccal administration the compositions may take the form of tablets or lozenges formulated in conventional manner.

[0340] For administration by inhalation, the compounds for use according to the present invention are conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or a nebuliser, with the use of a suitable propellant, e.g., dichlorodifluoromethane, trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, carbon dioxide or other suitable gas. In the case of a pressurized aerosol the dosage unit may be determined by providing a valve to deliver a metered amount. Capsules and cartridges of e.g., gelatin for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated containing a powder mix of the compound and a suitable powder base such as lactose or starch.

[0341] The compounds may be formulated for parenteral administration by injection, e.g., by bolus injection or continuous infusion. Formulations for injection may be presented in unit dosage form, e.g., in ampoules or in multi-dose containers, with an added preservative. The compositions may take such forms as suspensions, solutions or emulsions in oily or aqueous vehicles, and may contain formulatory agents such as suspending, stabilizing and/or dispersing agents. Alternatively, the active ingredient may be in powder form for constitution with a suitable vehicle, e.g., sterile pyrogen-free water, before use.

[0342] The compounds may also be formulated in rectal compositions such as suppositories or retention enemas, e.g., containing conventional suppository bases such as cocoa butter or other glycerides.

[0343] In certain embodiments, it may be desirable to administer the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention locally to the area in need of treatment. This may be achieved by, for example, and not by way of limitation, local infusion during surgery, topical application, e.g., in conjunction with a wound dressing after surgery, by injection, by means of a catheter, by means of a suppository, or by means of an implant, said implant being of a porous, non-porous, or gelatinous material, including membranes, such as sialastic membranes, or fibers. In one embodiment, administration can be by direct injection at the site (or former site) of a malignant tumor or neoplastic or pre-neoplastic tissue.

[0344] For topical application, the compounds may be combined with a carrier so that an effective dosage is delivered, based on the desired activity.

[0345] In addition to the formulations described previously, the compounds may also be formulated as a depot preparation. Such long acting formulations may be administered by implantation (for example subcutaneously or intramuscularly) or by intramuscular injection. Thus, for example, the compounds may be formulated with suitable polymeric or hydrophobic materials (for example as an emulsion in an acceptable oil) or ion exchange resins, or as sparingly soluble derivatives, for example, as a sparingly soluble salt.

[0346] The compositions may, if desired, be presented in a pack or dispenser device that may contain one or more unit dosage forms containing the active ingredient. The pack may for example comprise metal or plastic foil, such as a blister pack. The pack or dispenser device may be accompanied by instructions for administration.

6 EXAMPLE

[0347] Sequence and Characterization of Protective Sequences

[0348] In the example presented herein, the sequence and characterization of the protective sequences are provided.

[0349] 6.1 Materials and Methods

[0350] 6.1.1 Preparation of DNA

[0351] A human fetal brain cDNA library (Gibco), in which individual clones were inserted into the NotI-SalI site of the pCMV•SPORT2 vector, was diluted 200,000 fold in LB broth (DIFCO Laboratories) containing 0.2 mg/ml ampicillin (Sigma). The diluted library (100-140 μl) was then plated and grown on LB agar (DIFCO Laboratories) bioassay plates with 0.2 mg/ml ampicillin. Plates were incubated at 37° C. for 24 hours. Single colonies were then used to inoculate deep-well blocks containing 1.5 ml LB broth containing 0.2 mg/ml ampicillin. Inoculated cultures were incubated at 37° C. with agitation at 150-200 rpm for 18-24 hours. Replicate plates were created from the cultures by adding 20 μl of culture to 80 μl of LB broth containing 18% glycerol and 0.2 mg/ml ampicillin and stored at −80° C. Remaining bacterial cells were centrifuged at 1000×g for 6 minutes to collect the cells at the bottom. Following centrifugation, the broth was decanted off of the bacterial pellet and the pellet resuspended and then stored in 100 μl of Cell Resuspension Solution (Promega) at 4° C. for up to one week.

[0352] Plasmid DNA was extracted using Promega MagneSil kits with a modified protocol. The pelleted bacteria were re-suspended and 50 μl was transferred into a round bottom plate that rests on a magnet. Cell Lysis Solution (50 μl) was added and the plate was incubated at room temperature without agitation for 30 seconds. Following lysis, 70 μl of a Neutralization Solution/MagneSil Paramagnetic Particles mixture (pre-mixed at a ratio of 6:1) was added. The reaction was mixed by pipetting and incubated at room temperature without agitation for 5 minutes to allow the magnetic particles to be drawn to the magnet. The supernatant containing plasmid DNA was then transferred to a new plate and stored at −20° C.

[0353] Individual clones were chosen for their ability to delay or prevent cell death when introduced into a cell predisposed to undergoing cell death, relative to a corresponding cell into which no exogenous protective sequence had been introduced.

[0354] 6.1.2 Sequence Characterization of the DNA

[0355] The cDNA inserts of the clonally pure plasmids which are selected for their ability to protect cells from cell death when introduced into cells predisposed to undergo cell death are sequenced using the ABI Big Dye terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit and subsequently analyzed on the ABI310 capillary sequencing machine (PE Biosystems, Foster City, Calif.).

[0356] Briefly, 0.5 μg of plasmid DNA is mixed with 3.2 pmole of either the M13 forward (5′-TGTAAAACGACGGCCAGT-3′; SEQ ID NO:465) or the M13 reverse (5′-CAGGAAACAGCTATGACC-3′; SEQ ID NO:466) sequencing primer and 8 μl of the terminator ready reaction mix in a total volume of 20 μl. The cycle sequencing reaction is carried out in a thermocycler (PCR machine) using standard methods known by those skilled in the art. The extension products from the sequencing reaction are purified by precipitation using isopropanol. 80 μl of 75% isopropanol is added to the sample and after thorough mixing, the sample is incubated at room temperature (25° C.) for 20 minutes. The sample is then centrifuged at 12,000×g for 20 minutes at room temperature. The supernatant is removed and the pellet is rinsed once by addition of 250 μl of 75% isopropanol followed by centrifugation as above for 5 minutes. The supernatant is removed and the sample air-dried for 10 minutes. The sample is then resuspended in 20 μl of TSR (template suppression reagent) and denatured by heating at 94° C. for 2 minutes and rapidly cooling on ice. The subsequent electrophoresis and analysis is carried out on the ABI310 sequencer according to the manufacturer's protocol. The entire cDNA clone is similarly sequenced by the use of sequence specific internal primers as required.

[0357] 6.1.3 Sequence Comparison

[0358] The sequence data for the protective cDNA clones is compared using the BLAST 2.0 algorithm (Altschul, S F et al., 1997, Nuc. Acids Res. 25:3389) against known sequences in the GeneBank sequence database maintained by NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information). This program uses the two-hit method to find homology within the database. The BLAST nucleotide searches are performed with the “BLAST N” program (wordlength=11) to obtain nucleic acids homologous to nucleic acid molecules of the invention. BLAST protein searches of potential ORFs are performed with the “BLAST P” program (wordlength=3) to obtain amino acid sequences homologous to the ORFs of the invention.

[0359] 6.1.4 Immuno-cytochemistry Protocol for the Characterization of Protected Cells

[0360] Transfected tissue is immersed in freshly prepared 2.5% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for two hours to fix the tissue. PFA is removed by aspiration and the fixed tissue washed consecutively four times in PBS for 15 minutes, changing the PBS solution between each wash. Upon removal of the final PBS wash, the tissue is immersed in a blocking solution consisting of 10% goat serum, 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA), and 0.25% Triton X-100 for a duration of two hours.

[0361] After removal of the blocking solution, the tissue is immersed in a primary antibody solution, freshly prepared by adding rabbit anti-GFP polyclonal (1:2000 ul) into blocking solution, for an incubation period of twelve hours at 4° C.

[0362] After removal of the primary antibody solution, the tissue is washed consecutively four times in PBS for 10 minutes, changing the PBS solution between each wash. An anti-rabbit, flourescently conjugated secondary antibody, diluted in PBS at a concentration of 1:500, is then added to the tissue and allowed to incubate at room temperature for four hours. The secondary antibody solution is removed by aspiration and the tissue washed consecutively four times in PBS for 15 minutes, changing the PBS solution between each wash. After the final wash is removed, the tissue is mounted on glass slides and dried at 37° C. for thirty minutes. A three-minute xylene incubation is performed before the addition of coverslips to preserve the slices.

[0363] 6.2 Results

[0364] The following protective sequences, which were obtained using the methods described in Section 6.1, were chosen based on their ability to prevent, delay, or rescue cells predisposed to undergo cell death, relative to a corresponding cell into which no exogenous protective sequence had been introduced.

[0365] 6.2.1 Protective Sequence CNI-00711

[0366] Protective sequence CNI-00711 (SEQ ID NO:1) comprises 852 nucleotides. Twelve (12) potential open reading frames (“ORFs”) have been identified within the protective sequence and are depicted in Table 2. BLAST sequence comparison analysis of CNI-00711 against known sequences in the GenBank sequence database reveals 89% homology, at the nucleotide level, with the UV1 exon, containing part of the envelope region of a human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) type C (ACC. No. AF058907). The homologous clone was initially described as a germ-line insertion of HERV into the human pleiotrophin gene. The insertion occurred between the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) and the coding region. The homology between CNI-00711 and HERV exists for 366 base pairs out of the 412 bases found within the UV1 exon of the HERV insertion.

[0367] 6.2.2 Protective Sequence CNI-00712

[0368] Protective sequence CNI-00712 (SEQ.ID NO:26) is a completely novel sequence which comprises 1096 nucleotides. Twenty-four (24) potential ORFs have been identified within the protective sequence and are depicted in Table 3. The longest ORF of the clone is 160 amino acids. BLAST sequence comparison analysis of CI-00712 against known nucleotide and protein sequences in the GenBank database reveals no significant homology at either the nucleotide or amino acid level.

[0369] 6.2.3 Protective Sequence CNI-00714

[0370] Protective sequence CNI-00714 (SEQ. ID NO:75) comprises 1825 nucleotides. Thirty (30) potential ORFs have been identified within the protective sequence and are depicted in Table 4. The longest ORF of the cDNA encodes 412 amino acids. BLAST sequence comparison analysis of CNI-00714 against known nucleic acids in the GenBank database reveals homology with the sequence encoding the human KIAA0764 gene (ACC. No. AB018307). At the nucleotide level, the overall percent homology between CNI-00714 and KIAA0764 is 76%. At the amino acid level, the CNI-00714 and KIAA0764 proteins are identical except for a 2 amino acid deletion near the N-terminus. KIAA0764 is an unidentified brain cDNA that shows high level expression in lung and brain.

[0371] 6.2.4 Protective Sequence CNI-00715

[0372] Protective sequence CNI-00715 (SEQ. ID NO:136) comprises 542 nucleotides. Eight (8) potential ORFs have been identified within the protective sequence and are depicted in Table 5. BLAST sequence comparison analysis of CNI-00715 against known nucleic acids in the GenBank database reveals a 97% identity (503/520 bases) with a human DNA sequence, clone 425C14, which is from chromosome 6Q22. This clone contains the heat shock factor 2 gene (HSF2) and an unknown gene which is similar to the gene which encodes the placental protein, DIFF33 (ACC. No. HS425C14). Additionally, a relatively high homology—74% identity (64/87 bases)—is also observed with a short region within the coding region of the bestrophin gene. Bestrophin is the gene responsible for Best macular dystrophy (ACC.No. AF057170).

[0373] 6.2.5 Protective Sequence CNI-00716

[0374] Protective sequence CNI-00716 (SEQ. ID NO:153) is a completely novel sequence which comprises 771 nucleotides. Fifteen (15) potential ORFs have been identified within the protective sequence and are depicted in Table 6. The longest ORF is 58 amino acids. BLAST sequence comparison analysis of CNI-00716 against known nucleotide and protein sequences in the GenBank database reveals no significant homology at either the nucleotide or the amino acid level.

[0375] 6.2.6 Protective Sequence CNI-00717

[0376] Protective sequence CNI-00717 (SEQ ID NO:184) comprises 1669 nucleotides. Thirty eight (38) potential ORFs have been identified within the protective sequence and are depicted in Table 7. BLAST sequence comparison analysis of CNI-00717 against known nucleic acids in the GenBank database reveals 61% (573/935 bases) identity within the coding region of the mouse GARP34 mRNA (ACC No. AB018374). The ORF of CNI-00717 in this region of homology is 272 amino acids in length. When this amino acid sequence is compared to the amino acid sequence of GARP34, there is 50% identity (132/265 amino acids).

[0377] 6.2.7 Protective Sequence CNI-00720

[0378] Protective sequence CNI-00720 (SEQ. ID NO:261) comprises 1182 nucleotides. Fifteen (15) potential ORFs have been identified within the protective sequence and are depicted in Table 8. Two relatively long ORFs of 75 and 89 amino acids were documented. Neither ORF was homologous to any known sequences in the Genbank database. BLAST sequence comparison analysis of CNI-00720 against known nucleic acids in the GenBank database reveals homology with the 3′UTR of two human genes—neuroendocrine-specific protein-like protein 1(NSPL1) (ACC.No. 119297) and reticulon 3 (RTN3) (ACC. No. RTN3). NSPL1 and RTN 3 are identical neuron-specific genes that belong to the reticulon gene family. There is 99% identity between the nucleic acid of CNI-00720 and the 3′ UTRs of NSPL1 and RTN3. Additionally, there is 97% identity within the 5′ UTR of the human protein tyrosine kinase, t-Ror-1(Ror1) mRNA (ACC. No.HSU38894).

[0379] 6.2.8 Protective Sequence CNI-00721

[0380] Protective sequence CNI-00721 (SEQ. ID NO:292) comprises 1965 nucleotides. Thirty-three (33) potential ORFs have been identified within the protective sequence and are depicted in Table 9. BLAST sequence comparison analysis of CNI-00721 against known nucleic acids in the GenBank database revealed strong homology with the human p311 mRNA (ACC. No.HSU36189). There is 99% identity (465/470 bases) between the CNI-00721 cDNA and the p311 mRNA. The homology is 100% within the coding sequence region.

[0381] 6.2.9 Protective Sequence CNI-00723

[0382] Protective sequence CNI-00723 (SEQ. ID NO:359) comprises 2702 nucleotides. Fifty-one (51) potential ORFs have been identified within the protective sequence and are depicted in Table 10. BLAST sequence comparison analysis of CNI-00723 against known nucleic acids in the GenBank database reveals a short stretch of homology with the Drosophila asteroid mRNA (ACC.No AF047010). The CNI-00723 cDNA is 35% identical (73/209 bases) to the asteroid mRNA with the homology occurring within the coding region of the mRNA. The longest ORF of CNI-00723 is 490 amino acids. This ORF is 37% identical (55/144 amino acids) to the Drosophila asteroid protein.

[0383] 6.2.10 Protective Sequence CNI-00724

[0384] Protective sequence CNI-00724 (SEQ. ID NO:462) is a completely novel sequence which comprises 979 nucleotides. Only a single potential ORF has been identified within the protective sequence and it is depicted in Table 11. This ORF, which is 80 amino acids in length, revealed no homology with any known amino acid sequence in the GenBank database. BLAST sequence comparison analysis of CNI-00724 against known nucleic acids in the GenBank database reveals that homology exists with a human VGF nerve growth factor inducible mRNA (ACC. No. NM_(—)003378). There is 94% identity (821/872 bases) between the CNI-00724 insert and the VGF nerve growth factory inducible mRNA. This homology is observed in the 3′ portion of the coding sequence and in the 3′ UTR of the VGF nerve growth factory inducible mRNA.

[0385] 7 Deposit of Microorganisms

[0386] The following microorganisms were deposited with the Agricultural Research Service (NRRL), U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, Ill., 61604, under the provisions of the Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure, and comply with the criteria set forth in 37 C.F.R. §1.801-1.809 regarding availability and permanency of deposits. The deposits were made on the date indicated and assigned the indicated accession number: Microorganism Deposit NRRL Deposit No. Date of Deposit Escherichia coli B-30231 November 3, 1999 CNI-NPP1-CP10

[0387] CNI-NPP1-CP10 represents a composite deposit of a mixture of ten (10) strains. To distinguish and isolate each of the individual strains, an aliquot of the mixture can be streaked out to single colonies on nutrient media (e.g., LB plates) supplemented with 100 μg/ml ampicillin, single colonies grown and then DNA can be extracted using standard procedures.

[0388] Next, a sample of the DNA preparation can be digested with Not I and Sal I, and the resulting products can be separated by standard gel electrophoresis techniques using a 1% agarose gel in TAE buffer. Liberated inserts are of the following approximate sizes:  1: CNI-00711 852 bp  2: CNI-00712 1096 bp  3: CNI-00714 1825 bp  4: CNI-00715 542 bp  5: CNI-00716 771 bp  6: CNI-00717 1669 bp  7: CNI-00720 1182 bp  8: CNI-00721 1965 bp  9: CNI-00723 2702 bp 10: CNI-00724 979 bp

[0389] 8 References Cited

[0390] The present invention is not to be limited in scope by the specific embodiments described herein, which are intended as single illustrations of individual aspects of the invention, and functionally equivalent methods and components are within the scope of the invention. Indeed, various modifications of the invention, in addition to those shown and described herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description and accompanying drawings.

[0391] All publications, patents, and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

1 466 1 852 DNA Homo sapiens 1 tcgacccacg cgtccgggaa catatctcaa aataataata actatttatg acaaacccac 60 agtcaatatc atactgaatg ggcaaaagct ggaagcattc taaataccaa aggacatcat 120 tagttaacaa atgctagact aactagatac caaagcttgc tctgtgaaaa atccccacat 180 aaccattgaa gtttacaaca ccctaaaccc tgccaccttg ctcccagtat cagagagccc 240 agttaaacat aactatgtag aggtattaga ctcagtttat tctagtaggc ccaacctcca 300 agaccatcgt tgaacatcag tagactggga gctgtacgtg gatgggagca gctttgccaa 360 cccctgcaaa gtgactcttg aagaagacca caaaccctgc tccagtcaac atctggaagc 420 ttgactagtc cacgcatggc tgaagcatga ggaaactcat cacaggactc attttcctta 480 aaatttagac ttgtacagta aagacttcaa cttgaccttc ctcagactga gggctgttcc 540 cagagtatac atcaagtcac tgaggtagga caaaaggttg ctacagtcct attattttac 600 agttattata agtgtactgg aactctaaaa agaacttgtt tttataatgt tattctatac 660 aattatttat aatacaatat acaaataatg tatttagccc aggaaatgac caacctgatg 720 tgtgttatga cccatctgag cctcccatga ccacagtttt taaaataaga ttaagaactg 780 aagactggtg ggggctcata aacaatatga gtaaagtgtt agccaaaata aaacaaaaaa 840 aaaagggcgg cc 852 2 30 DNA Homo sapiens 2 atgacaaacc cacagtcaat atcatactga 30 3 9 PRT Homo sapiens 3 Met Thr Asn Pro Gln Ser Ile Ser Tyr 1 5 4 60 DNA Homo sapiens 4 atgggcaaaa gctggaagca ttctaaatac caaaggacat cattagttaa caaatgctag 60 5 19 PRT Homo sapiens 5 Met Gly Lys Ser Trp Lys His Ser Lys Tyr Gln Arg Thr Ser Leu Val 1 5 10 15 Asn Lys Cys 6 12 DNA Homo sapiens 6 atgctagact aa 12 7 3 PRT Homo sapiens 7 Met Leu Asp 1 8 33 DNA Homo sapiens 8 atgggagcag ctttgccaac ccctgcaaag tga 33 9 10 PRT Homo sapiens 9 Met Gly Ala Ala Leu Pro Thr Pro Ala Lys 1 5 10 10 15 DNA Homo sapiens 10 atggctgaag catga 15 11 4 PRT Homo sapiens 11 Met Ala Glu Ala 1 12 42 DNA Homo sapiens 12 atgaggaaac tcatcacagg actcattttc cttaaaattt ag 42 13 13 PRT Homo sapiens 13 Met Arg Lys Leu Ile Thr Gly Leu Ile Phe Leu Lys Ile 1 5 10 14 42 DNA Homo sapiens 14 atgttattct atacaattat ttataataca atatacaaat aa 42 15 13 PRT Homo sapiens 15 Met Leu Phe Tyr Thr Ile Ile Tyr Asn Thr Ile Tyr Lys 1 5 10 16 63 DNA Homo sapiens 16 atgtatttag cccaggaaat gaccaacctg atgtgtgtta tgacccatct gagcctccca 60 tga 63 17 20 PRT Homo sapiens 17 Met Tyr Leu Ala Gln Glu Met Thr Asn Leu Met Cys Val Met Thr His 1 5 10 15 Leu Ser Leu Pro 20 18 45 DNA Homo sapiens 18 atgaccaacc tgatgtgtgt tatgacccat ctgagcctcc catga 45 19 14 PRT Homo sapiens 19 Met Thr Asn Leu Met Cys Val Met Thr His Leu Ser Leu Pro 1 5 10 20 33 DNA Homo sapiens 20 atgtgtgtta tgacccatct gagcctccca tga 33 21 10 PRT Homo sapiens 21 Met Cys Val Met Thr His Leu Ser Leu Pro 1 5 10 22 24 DNA Homo sapiens 22 atgacccatc tgagcctccc atga 24 23 7 PRT Homo sapiens 23 Met Thr His Leu Ser Leu Pro 1 5 24 106 DNA Homo sapiens 24 atgaccacag tttttaaaat aagattaaga actgaagact ggtgggggct cataaacaat 60 atgagtaaag tgttagccaa aataaaacaa aaaaaaaagg gcggcc 106 25 35 PRT Homo sapiens 25 Met Thr Thr Val Phe Lys Ile Arg Leu Arg Thr Glu Asp Trp Trp Gly 1 5 10 15 Leu Ile Asn Asn Met Ser Lys Val Leu Ala Lys Ile Lys Gln Lys Lys 20 25 30 Lys Gly Gly 35 26 1096 DNA Homo sapiens 26 tcgacccacg cgtccgggca tggccaggcc ggctgggctg cagagcgccg gcacgggtcc 60 acgcctcggg tgacgggctt ccaggatgtt cgggcgcggg gcggcccatc cgcatccccc 120 aacaccccca cctccggcct gagcctccca gcgccggggg aaccacctcc tgtccgctgt 180 tgctggcccg catcctagca gcggcctgac gccctcccca ccctggcatg cccccttgac 240 ctgggacgat gagcatacga ctggggagcc cagtggaggc gccctcccga agcgccactg 300 cccatgctga ccacccagcc ctccggctgc tgatgtcatg agtaacacca ctgtgcccaa 360 tgccccccag gccaacagcg actccatggt gggctatgtg ttggggccct tcttcctcat 420 caccctggtc ggggtggtgg tggctgtggt aatgtatgta cagaagaaaa agcgggtgga 480 ccggctgcgc catcacctgc tccccatgta cagctatgac ccagctgagg aactgcatga 540 ggctgagcag gagctgctct ctgacatggg agaccccaag gtggtacatg gctggcagag 600 tggctaccag cacaagcgga tgccactgct ggatgtcaag acgtgacctg acccccttgc 660 cccacccttc agagcctggg gtcctggact gcctggggcc ctgccatctg cttcccctgc 720 tgtcacctgg ctccccctgc tgggtgctgg gtctccattt ctccctccac ccaccctcag 780 cagcatctgc ttcccatgcc ctcaccatca cctcactgcc cccaggcctt ctgccctttg 840 tgggtgttga gctcaccgcc cacccacagg cactcatagg aagaggcttt ccttctggga 900 tggcggcggc tggtagacac ctttgctttc tctagccctc ctgggctggg cttgggccca 960 aatccccagg caggctttgg agttgtttcc atggtgatgg ggccagatgt atagtattca 1020 gtatatattt tgtaaataaa atgttttgtg gctaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 1080 aaaaaaaagg gcggcc 1096 27 54 DNA Homo sapiens 27 atggccaggc cggctgggct gcagagcgcc ggcacgggtc cacgcctcgg gtga 54 28 17 PRT Homo sapiens 28 Met Ala Arg Pro Ala Gly Leu Gln Ser Ala Gly Thr Gly Pro Arg Leu 1 5 10 15 Gly 29 57 DNA Homo sapiens 29 atgttcgggc gcggggcggc ccatccgcat cccccaacac ccccacctcc ggcctga 57 30 18 PRT Homo sapiens 30 Met Phe Gly Arg Gly Ala Ala His Pro His Pro Pro Thr Pro Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Pro Ala 31 12 DNA Homo sapiens 31 atgccccctt ga 12 32 3 PRT Homo sapiens 32 Met Pro Pro 1 33 93 DNA Homo sapiens 33 atgagcatac gactggggag cccagtggag gcgccctccc gaagcgccac tgcccatgct 60 gaccacccag ccctccggct gctgatgtca tga 93 34 30 PRT Homo sapiens 34 Met Ser Ile Arg Leu Gly Ser Pro Val Glu Ala Pro Ser Arg Ser Ala 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala His Ala Asp His Pro Ala Leu Arg Leu Leu Met Ser 20 25 30 35 30 DNA Homo sapiens 35 atgctgacca cccagccctc cggctgctga 30 36 9 PRT Homo sapiens 36 Met Leu Thr Thr Gln Pro Ser Gly Cys 1 5 37 309 DNA Homo sapiens 37 atgagtaaca ccactgtgcc caatgccccc caggccaaca gcgactccat ggtgggctat 60 gtgttggggc ccttcttcct catcaccctg gtcggggtgg tggtggctgt ggtaatgtat 120 gtacagaaga aaaagcgggt ggaccggctg cgccatcacc tgctccccat gtacagctat 180 gacccagctg aggaactgca tgaggctgag caggagctgc tctctgacat gggagacccc 240 aaggtggtac atggctggca gagtggctac cagcacaagc ggatgccact gctggatgtc 300 aagacgtga 309 38 102 PRT Homo sapiens 38 Met Ser Asn Thr Thr Val Pro Asn Ala Pro Gln Ala Asn Ser Asp Ser 1 5 10 15 Met Val Gly Tyr Val Leu Gly Pro Phe Phe Leu Ile Thr Leu Val Gly 20 25 30 Val Val Val Ala Val Val Met Tyr Val Gln Lys Lys Lys Arg Val Asp 35 40 45 Arg Leu Arg His His Leu Leu Pro Met Tyr Ser Tyr Asp Pro Ala Glu 50 55 60 Glu Leu His Glu Ala Glu Gln Glu Leu Leu Ser Asp Met Gly Asp Pro 65 70 75 80 Lys Val Val His Gly Trp Gln Ser Gly Tyr Gln His Lys Arg Met Pro 85 90 95 Leu Leu Asp Val Lys Thr 100 39 93 DNA Homo sapiens 39 atgcccccca ggccaacagc gactccatgg tgggctatgt gttggggccc ttcttcctca 60 tcaccctggt cggggtggtg gtggctgtgg taa 93 40 30 PRT Homo sapiens 40 Met Pro Pro Arg Pro Thr Ala Thr Pro Trp Trp Ala Met Cys Trp Gly 1 5 10 15 Pro Ser Ser Ser Ser Pro Trp Ser Gly Trp Trp Trp Leu Trp 20 25 30 41 261 DNA Homo sapiens 41 atggtgggct atgtgttggg gcccttcttc ctcatcaccc tggtcggggt ggtggtggct 60 gtggtaatgt atgtacagaa gaaaaagcgg gtggaccggc tgcgccatca cctgctcccc 120 atgtacagct atgacccagc tgaggaactg catgaggctg agcaggagct gctctctgac 180 atgggagacc ccaaggtggt acatggctgg cagagtggct accagcacaa gcggatgcca 240 ctgctggatg tcaagacgtg a 261 42 72 PRT Homo sapiens 42 Met Val Gly Tyr Val Leu Gly Pro Phe Phe Leu Ile Thr Leu Val Gly 1 5 10 15 Val Val Val Ala Val Val Met Tyr Val Gln Lys Lys Lys Arg Val Asp 20 25 30 Arg Leu Arg His His Leu Leu Pro Met Tyr Ser Tyr Asp Pro Ala Glu 35 40 45 Glu Leu His Glu Ala Glu Gln Glu Leu Leu Ser Asp Met Gly Asp Pro 50 55 60 Lys Val Val His Gly Trp Gln Ser 65 70 43 57 DNA Homo sapiens 43 atgtgttggg gcccttcttc ctcatcaccc tggtcggggt ggtggtggct gtggtaa 57 44 18 PRT Homo sapiens 44 Met Cys Trp Gly Pro Ser Ser Ser Ser Pro Trp Ser Gly Trp Trp Trp 1 5 10 15 Leu Trp 45 195 DNA Homo sapiens 45 atgtatgtac agaagaaaaa gcgggtggac cggctgcgcc atcacctgct ccccatgtac 60 agctatgacc cagctgagga actgcatgag gctgagcagg agctgctctc tgacatggga 120 gaccccaagg tggtacatgg ctggcagagt ggctaccagc acaagcggat gccactgctg 180 gatgtcaaga cgtga 195 46 64 PRT Homo sapiens 46 Met Tyr Val Gln Lys Lys Lys Arg Val Asp Arg Leu Arg His His Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Pro Met Tyr Ser Tyr Asp Pro Ala Glu Glu Leu His Glu Ala Glu 20 25 30 Gln Glu Leu Leu Ser Asp Met Gly Asp Pro Lys Val Val His Gly Trp 35 40 45 Gln Ser Gly Tyr Gln His Lys Arg Met Pro Leu Leu Asp Val Lys Thr 50 55 60 47 480 DNA Homo sapiens 47 atgtacagaa gaaaaagcgg gtggaccggc tgcgccatca cctgctcccc atgtacagct 60 atgacccagc tgaggaactg catgaggctg agcaggagct gctctctgac atgggagacc 120 ccaaggtggt acatggctgg cagagtggct accagcacaa gcggatgcca ctgctggatg 180 tcaagacgtg acctgacccc cttgccccac ccttcagagc ctggggtcct ggactgcctg 240 gggccctgcc atctgcttcc cctgctgtca cctggctccc cctgctgggt gctgggtctc 300 catttctccc tccacccacc ctcagcagca tctgcttccc atgccctcac catcacctca 360 ctgcccccag gccttctgcc ctttgtgggt gttgagctca ccgcccaccc acaggcactc 420 ataggaagag gctttccttc tgggatggcg gcggctggta gacacctttg ctttctctag 480 48 159 PRT Homo sapiens 48 Met Tyr Arg Arg Lys Ser Gly Trp Thr Gly Cys Ala Ile Thr Cys Ser 1 5 10 15 Pro Cys Thr Ala Met Thr Gln Leu Arg Asn Cys Met Arg Leu Ser Arg 20 25 30 Ser Cys Ser Leu Thr Trp Glu Thr Pro Arg Trp Tyr Met Ala Gly Arg 35 40 45 Val Ala Thr Ser Thr Ser Gly Cys His Cys Trp Met Ser Arg Arg Asp 50 55 60 Leu Thr Pro Leu Pro His Pro Ser Glu Pro Gly Val Leu Asp Cys Leu 65 70 75 80 Gly Pro Cys His Leu Leu Pro Leu Leu Ser Pro Gly Ser Pro Cys Trp 85 90 95 Val Leu Gly Leu His Phe Ser Leu His Pro Pro Ser Ala Ala Ser Ala 100 105 110 Ser His Ala Leu Thr Ile Thr Ser Leu Pro Pro Gly Leu Leu Pro Phe 115 120 125 Val Gly Val Glu Leu Thr Ala His Pro Gln Ala Leu Ile Gly Arg Gly 130 135 140 Phe Pro Ser Gly Met Ala Ala Ala Gly Arg His Leu Cys Phe Leu 145 150 155 49 141 DNA Homo sapiens 49 atgtacagct atgacccagc tgaggaactg catgaggctg agcaggagct gctctctgac 60 atgggagacc ccaaggtggt acatggctgg cagagtggct accagcacaa gcggatgcca 120 ctgctggatg tcaagacgtg a 141 50 46 PRT Homo sapiens 50 Met Tyr Ser Tyr Asp Pro Ala Glu Glu Leu His Glu Ala Glu Gln Glu 1 5 10 15 Leu Leu Ser Asp Met Gly Asp Pro Lys Val Val His Gly Trp Gln Ser 20 25 30 Gly Tyr Gln His Lys Arg Met Pro Leu Leu Asp Val Lys Thr 35 40 45 51 420 DNA Homo sapiens 51 atgacccagc tgaggaactg catgaggctg agcaggagct gctctctgac atgggagacc 60 ccaaggtggt acatggctgg cagagtggct accagcacaa gcggatgcca ctgctggatg 120 tcaagacgtg acctgacccc cttgccccac ccttcagagc ctggggtcct ggactgcctg 180 gggccctgcc atctgcttcc cctgctgtca cctggctccc cctgctgggt gctgggtctc 240 catttctccc tccacccacc ctcagcagca tctgcttccc atgccctcac catcacctca 300 ctgcccccag gccttctgcc ctttgtgggt gttgagctca ccgcccaccc acaggcactc 360 ataggaagag gctttccttc tgggatggcg gcggctggta gacacctttg ctttctctag 420 52 139 PRT Homo sapiens 52 Met Thr Gln Leu Arg Asn Cys Met Arg Leu Ser Arg Ser Cys Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 Thr Trp Glu Thr Pro Arg Trp Tyr Met Ala Gly Arg Val Ala Thr Ser 20 25 30 Thr Ser Gly Cys His Cys Trp Met Ser Arg Arg Asp Leu Thr Pro Leu 35 40 45 Pro His Pro Ser Glu Pro Gly Val Leu Asp Cys Leu Gly Pro Cys His 50 55 60 Leu Leu Pro Leu Leu Ser Pro Gly Ser Pro Cys Trp Val Leu Gly Leu 65 70 75 80 His Phe Ser Leu His Pro Pro Ser Ala Ala Ser Ala Ser His Ala Leu 85 90 95 Thr Ile Thr Ser Leu Pro Pro Gly Leu Leu Pro Phe Val Gly Val Glu 100 105 110 Leu Thr Ala His Pro Gln Ala Leu Ile Gly Arg Gly Phe Pro Ser Gly 115 120 125 Met Ala Ala Ala Gly Arg His Leu Cys Phe Leu 130 135 53 399 DNA Homo sapiens 53 atgaggctga gcaggagctg ctctctgaca tgggagaccc caaggtggta catggctggc 60 agagtggcta ccagcacaag cggatgccac tgctggatgt caagacgtga cctgaccccc 120 ttgccccacc cttcagagcc tggggtcctg gactgcctgg ggccctgcca tctgcttccc 180 ctgctgtcac ctggctcccc ctgctgggtg ctgggtctcc atttctccct ccacccaccc 240 tcagcagcat ctgcttccca tgccctcacc atcacctcac tgcccccagg ccttctgccc 300 tttgtgggtg ttgagctcac cgcccaccca caggcactca taggaagagg ctttccttct 360 gggatggcgg cggctggtag acacctttgc tttctctag 399 54 132 PRT Homo sapiens 54 Met Arg Leu Ser Arg Ser Cys Ser Leu Thr Trp Glu Thr Pro Arg Trp 1 5 10 15 Tyr Met Ala Gly Arg Val Ala Thr Ser Thr Ser Gly Cys His Cys Trp 20 25 30 Met Ser Arg Arg Asp Leu Thr Pro Leu Pro His Pro Ser Glu Pro Gly 35 40 45 Val Leu Asp Cys Leu Gly Pro Cys His Leu Leu Pro Leu Leu Ser Pro 50 55 60 Gly Ser Pro Cys Trp Val Leu Gly Leu His Phe Ser Leu His Pro Pro 65 70 75 80 Ser Ala Ala Ser Ala Ser His Ala Leu Thr Ile Thr Ser Leu Pro Pro 85 90 95 Gly Leu Leu Pro Phe Val Gly Val Glu Leu Thr Ala His Pro Gln Ala 100 105 110 Leu Ile Gly Arg Gly Phe Pro Ser Gly Met Ala Ala Ala Gly Arg His 115 120 125 Leu Cys Phe Leu 130 55 81 DNA Homo sapiens 55 atgggagacc ccaaggtggt acatggctgg cagagtggct accagcacaa gcggatgcca 60 ctgctggatg tcaagacgtg a 81 56 26 PRT Homo sapiens 56 Met Gly Asp Pro Lys Val Val His Gly Trp Gln Ser Gly Tyr Gln His 1 5 10 15 Lys Arg Met Pro Leu Leu Asp Val Lys Thr 20 25 57 348 DNA Homo sapiens 57 atggctggca gagtggctac cagcacaagc ggatgccact gctggatgtc aagacgtgac 60 ctgaccccct tgccccaccc ttcagagcct ggggtcctgg actgcctggg gccctgccat 120 ctgcttcccc tgctgtcacc tggctccccc tgctgggtgc tgggtctcca tttctccctc 180 cacccaccct cagcagcatc tgcttcccat gccctcacca tcacctcact gcccccaggc 240 cttctgccct ttgtgggtgt tgagctcacc gcccacccac aggcactcat aggaagaggc 300 tttccttctg ggatggcggc ggctggtaga cacctttgct ttctctag 348 58 115 PRT Homo sapiens 58 Met Ala Gly Arg Val Ala Thr Ser Thr Ser Gly Cys His Cys Trp Met 1 5 10 15 Ser Arg Arg Asp Leu Thr Pro Leu Pro His Pro Ser Glu Pro Gly Val 20 25 30 Leu Asp Cys Leu Gly Pro Cys His Leu Leu Pro Leu Leu Ser Pro Gly 35 40 45 Ser Pro Cys Trp Val Leu Gly Leu His Phe Ser Leu His Pro Pro Ser 50 55 60 Ala Ala Ser Ala Ser His Ala Leu Thr Ile Thr Ser Leu Pro Pro Gly 65 70 75 80 Leu Leu Pro Phe Val Gly Val Glu Leu Thr Ala His Pro Gln Ala Leu 85 90 95 Ile Gly Arg Gly Phe Pro Ser Gly Met Ala Ala Ala Gly Arg His Leu 100 105 110 Cys Phe Leu 115 59 27 DNA Homo sapiens 59 atgccactgc tggatgtcaa gacgtga 27 60 8 PRT Homo sapiens 60 Met Pro Leu Leu Asp Val Lys Thr 1 5 61 303 DNA Homo sapiens 61 atgtcaagac gtgacctgac ccccttgccc cacccttcag agcctggggt cctggactgc 60 ctggggccct gccatctgct tcccctgctg tcacctggct ccccctgctg ggtgctgggt 120 ctccatttct ccctccaccc accctcagca gcatctgctt cccatgccct caccatcacc 180 tcactgcccc caggccttct gccctttgtg ggtgttgagc tcaccgccca cccacaggca 240 ctcataggaa gaggctttcc ttctgggatg gcggcggctg gtagacacct ttgctttctc 300 tag 303 62 100 PRT Homo sapiens 62 Met Ser Arg Arg Asp Leu Thr Pro Leu Pro His Pro Ser Glu Pro Gly 1 5 10 15 Val Leu Asp Cys Leu Gly Pro Cys His Leu Leu Pro Leu Leu Ser Pro 20 25 30 Gly Ser Pro Cys Trp Val Leu Gly Leu His Phe Ser Leu His Pro Pro 35 40 45 Ser Ala Ala Ser Ala Ser His Ala Leu Thr Ile Thr Ser Leu Pro Pro 50 55 60 Gly Leu Leu Pro Phe Val Gly Val Glu Leu Thr Ala His Pro Gln Ala 65 70 75 80 Leu Ile Gly Arg Gly Phe Pro Ser Gly Met Ala Ala Ala Gly Arg His 85 90 95 Leu Cys Phe Leu 100 63 84 DNA Homo sapiens 63 atgccctcac catcacctca ctgcccccag gccttctgcc ctttgtgggt gttgagctca 60 ccgcccaccc acaggcactc atag 84 64 27 PRT Homo sapiens 64 Met Pro Ser Pro Ser Pro His Cys Pro Gln Ala Phe Cys Pro Leu Trp 1 5 10 15 Val Leu Ser Ser Pro Pro Thr His Arg His Ser 20 25 65 36 DNA Homo sapiens 65 atggcggcgg ctggtagaca cctttgcttt ctctag 36 66 11 PRT Homo sapiens 66 Met Ala Ala Ala Gly Arg His Leu Cys Phe Leu 1 5 10 67 24 DNA Homo sapiens 67 atggtgatgg ggccagatgt atag 24 68 7 PRT Homo sapiens 68 Met Val Met Gly Pro Asp Val 1 5 69 18 DNA Homo sapiens 69 atggggccag atgtatag 18 70 5 PRT Homo sapiens 70 Met Gly Pro Asp Val 1 5 71 33 DNA Homo sapiens 71 atgtatagta ttcagtatat attttgtaaa taa 33 72 10 PRT Homo sapiens 72 Met Tyr Ser Ile Gln Tyr Ile Phe Cys Lys 1 5 10 73 15 DNA Homo sapiens 73 atgttttgtg gctaa 15 74 4 PRT Homo sapiens 74 Met Phe Cys Gly 1 75 1825 DNA Homo sapiens 75 tcgacccacg cgtccgtctt attccaaaat gttgagatac tggggagaga taccaatatc 60 atcaagccag accaacagaa gttccttcga tttgctccca cgggagttcc gtctggtgga 120 agtccatgac ccacccctgc accaaccctc agccaacaag ccgaagcccc ccactatgct 180 ggacatcccc tcagagccat gtagtctcac catccatacg attcagttga ttcagcacaa 240 ccgacgtctt cgcaacctta ttgccacagc tcaggcccag aatcagcagc agacagaagg 300 tgtaaaaact gaagagagtg aacctcttcc ctcgtgccct gggtcacctc ctctccctga 360 tgacctcctg cctttagatt gtaagaatcc caatgcacca ttccagatcc ggcacagtga 420 cccagagagt gacttttatc gtgggaaagg ggaacctgtg actgaactca gctggcactc 480 ctgtcggcag ctcctctacc aggcagtggc cacaatcctg gcccacgcgg gctttgactg 540 tgctaatgag agtgtcctgg agaccctaac tgatgtggca catgagtatt gccttaagtt 600 taccaagttg ctgcgttttg ctgtggaccg ggaggcccgg ctgggacaga ctccttttcc 660 tgatgtgatg gagcaggtat tccatgaagt gggtattggc agtgtgctct ccctccagaa 720 gttctggcag caccgcatca aggactatca cagttacatg ctacagatta gtaagcaact 780 ctctgaagaa tatgaaagga ttgtcaatcc tgagaaggcc acagaggacg ctaaacctgt 840 gaagatcaag gaggaacctg tgagcgacat cacttttcct gtcagtgagg agctggaggc 900 tgaccttgct tctggagacc agtcactgcc tatgggagtg cttggggctc agagcgaacg 960 cttcccatct aacctggagg ttgaagcttc accacaggct tcaagtgcag aggtaaatgc 1020 ttctcctctt tggaatctgg cccatgtgaa aatggagcct caagaaagtg aagaaggcaa 1080 tgtctctggg catggtgtgc tgggcagtga tgtcttcgag gagcctatgt caggcatgag 1140 tgaagctggg attcctcaga gccctgatga ctcagatagc agctatggtt cccactccac 1200 tgacagcctc atggggtcct cccctgtttt caaccagcgc tgcaagaaga ggatgaggaa 1260 aatataaaag gaaaagaggg agatgttttg tccagaccta ctagacccaa cagaaaaggt 1320 tagctgacta cagcagaccc tttgcagcag tagttttaac attgacttca catattcaga 1380 agtgattcta aaggactgtg gcacatagaa atgtattttg ctgagctgta caacaggatg 1440 gcacaaaatc ctgctgatag aaataagtgt aaccggccag gcacagtggc tcatgcctgt 1500 aatcccagca ttttgggagg cccaggtggg tggatcatct gaggtcagga gttcgagacc 1560 agcctgacca acatggaaaa aaccccatct ctactaaaaa tacaaaatta gccgggtgtg 1620 gtggcacatg cctgtaatcc cagctactca ggaaggctga ggcaggagaa ctgcttgaac 1680 ctgggaggtg gaggttgtgg tgagccgaga ctccagcctg ggcaacaaga gtgaaactcc 1740 gtctcaaaaa taaataaata aataaaagaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa 1800 aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaggg cggcc 1825 76 1239 DNA Homo sapiens 76 atgttgagat actggggaga gataccaata tcatcaagcc agaccaacag aagttccttc 60 gatttgctcc cacgggagtt ccgtctggtg gaagtccatg acccacccct gcaccaaccc 120 tcagccaaca agccgaagcc ccccactatg ctggacatcc cctcagagcc atgtagtctc 180 accatccata cgattcagtt gattcagcac aaccgacgtc ttcgcaacct tattgccaca 240 gctcaggccc agaatcagca gcagacagaa ggtgtaaaaa ctgaagagag tgaacctctt 300 ccctcgtgcc ctgggtcacc tcctctccct gatgacctcc tgcctttaga ttgtaagaat 360 cccaatgcac cattccagat ccggcacagt gacccagaga gtgactttta tcgtgggaaa 420 ggggaacctg tgactgaact cagctggcac tcctgtcggc agctcctcta ccaggcagtg 480 gccacaatcc tggcccacgc gggctttgac tgtgctaatg agagtgtcct ggagacccta 540 actgatgtgg cacatgagta ttgccttaag tttaccaagt tgctgcgttt tgctgtggac 600 cgggaggccc ggctgggaca gactcctttt cctgatgtga tggagcaggt attccatgaa 660 gtgggtattg gcagtgtgct ctccctccag aagttctggc agcaccgcat caaggactat 720 cacagttaca tgctacagat tagtaagcaa ctctctgaag aatatgaaag gattgtcaat 780 cctgagaagg ccacagagga cgctaaacct gtgaagatca aggaggaacc tgtgagcgac 840 atcacttttc ctgtcagtga ggagctggag gctgaccttg cttctggaga ccagtcactg 900 cctatgggag tgcttggggc tcagagcgaa cgcttcccat ctaacctgga ggttgaagct 960 tcaccacagg cttcaagtgc agaggtaaat gcttctcctc tttggaatct ggcccatgtg 1020 aaaatggagc ctcaagaaag tgaagaaggc aatgtctctg ggcatggtgt gctgggcagt 1080 gatgtcttcg aggagcctat gtcaggcatg agtgaagctg ggattcctca gagccctgat 1140 gactcagata gcagctatgg ttcccactcc actgacagcc tcatggggtc ctcccctgtt 1200 ttcaaccagc gctgcaagaa gaggatgagg aaaatataa 1239 77 412 PRT Homo sapiens 77 Met Leu Arg Tyr Trp Gly Glu Ile Pro Ile Ser Ser Ser Gln Thr Asn 1 5 10 15 Arg Ser Ser Phe Asp Leu Leu Pro Arg Glu Phe Arg Leu Val Glu Val 20 25 30 His Asp Pro Pro Leu His Gln Pro Ser Ala Asn Lys Pro Lys Pro Pro 35 40 45 Thr Met Leu Asp Ile Pro Ser Glu Pro Cys Ser Leu Thr Ile His Thr 50 55 60 Ile Gln Leu Ile Gln His Asn Arg Arg Leu Arg Asn Leu Ile Ala Thr 65 70 75 80 Ala Gln Ala Gln Asn Gln Gln Gln Thr Glu Gly Val Lys Thr Glu Glu 85 90 95 Ser Glu Pro Leu Pro Ser Cys Pro Gly Ser Pro Pro Leu Pro Asp Asp 100 105 110 Leu Leu Pro Leu Asp Cys Lys Asn Pro Asn Ala Pro Phe Gln Ile Arg 115 120 125 His Ser Asp Pro Glu Ser Asp Phe Tyr Arg Gly Lys Gly Glu Pro Val 130 135 140 Thr Glu Leu Ser Trp His Ser Cys Arg Gln Leu Leu Tyr Gln Ala Val 145 150 155 160 Ala Thr Ile Leu Ala His Ala Gly Phe Asp Cys Ala Asn Glu Ser Val 165 170 175 Leu Glu Thr Leu Thr Asp Val Ala His Glu Tyr Cys Leu Lys Phe Thr 180 185 190 Lys Leu Leu Arg Phe Ala Val Asp Arg Glu Ala Arg Leu Gly Gln Thr 195 200 205 Pro Phe Pro Asp Val Met Glu Gln Val Phe His Glu Val Gly Ile Gly 210 215 220 Ser Val Leu Ser Leu Gln Lys Phe Trp Gln His Arg Ile Lys Asp Tyr 225 230 235 240 His Ser Tyr Met Leu Gln Ile Ser Lys Gln Leu Ser Glu Glu Tyr Glu 245 250 255 Arg Ile Val Asn Pro Glu Lys Ala Thr Glu Asp Ala Lys Pro Val Lys 260 265 270 Ile Lys Glu Glu Pro Val Ser Asp Ile Thr Phe Pro Val Ser Glu Glu 275 280 285 Leu Glu Ala Asp Leu Ala Ser Gly Asp Gln Ser Leu Pro Met Gly Val 290 295 300 Leu Gly Ala Gln Ser Glu Arg Phe Pro Ser Asn Leu Glu Val Glu Ala 305 310 315 320 Ser Pro Gln Ala Ser Ser Ala Glu Val Asn Ala Ser Pro Leu Trp Asn 325 330 335 Leu Ala His Val Lys Met Glu Pro Gln Glu Ser Glu Glu Gly Asn Val 340 345 350 Ser Gly His Gly Val Leu Gly Ser Asp Val Phe Glu Glu Pro Met Ser 355 360 365 Gly Met Ser Glu Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln Ser Pro Asp Asp Ser Asp Ser 370 375 380 Ser Tyr Gly Ser His Ser Thr Asp Ser Leu Met Gly Ser Ser Pro Val 385 390 395 400 Phe Asn Gln Arg Cys Lys Lys Arg Met Arg Lys Ile 405 410 78 105 DNA Homo sapiens 78 atgacccacc cctgcaccaa ccctcagcca acaagccgaa gccccccact atgctggaca 60 tcccctcaga gccatgtagt ctcaccatcc atacgattca gttga 105 79 34 PRT Homo sapiens 79 Met Thr His Pro Cys Thr Asn Pro Gln Pro Thr Ser Arg Ser Pro Pro 1 5 10 15 Leu Cys Trp Thr Ser Pro Gln Ser His Val Val Ser Pro Ser Ile Arg 20 25 30 Phe Ser 80 1092 DNA Homo sapiens 80 atgctggaca tcccctcaga gccatgtagt ctcaccatcc atacgattca gttgattcag 60 cacaaccgac gtcttcgcaa ccttattgcc acagctcagg cccagaatca gcagcagaca 120 gaaggtgtaa aaactgaaga gagtgaacct cttccctcgt gccctgggtc acctcctctc 180 cctgatgacc tcctgccttt agattgtaag aatcccaatg caccattcca gatccggcac 240 agtgacccag agagtgactt ttatcgtggg aaaggggaac ctgtgactga actcagctgg 300 cactcctgtc ggcagctcct ctaccaggca gtggccacaa tcctggccca cgcgggcttt 360 gactgtgcta atgagagtgt cctggagacc ctaactgatg tggcacatga gtattgcctt 420 aagtttacca agttgctgcg ttttgctgtg gaccgggagg cccggctggg acagactcct 480 tttcctgatg tgatggagca ggtattccat gaagtgggta ttggcagtgt gctctccctc 540 cagaagttct ggcagcaccg catcaaggac tatcacagtt acatgctaca gattagtaag 600 caactctctg aagaatatga aaggattgtc aatcctgaga aggccacaga ggacgctaaa 660 cctgtgaaga tcaaggagga acctgtgagc gacatcactt ttcctgtcag tgaggagctg 720 gaggctgacc ttgcttctgg agaccagtca ctgcctatgg gagtgcttgg ggctcagagc 780 gaacgcttcc catctaacct ggaggttgaa gcttcaccac aggcttcaag tgcagaggta 840 aatgcttctc ctctttggaa tctggcccat gtgaaaatgg agcctcaaga aagtgaagaa 900 ggcaatgtct ctgggcatgg tgtgctgggc agtgatgtct tcgaggagcc tatgtcaggc 960 atgagtgaag ctgggattcc tcagagccct gatgactcag atagcagcta tggttcccac 1020 tccactgaca gcctcatggg gtcctcccct gttttcaacc agcgctgcaa gaagaggatg 1080 aggaaaatat aa 1092 81 363 PRT Homo sapiens 81 Met Leu Asp Ile Pro Ser Glu Pro Cys Ser Leu Thr Ile His Thr Ile 1 5 10 15 Gln Leu Ile Gln His Asn Arg Arg Leu Arg Asn Leu Ile Ala Thr Ala 20 25 30 Gln Ala Gln Asn Gln Gln Gln Thr Glu Gly Val Lys Thr Glu Glu Ser 35 40 45 Glu Pro Leu Pro Ser Cys Pro Gly Ser Pro Pro Leu Pro Asp Asp Leu 50 55 60 Leu Pro Leu Asp Cys Lys Asn Pro Asn Ala Pro Phe Gln Ile Arg His 65 70 75 80 Ser Asp Pro Glu Ser Asp Phe Tyr Arg Gly Lys Gly Glu Pro Val Thr 85 90 95 Glu Leu Ser Trp His Ser Cys Arg Gln Leu Leu Tyr Gln Ala Val Ala 100 105 110 Thr Ile Leu Ala His Ala Gly Phe Asp Cys Ala Asn Glu Ser Val Leu 115 120 125 Glu Thr Leu Thr Asp Val Ala His Glu Tyr Cys Leu Lys Phe Thr Lys 130 135 140 Leu Leu Arg Phe Ala Val Asp Arg Glu Ala Arg Leu Gly Gln Thr Pro 145 150 155 160 Phe Pro Asp Val Met Glu Gln Val Phe His Glu Val Gly Ile Gly Ser 165 170 175 Val Leu Ser Leu Gln Lys Phe Trp Gln His Arg Ile Lys Asp Tyr His 180 185 190 Ser Tyr Met Leu Gln Ile Ser Lys Gln Leu Ser Glu Glu Tyr Glu Arg 195 200 205 Ile Val Asn Pro Glu Lys Ala Thr Glu Asp Ala Lys Pro Val Lys Ile 210 215 220 Lys Glu Glu Pro Val Ser Asp Ile Thr Phe Pro Val Ser Glu Glu Leu 225 230 235 240 Glu Ala Asp Leu Ala Ser Gly Asp Gln Ser Leu Pro Met Gly Val Leu 245 250 255 Gly Ala Gln Ser Glu Arg Phe Pro Ser Asn Leu Glu Val Glu Ala Ser 260 265 270 Pro Gln Ala Ser Ser Ala Glu Val Asn Ala Ser Pro Leu Trp Asn Leu 275 280 285 Ala His Val Lys Met Glu Pro Gln Glu Ser Glu Glu Gly Asn Val Ser 290 295 300 Gly His Gly Val Leu Gly Ser Asp Val Phe Glu Glu Pro Met Ser Gly 305 310 315 320 Met Ser Glu Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln Ser Pro Asp Asp Ser Asp Ser Ser 325 330 335 Tyr Gly Ser His Ser Thr Asp Ser Leu Met Gly Ser Ser Pro Val Phe 340 345 350 Asn Gln Arg Cys Lys Lys Arg Met Arg Lys Ile 355 360 82 18 DNA Homo sapiens 82 atgacctcct gcctttag 18 83 5 PRT Homo sapiens 83 Met Thr Ser Cys Leu 1 5 84 69 DNA Homo sapiens 84 atgcaccatt ccagatccgg cacagtgacc cagagagtga cttttatcgt gggaaagggg 60 aacctgtga 69 85 22 PRT Homo sapiens 85 Met His His Ser Arg Ser Gly Thr Val Thr Gln Arg Val Thr Phe Ile 1 5 10 15 Val Gly Lys Gly Asn Leu 20 86 24 DNA Homo sapiens 86 atgagagtgt cctggagacc ctaa 24 87 7 PRT Homo sapiens 87 Met Arg Val Ser Trp Arg Pro 1 5 88 96 DNA Homo sapiens 88 atgtggcaca tgagtattgc cttaagttta ccaagttgct gcgttttgct gtggaccggg 60 aggcccggct gggacagact ccttttcctg atgtga 96 89 31 PRT Homo sapiens 89 Met Trp His Met Ser Ile Ala Leu Ser Leu Pro Ser Cys Cys Val Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Trp Thr Gly Arg Pro Gly Trp Asp Arg Leu Leu Phe Leu Met 20 25 30 90 87 DNA Homo sapiens 90 atgagtattg ccttaagttt accaagttgc tgcgttttgc tgtggaccgg gaggcccggc 60 tgggacagac tccttttcct gatgtga 87 91 28 PRT Homo sapiens 91 Met Ser Ile Ala Leu Ser Leu Pro Ser Cys Cys Val Leu Leu Trp Thr 1 5 10 15 Gly Arg Pro Gly Trp Asp Arg Leu Leu Phe Leu Met 20 25 92 600 DNA Homo sapiens 92 atggagcagg tattccatga agtgggtatt ggcagtgtgc tctccctcca gaagttctgg 60 cagcaccgca tcaaggacta tcacagttac atgctacaga ttagtaagca actctctgaa 120 gaatatgaaa ggattgtcaa tcctgagaag gccacagagg acgctaaacc tgtgaagatc 180 aaggaggaac ctgtgagcga catcactttt cctgtcagtg aggagctgga ggctgacctt 240 gcttctggag accagtcact gcctatggga gtgcttgggg ctcagagcga acgcttccca 300 tctaacctgg aggttgaagc ttcaccacag gcttcaagtg cagaggtaaa tgcttctcct 360 ctttggaatc tggcccatgt gaaaatggag cctcaagaaa gtgaagaagg caatgtctct 420 gggcatggtg tgctgggcag tgatgtcttc gaggagccta tgtcaggcat gagtgaagct 480 gggattcctc agagccctga tgactcagat agcagctatg gttcccactc cactgacagc 540 ctcatggggt cctcccctgt tttcaaccag cgctgcaaga agaggatgag gaaaatataa 600 93 199 PRT Homo sapiens 93 Met Glu Gln Val Phe His Glu Val Gly Ile Gly Ser Val Leu Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 Gln Lys Phe Trp Gln His Arg Ile Lys Asp Tyr His Ser Tyr Met Leu 20 25 30 Gln Ile Ser Lys Gln Leu Ser Glu Glu Tyr Glu Arg Ile Val Asn Pro 35 40 45 Glu Lys Ala Thr Glu Asp Ala Lys Pro Val Lys Ile Lys Glu Glu Pro 50 55 60 Val Ser Asp Ile Thr Phe Pro Val Ser Glu Glu Leu Glu Ala Asp Leu 65 70 75 80 Ala Ser Gly Asp Gln Ser Leu Pro Met Gly Val Leu Gly Ala Gln Ser 85 90 95 Glu Arg Phe Pro Ser Asn Leu Glu Val Glu Ala Ser Pro Gln Ala Ser 100 105 110 Ser Ala Glu Val Asn Ala Ser Pro Leu Trp Asn Leu Ala His Val Lys 115 120 125 Met Glu Pro Gln Glu Ser Glu Glu Gly Asn Val Ser Gly His Gly Val 130 135 140 Leu Gly Ser Asp Val Phe Glu Glu Pro Met Ser Gly Met Ser Glu Ala 145 150 155 160 Gly Ile Pro Gln Ser Pro Asp Asp Ser Asp Ser Ser Tyr Gly Ser His 165 170 175 Ser Thr Asp Ser Leu Met Gly Ser Ser Pro Val Phe Asn Gln Arg Cys 180 185 190 Lys Lys Arg Met Arg Lys Ile 195 94 159 DNA Homo sapiens 94 atgaagtggg tattggcagt gtgctctccc tccagaagtt ctggcagcac cgcatcaagg 60 actatcacag ttacatgcta cagattagta agcaactctc tgaagaatat gaaaggattg 120 tcaatcctga gaaggccaca gaggacgcta aacctgtga 159 95 52 PRT Homo sapiens 95 Met Lys Trp Val Leu Ala Val Cys Ser Pro Ser Arg Ser Ser Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Thr Ala Ser Arg Thr Ile Thr Val Thr Cys Tyr Arg Leu Val Ser Asn 20 25 30 Ser Leu Lys Asn Met Lys Gly Leu Ser Ile Leu Arg Arg Pro Gln Arg 35 40 45 Thr Leu Asn Leu 50 96 510 DNA Homo sapiens 96 atgctacaga ttagtaagca actctctgaa gaatatgaaa ggattgtcaa tcctgagaag 60 gccacagagg acgctaaacc tgtgaagatc aaggaggaac ctgtgagcga catcactttt 120 cctgtcagtg aggagctgga ggctgacctt gcttctggag accagtcact gcctatggga 180 gtgcttgggg ctcagagcga acgcttccca tctaacctgg aggttgaagc ttcaccacag 240 gcttcaagtg cagaggtaaa tgcttctcct ctttggaatc tggcccatgt gaaaatggag 300 cctcaagaaa gtgaagaagg caatgtctct gggcatggtg tgctgggcag tgatgtcttc 360 gaggagccta tgtcaggcat gagtgaagct gggattcctc agagccctga tgactcagat 420 agcagctatg gttcccactc cactgacagc ctcatggggt cctcccctgt tttcaaccag 480 cgctgcaaga agaggatgag gaaaatataa 510 97 169 PRT Homo sapiens 97 Met Leu Gln Ile Ser Lys Gln Leu Ser Glu Glu Tyr Glu Arg Ile Val 1 5 10 15 Asn Pro Glu Lys Ala Thr Glu Asp Ala Lys Pro Val Lys Ile Lys Glu 20 25 30 Glu Pro Val Ser Asp Ile Thr Phe Pro Val Ser Glu Glu Leu Glu Ala 35 40 45 Asp Leu Ala Ser Gly Asp Gln Ser Leu Pro Met Gly Val Leu Gly Ala 50 55 60 Gln Ser Glu Arg Phe Pro Ser Asn Leu Glu Val Glu Ala Ser Pro Gln 65 70 75 80 Ala Ser Ser Ala Glu Val Asn Ala Ser Pro Leu Trp Asn Leu Ala His 85 90 95 Val Lys Met Glu Pro Gln Glu Ser Glu Glu Gly Asn Val Ser Gly His 100 105 110 Gly Val Leu Gly Ser Asp Val Phe Glu Glu Pro Met Ser Gly Met Ser 115 120 125 Glu Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln Ser Pro Asp Asp Ser Asp Ser Ser Tyr Gly 130 135 140 Ser His Ser Thr Asp Ser Leu Met Gly Ser Ser Pro Val Phe Asn Gln 145 150 155 160 Arg Cys Lys Lys Arg Met Arg Lys Ile 165 98 51 DNA Homo sapiens 98 atgaaaggat tgtcaatcct gagaaggcca cagaggacgc taaacctgtg a 51 99 16 PRT Homo sapiens 99 Met Lys Gly Leu Ser Ile Leu Arg Arg Pro Gln Arg Thr Leu Asn Leu 1 5 10 15 100 336 DNA Homo sapiens 100 atgggagtgc ttggggctca gagcgaacgc ttcccatcta acctggaggt tgaagcttca 60 ccacaggctt caagtgcaga ggtaaatgct tctcctcttt ggaatctggc ccatgtgaaa 120 atggagcctc aagaaagtga agaaggcaat gtctctgggc atggtgtgct gggcagtgat 180 gtcttcgagg agcctatgtc aggcatgagt gaagctggga ttcctcagag ccctgatgac 240 tcagatagca gctatggttc ccactccact gacagcctca tggggtcctc ccctgttttc 300 aaccagcgct gcaagaagag gatgaggaaa atataa 336 101 111 PRT Homo sapiens 101 Met Gly Val Leu Gly Ala Gln Ser Glu Arg Phe Pro Ser Asn Leu Glu 1 5 10 15 Val Glu Ala Ser Pro Gln Ala Ser Ser Ala Glu Val Asn Ala Ser Pro 20 25 30 Leu Trp Asn Leu Ala His Val Lys Met Glu Pro Gln Glu Ser Glu Glu 35 40 45 Gly Asn Val Ser Gly His Gly Val Leu Gly Ser Asp Val Phe Glu Glu 50 55 60 Pro Met Ser Gly Met Ser Glu Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln Ser Pro Asp Asp 65 70 75 80 Ser Asp Ser Ser Tyr Gly Ser His Ser Thr Asp Ser Leu Met Gly Ser 85 90 95 Ser Pro Val Phe Asn Gln Arg Cys Lys Lys Arg Met Arg Lys Ile 100 105 110 102 33 DNA Homo sapiens 102 atgcttctcc tctttggaat ctggcccatg tga 33 103 10 PRT Homo sapiens 103 Met Leu Leu Leu Phe Gly Ile Trp Pro Met 1 5 10 104 216 DNA Homo sapiens 104 atggagcctc aagaaagtga agaaggcaat gtctctgggc atggtgtgct gggcagtgat 60 gtcttcgagg agcctatgtc aggcatgagt gaagctggga ttcctcagag ccctgatgac 120 tcagatagca gctatggttc ccactccact gacagcctca tggggtcctc ccctgttttc 180 aaccagcgct gcaagaagag gatgaggaaa atataa 216 105 71 PRT Homo sapiens 105 Met Glu Pro Gln Glu Ser Glu Glu Gly Asn Val Ser Gly His Gly Val 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Ser Asp Val Phe Glu Glu Pro Met Ser Gly Met Ser Glu Ala 20 25 30 Gly Ile Pro Gln Ser Pro Asp Asp Ser Asp Ser Ser Tyr Gly Ser His 35 40 45 Ser Thr Asp Ser Leu Met Gly Ser Ser Pro Val Phe Asn Gln Arg Cys 50 55 60 Lys Lys Arg Met Arg Lys Ile 65 70 106 60 DNA Homo sapiens 106 atgtctctgg gcatggtgtg ctgggcagtg atgtcttcga ggagcctatg tcaggcatga 60 107 19 PRT Homo sapiens 107 Met Ser Leu Gly Met Val Cys Trp Ala Val Met Ser Ser Arg Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 Cys Gln Ala 108 48 DNA Homo sapiens 108 atggtgtgct gggcagtgat gtcttcgagg agcctatgtc aggcatga 48 109 15 PRT Homo sapiens 109 Met Val Cys Trp Ala Val Met Ser Ser Arg Ser Leu Cys Gln Ala 1 5 10 15 110 30 DNA Homo sapiens 110 atgtcttcga ggagcctatg tcaggcatga 30 111 9 PRT Homo sapiens 111 Met Ser Ser Arg Ser Leu Cys Gln Ala 1 5 112 141 DNA Homo sapiens 112 atgtcaggca tgagtgaagc tgggattcct cagagccctg atgactcaga tagcagctat 60 ggttcccact ccactgacag cctcatgggg tcctcccctg ttttcaacca gcgctgcaag 120 aagaggatga ggaaaatata a 141 113 46 PRT Homo sapiens 113 Met Ser Gly Met Ser Glu Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln Ser Pro Asp Asp Ser 1 5 10 15 Asp Ser Ser Tyr Gly Ser His Ser Thr Asp Ser Leu Met Gly Ser Ser 20 25 30 Pro Val Phe Asn Gln Arg Cys Lys Lys Arg Met Arg Lys Ile 35 40 45 114 132 DNA Homo sapiens 114 atgagtgaag ctgggattcc tcagagccct gatgactcag atagcagcta tggttcccac 60 tccactgaca gcctcatggg gtcctcccct gttttcaacc agcgctgcaa gaagaggatg 120 aggaaaatat aa 132 115 43 PRT Homo sapiens 115 Met Ser Glu Ala Gly Ile Pro Gln Ser Pro Asp Asp Ser Asp Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 Tyr Gly Ser His Ser Thr Asp Ser Leu Met Gly Ser Ser Pro Val Phe 20 25 30 Asn Gln Arg Cys Lys Lys Arg Met Arg Lys Ile 35 40 116 90 DNA Homo sapiens 116 atgactcaga tagcagctat ggttcccact ccactgacag cctcatgggg tcctcccctg 60 ttttcaacca gcgctgcaag aagaggatga 90 117 29 PRT Homo sapiens 117 Met Thr Gln Ile Ala Ala Met Val Pro Thr Pro Leu Thr Ala Ser Trp 1 5 10 15 Gly Pro Pro Leu Phe Ser Thr Ser Ala Ala Arg Arg Gly 20 25 118 72 DNA Homo sapiens 118 atggttccca ctccactgac agcctcatgg ggtcctcccc tgttttcaac cagcgctgca 60 agaagaggat ga 72 119 23 PRT Homo sapiens 119 Met Val Pro Thr Pro Leu Thr Ala Ser Trp Gly Pro Pro Leu Phe Ser 1 5 10 15 Thr Ser Ala Ala Arg Arg Gly 20 120 57 DNA Homo sapiens 120 atggggtcct cccctgtttt caaccagcgc tgcaagaaga ggatgaggaa aatataa 57 121 18 PRT Homo sapiens 121 Met Gly Ser Ser Pro Val Phe Asn Gln Arg Cys Lys Lys Arg Met Arg 1 5 10 15 Lys Ile 122 15 DNA Homo sapiens 122 atgaggaaaa tataa 15 123 4 PRT Homo sapiens 123 Met Arg Lys Ile 1 124 45 DNA Homo sapiens 124 atgttttgtc cagacctact agacccaaca gaaaaggtta gctga 45 125 14 PRT Homo sapiens 125 Met Phe Cys Pro Asp Leu Leu Asp Pro Thr Glu Lys Val Ser 1 5 10 126 132 DNA Homo sapiens 126 atgtattttg ctgagctgta caacaggatg gcacaaaatc ctgctgatag aaataagtgt 60 aaccggccag gcacagtggc tcatgcctgt aatcccagca ttttgggagg cccaggtggg 120 tggatcatct ga 132 127 43 PRT Homo sapiens 127 Met Tyr Phe Ala Glu Leu Tyr Asn Arg Met Ala Gln Asn Pro Ala Asp 1 5 10 15 Arg Asn Lys Cys Asn Arg Pro Gly Thr Val Ala His Ala Cys Asn Pro 20 25 30 Ser Ile Leu Gly Gly Pro Gly Gly Trp Ile Ile 35 40 128 105 DNA Homo sapiens 128 atggcacaaa atcctgctga tagaaataag tgtaaccggc caggcacagt ggctcatgcc 60 tgtaatccca gcattttggg aggcccaggt gggtggatca tctga 105 129 34 PRT Homo sapiens 129 Met Ala Gln Asn Pro Ala Asp Arg Asn Lys Cys Asn Arg Pro Gly Thr 1 5 10 15 Val Ala His Ala Cys Asn Pro Ser Ile Leu Gly Gly Pro Gly Gly Trp 20 25 30 Ile Ile 130 75 DNA Homo sapiens 130 atgcctgtaa tcccagcatt ttgggaggcc caggtgggtg gatcatctga ggtcaggagt 60 tcgagaccag cctga 75 131 24 PRT Homo sapiens 131 Met Pro Val Ile Pro Ala Phe Trp Glu Ala Gln Val Gly Gly Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 Glu Val Arg Ser Ser Arg Pro Ala 20 132 39 DNA Homo sapiens 132 atggaaaaaa ccccatctct actaaaaata caaaattag 39 133 12 PRT Homo sapiens 133 Met Glu Lys Thr Pro Ser Leu Leu Lys Ile Gln Asn 1 5 10 134 33 DNA Homo sapiens 134 atgcctgtaa tcccagctac tcaggaaggc tga 33 135 10 PRT Homo sapiens 135 Met Pro Val Ile Pro Ala Thr Gln Glu Gly 1 5 10 136 542 DNA Homo sapiens 136 tcgacccacg cgtccgggac aatagtgtag gttatggatg gaggtgtcgg tactaaattg 60 aataacgagt aaataatctt acttgggtag agatggcctt tgccaacaaa gtgaactgtt 120 ttggttgttt taaactcatg aagtatgggt tcagtggaaa tgtttggaac tctgaaggat 180 ttagacaagg ttttgaaaag gataatcatg ggttagaagg aagtgtttga aagtcacttt 240 gaaagttagt tttgggccag cacggtagct cacccttgta atcccagcac tttgggaggc 300 tgaggtgggt agattacttg agcccaggaa ttcaagacca gcctgggcaa catggtgaaa 360 ccctgtttct ataaaaaata atctgggctt tgtagcatat gcctgtggtc ccagctactg 420 aggaggctga ggtgggagga ttgcttgagc ccaggaggca gaggttgcag tgagccaagg 480 tcacgtcact gcactctagc ctgggcaaca gagtaagaca aaaaaaaaaa aaaagggcgg 540 cc 542 137 39 DNA Homo sapiens 137 atggatggag gtgtcggtac taaattgaat aacgagtaa 39 138 12 PRT Homo sapiens 138 Met Asp Gly Gly Val Gly Thr Lys Leu Asn Asn Glu 1 5 10 139 24 DNA Homo sapiens 139 atggaggtgt cggtactaaa ttga 24 140 7 PRT Homo sapiens 140 Met Glu Val Ser Val Leu Asn 1 5 141 138 DNA Homo sapiens 141 atggcctttg ccaacaaagt gaactgtttt ggttgtttta aactcatgaa gtatgggttc 60 agtggaaatg tttggaactc tgaaggattt agacaaggtt ttgaaaagga taatcatggg 120 ttagaaggaa gtgtttga 138 142 45 PRT Homo sapiens 142 Met Ala Phe Ala Asn Lys Val Asn Cys Phe Gly Cys Phe Lys Leu Met 1 5 10 15 Lys Tyr Gly Phe Ser Gly Asn Val Trp Asn Ser Glu Gly Phe Arg Gln 20 25 30 Gly Phe Glu Lys Asp Asn His Gly Leu Glu Gly Ser Val 35 40 45 143 93 DNA Homo sapiens 143 atgaagtatg ggttcagtgg aaatgtttgg aactctgaag gatttagaca aggttttgaa 60 aaggataatc atgggttaga aggaagtgtt tga 93 144 30 PRT Homo sapiens 144 Met Lys Tyr Gly Phe Ser Gly Asn Val Trp Asn Ser Glu Gly Phe Arg 1 5 10 15 Gln Gly Phe Glu Lys Asp Asn His Gly Leu Glu Gly Ser Val 20 25 30 145 72 DNA Homo sapiens 145 atgggttcag tggaaatgtt tggaactctg aaggatttag acaaggtttt gaaaaggata 60 atcatgggtt ag 72 146 23 PRT Homo sapiens 146 Met Gly Ser Val Glu Met Phe Gly Thr Leu Lys Asp Leu Asp Lys Val 1 5 10 15 Leu Lys Arg Ile Ile Met Gly 20 147 57 DNA Homo sapiens 147 atgtttggaa ctctgaagga tttagacaag gttttgaaaa ggataatcat gggttag 57 148 18 PRT Homo sapiens 148 Met Phe Gly Thr Leu Lys Asp Leu Asp Lys Val Leu Lys Arg Ile Ile 1 5 10 15 Met Gly 149 30 DNA Homo sapiens 149 atggtgaaac cctgtttcta taaaaaataa 30 150 9 PRT Homo sapiens 150 Met Val Lys Pro Cys Phe Tyr Lys Lys 1 5 151 75 DNA Homo sapiens 151 atgcctgtgg tcccagctac tgaggaggct gaggtgggag gattgcttga gcccaggagg 60 cagaggttgc agtga 75 152 24 PRT Homo sapiens 152 Met Pro Val Val Pro Ala Thr Glu Glu Ala Glu Val Gly Gly Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Glu Pro Arg Arg Gln Arg Leu Gln 20 153 771 DNA Homo sapiens 153 tcgacccacg cgtccgcaaa acctaaatag aagttgttgt taccgtgtgc caatgtgtcc 60 catgtgggtt gtgccaggta gagaaacagg aagtcaatca tctgtgacag tctctattct 120 gtcgttttgc tccttggtat ttgatttgca ctatatttag ttgaagcctg ttcactgttt 180 aaaaccggag gtatcttcaa aggcatggag acctggttcc agtaaatgtc ccaccagtgg 240 ggtatagaaa gcatgctcat gaccctgccg tgtcgtctga ggtacccgtt cttatcctag 300 tggttcagga agagaaaacg cagtttgcac tttcaagaca gcttctctaa ggctggcatg 360 ttatctcctt gctttgcttt ttgccgtttt aaaatgtgta attgttccag cattccaatg 420 gtcttgtgca tagcagggga ctgtaaccaa aaataaacat gtatttgtgt aattggtttg 480 aagaagtctt gaatagctct ttactgtctt acttggggtt gataagattt gagtgtttgc 540 aattttttac taaatgtagc tccaaagtct taaatggctt gtttgttctt aaactgttaa 600 ttgatgaaac tgtgcataag tttacaatgt actaacttat tttgcttatt atatatagtg 660 ttttattgga aattgtaacc acacacttca gcatgatgaa aataaagatt agtgtttcca 720 tttaaataaa tgttttatcc tcccataaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaagggcggc c 771 154 108 DNA Homo sapiens 154 atgtgtccca tgtgggttgt gccaggtaga gaaacaggaa gtcaatcatc tgtgacagtc 60 tctattctgt cgttttgctc cttggtattt gatttgcact atatttag 108 155 35 PRT Homo sapiens 155 Met Cys Pro Met Trp Val Val Pro Gly Arg Glu Thr Gly Ser Gln Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Val Thr Val Ser Ile Leu Ser Phe Cys Ser Leu Val Phe Asp Leu 20 25 30 His Tyr Ile 35 156 99 DNA Homo sapiens 156 atgtgggttg tgccaggtag agaaacagga agtcaatcat ctgtgacagt ctctattctg 60 tcgttttgct ccttggtatt tgatttgcac tatatttag 99 157 32 PRT Homo sapiens 157 Met Trp Val Val Pro Gly Arg Glu Thr Gly Ser Gln Ser Ser Val Thr 1 5 10 15 Val Ser Ile Leu Ser Phe Cys Ser Leu Val Phe Asp Leu His Tyr Ile 20 25 30 158 21 DNA Homo sapiens 158 atggagacct ggttccagta a 21 159 6 PRT Homo sapiens 159 Met Glu Thr Trp Phe Gln 1 5 160 75 DNA Homo sapiens 160 atgtcccacc agtggggtat agaaagcatg ctcatgaccc tgccgtgtcg tctgaggtac 60 ccgttcttat cctag 75 161 24 PRT Homo sapiens 161 Met Ser His Gln Trp Gly Ile Glu Ser Met Leu Met Thr Leu Pro Cys 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Arg Tyr Pro Phe Leu Ser 20 162 48 DNA Homo sapiens 162 atgctcatga ccctgccgtg tcgtctgagg tacccgttct tatcctag 48 163 15 PRT Homo sapiens 163 Met Leu Met Thr Leu Pro Cys Arg Leu Arg Tyr Pro Phe Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 164 42 DNA Homo sapiens 164 atgaccctgc cgtgtcgtct gaggtacccg ttcttatcct ag 42 165 13 PRT Homo sapiens 165 Met Thr Leu Pro Cys Arg Leu Arg Tyr Pro Phe Leu Ser 1 5 10 166 99 DNA Homo sapiens 166 atgttatctc cttgctttgc tttttgccgt tttaaaatgt gtaattgttc cagcattcca 60 atggtcttgt gcatagcagg ggactgtaac caaaaataa 99 167 32 PRT Homo sapiens 167 Met Leu Ser Pro Cys Phe Ala Phe Cys Arg Phe Lys Met Cys Asn Cys 1 5 10 15 Ser Ser Ile Pro Met Val Leu Cys Ile Ala Gly Asp Cys Asn Gln Lys 20 25 30 168 63 DNA Homo sapiens 168 atgtgtaatt gttccagcat tccaatggtc ttgtgcatag caggggactg taaccaaaaa 60 taa 63 169 20 PRT Homo sapiens 169 Met Cys Asn Cys Ser Ser Ile Pro Met Val Leu Cys Ile Ala Gly Asp 1 5 10 15 Cys Asn Gln Lys 20 170 39 DNA Homo sapiens 170 atggtcttgt gcatagcagg ggactgtaac caaaaataa 39 171 12 PRT Homo sapiens 171 Met Val Leu Cys Ile Ala Gly Asp Cys Asn Gln Lys 1 5 10 172 177 DNA Homo sapiens 172 atgtatttgt gtaattggtt tgaagaagtc ttgaatagct ctttactgtc ttacttgggg 60 ttgataagat ttgagtgttt gcaatttttt actaaatgta gctccaaagt cttaaatggc 120 ttgtttgttc ttaaactgtt aattgatgaa actgtgcata agtttacaat gtactaa 177 173 58 PRT Homo sapiens 173 Met Tyr Leu Cys Asn Trp Phe Glu Glu Val Leu Asn Ser Ser Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Ser Tyr Leu Gly Leu Ile Arg Phe Glu Cys Leu Gln Phe Phe Thr Lys 20 25 30 Cys Ser Ser Lys Val Leu Asn Gly Leu Phe Val Leu Lys Leu Leu Ile 35 40 45 Asp Glu Thr Val His Lys Phe Thr Met Tyr 50 55 174 27 DNA Homo sapiens 174 atggcttgtt tgttcttaaa ctgttaa 27 175 8 PRT Homo sapiens 175 Met Ala Cys Leu Phe Leu Asn Cys 1 5 176 75 DNA Homo sapiens 176 atgaaactgt gcataagttt acaatgtact aacttatttt gcttattata tatagtgttt 60 tattggaaat tgtaa 75 177 24 PRT Homo sapiens 177 Met Lys Leu Cys Ile Ser Leu Gln Cys Thr Asn Leu Phe Cys Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Tyr Ile Val Phe Tyr Trp Lys Leu 20 178 33 DNA Homo sapiens 178 atgatgaaaa taaagattag tgtttccatt taa 33 179 10 PRT Homo sapiens 179 Met Met Lys Ile Lys Ile Ser Val Ser Ile 1 5 10 180 30 DNA Homo sapiens 180 atgaaaataa agattagtgt ttccatttaa 30 181 9 PRT Homo sapiens 181 Met Lys Ile Lys Ile Ser Val Ser Ile 1 5 182 42 DNA Homo sapiens 182 atgttttatc ctcccataaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaagggcgg cc 42 183 14 PRT Homo sapiens 183 Met Phe Tyr Pro Pro Ile Lys Lys Lys Lys Lys Arg Ala Ala 1 5 10 184 1669 DNA Homo sapiens 184 tcgacccacg cgtccgcagg cagtgactgc cttcggcttt ttttctgctg actaagatct 60 cctatagaga gctacaacaa tgcccaaaag aaagccaaag agaagatctg ccaggttgtc 120 tgctatgctt gtgccagtta caccagaggt gaagcctaaa agaacatcaa gttcaaggaa 180 aatgaagaca aaaagtgata tgatggaaga aaacatagat acaagtgccc aagcagttgc 240 tgaaaccaag caagaagcag ttgttgaaga agactacaat gaaaatgcta aaaatggaga 300 agccaaaatt acagaggcac cagcttctga aaaagaaatt gtggaagtaa aagaagaaaa 360 tattgaagat gccacagaaa agggaggaga aaagaaagaa gcagtggcag cagaagtaaa 420 aaatgaagaa gaagatcaga aagaagatga agaagatcaa aacgaagaga aaggggaagc 480 tggaaaagaa gacaaagatg aaaaagggga agaagatgga aaagaggata aaaatggaaa 540 tgagaaagga gaagatgcaa aagagaaaga agatggaaaa aaaggtgaag acggaaaagg 600 aaatggagaa gatggaaaag agaaaggaga agatgaaaaa gaggaagaag acagaaaaga 660 aacaggagtt ggaaaagaga atgaagatgg aaaagagaag ggagataaaa aagaggggaa 720 agatgtaaaa gtcaaagaag atgaaaaaga gagagaagat ggaaaagaag atgaaggtgg 780 aaatgaggaa gaagctggaa aagagaaaga agatttaaaa gaagaggaag aaggaaaaga 840 ggaagatgag atcaaagaag atgatggaaa aaaagaggag ccacagagta ttgtttaaaa 900 ctgccctatg tagtttcata atttggtaac atgtaccttc atgttgtaaa gttaatagag 960 ataaatattt ttatcaaaaa ttttataaac acagcctttc tttagcattg atttaatttc 1020 agaacatctt catattgatt attagccata aagtttctaa catgaaacat ttatctataa 1080 attttgtgat tatagtagtg gaatacatag aaaaaaatat gctttcaact ttgtgagtga 1140 atttcgtgtt gtgtaagtta tatgtcaaat ctttgaattt taattttact ccttttatac 1200 atgtgataat ttcataaagt gagggatccc aaaaaaagag tttcatccca acattcttgt 1260 tctgcaggtt gcttttataa agaaggtgaa ctattttcat gtaatgttaa gagttaaact 1320 tatctttccc aaatataact ttattattag cttgggaaaa atgaaattgt attcccattt 1380 ttaaaataaa tacaaatgtt tatttcagaa gggcagtttt gattatatgt gaatacacaa 1440 attttactgg atttatctta ataaaaagac tctgacgatg attgtgtttt gttatatctt 1500 caaaaatata gctagtgaaa tattgtgctt aatttttttc tattgtgtta ttcatgaaaa 1560 tatttaatat tcactgacat aaaattaata taaagtaaaa ttcaccattt taattataat 1620 aaaaataaag tatataattc aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa agggcggcc 1669 185 819 DNA Homo sapiens 185 atgcccaaaa gaaagccaaa gagaagatct gccaggttgt ctgctatgct tgtgccagtt 60 acaccagagg tgaagcctaa aagaacatca agttcaagga aaatgaagac aaaaagtgat 120 atgatggaag aaaacataga tacaagtgcc caagcagttg ctgaaaccaa gcaagaagca 180 gttgttgaag aagactacaa tgaaaatgct aaaaatggag aagccaaaat tacagaggca 240 ccagcttctg aaaaagaaat tgtggaagta aaagaagaaa atattgaaga tgccacagaa 300 aagggaggag aaaagaaaga agcagtggca gcagaagtaa aaaatgaaga agaagatcag 360 aaagaagatg aagaagatca aaacgaagag aaaggggaag ctggaaaaga agacaaagat 420 gaaaaagggg aagaagatgg aaaagaggat aaaaatggaa atgagaaagg agaagatgca 480 aaagagaaag aagatggaaa aaaaggtgaa gacggaaaag gaaatggaga agatggaaaa 540 gagaaaggag aagatgaaaa agaggaagaa gacagaaaag aaacaggagt tggaaaagag 600 aatgaagatg gaaaagagaa gggagataaa aaagagggga aagatgtaaa agtcaaagaa 660 gatgaaaaag agagagaaga tggaaaagaa gatgaaggtg gaaatgagga agaagctgga 720 aaagagaaag aagatttaaa agaagaggaa gaaggaaaag aggaagatga gatcaaagaa 780 gatgatggaa aaaaagagga gccacagagt attgtttaa 819 186 272 PRT Homo sapiens 186 Met Pro Lys Arg Lys Pro Lys Arg Arg Ser Ala Arg Leu Ser Ala Met 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Pro Val Thr Pro Glu Val Lys Pro Lys Arg Thr Ser Ser Ser 20 25 30 Arg Lys Met Lys Thr Lys Ser Asp Met Met Glu Glu Asn Ile Asp Thr 35 40 45 Ser Ala Gln Ala Val Ala Glu Thr Lys Gln Glu Ala Val Val Glu Glu 50 55 60 Asp Tyr Asn Glu Asn Ala Lys Asn Gly Glu Ala Lys Ile Thr Glu Ala 65 70 75 80 Pro Ala Ser Glu Lys Glu Ile Val Glu Val Lys Glu Glu Asn Ile Glu 85 90 95 Asp Ala Thr Glu Lys Gly Gly Glu Lys Lys Glu Ala Val Ala Ala Glu 100 105 110 Val Lys Asn Glu Glu Glu Asp Gln Lys Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp Gln Asn 115 120 125 Glu Glu Lys Gly Glu Ala Gly Lys Glu Asp Lys Asp Glu Lys Gly Glu 130 135 140 Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Asp Lys Asn Gly Asn Glu Lys Gly Glu Asp Ala 145 150 155 160 Lys Glu Lys Glu Asp Gly Lys Lys Gly Glu Asp Gly Lys Gly Asn Gly 165 170 175 Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Lys Gly Glu Asp Glu Lys Glu Glu Glu Asp Arg 180 185 190 Lys Glu Thr Gly Val Gly Lys Glu Asn Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Lys Gly 195 200 205 Asp Lys Lys Glu Gly Lys Asp Val Lys Val Lys Glu Asp Glu Lys Glu 210 215 220 Arg Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Asp Glu Gly Gly Asn Glu Glu Glu Ala Gly 225 230 235 240 Lys Glu Lys Glu Asp Leu Lys Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Lys Glu Glu Asp 245 250 255 Glu Ile Lys Glu Asp Asp Gly Lys Lys Glu Glu Pro Gln Ser Ile Val 260 265 270 187 774 DNA Homo sapiens 187 atgcttgtgc cagttacacc agaggtgaag cctaaaagaa catcaagttc aaggaaaatg 60 aagacaaaaa gtgatatgat ggaagaaaac atagatacaa gtgcccaagc agttgctgaa 120 accaagcaag aagcagttgt tgaagaagac tacaatgaaa atgctaaaaa tggagaagcc 180 aaaattacag aggcaccagc ttctgaaaaa gaaattgtgg aagtaaaaga agaaaatatt 240 gaagatgcca cagaaaaggg aggagaaaag aaagaagcag tggcagcaga agtaaaaaat 300 gaagaagaag atcagaaaga agatgaagaa gatcaaaacg aagagaaagg ggaagctgga 360 aaagaagaca aagatgaaaa aggggaagaa gatggaaaag aggataaaaa tggaaatgag 420 aaaggagaag atgcaaaaga gaaagaagat ggaaaaaaag gtgaagacgg aaaaggaaat 480 ggagaagatg gaaaagagaa aggagaagat gaaaaagagg aagaagacag aaaagaaaca 540 ggagttggaa aagagaatga agatggaaaa gagaagggag ataaaaaaga ggggaaagat 600 gtaaaagtca aagaagatga aaaagagaga gaagatggaa aagaagatga aggtggaaat 660 gaggaagaag ctggaaaaga gaaagaagat ttaaaagaag aggaagaagg aaaagaggaa 720 gatgagatca aagaagatga tggaaaaaaa gaggagccac agagtattgt ttaa 774 188 257 PRT Homo sapiens 188 Met Leu Val Pro Val Thr Pro Glu Val Lys Pro Lys Arg Thr Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Arg Lys Met Lys Thr Lys Ser Asp Met Met Glu Glu Asn Ile Asp 20 25 30 Thr Ser Ala Gln Ala Val Ala Glu Thr Lys Gln Glu Ala Val Val Glu 35 40 45 Glu Asp Tyr Asn Glu Asn Ala Lys Asn Gly Glu Ala Lys Ile Thr Glu 50 55 60 Ala Pro Ala Ser Glu Lys Glu Ile Val Glu Val Lys Glu Glu Asn Ile 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Ala Thr Glu Lys Gly Gly Glu Lys Lys Glu Ala Val Ala Ala 85 90 95 Glu Val Lys Asn Glu Glu Glu Asp Gln Lys Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp Gln 100 105 110 Asn Glu Glu Lys Gly Glu Ala Gly Lys Glu Asp Lys Asp Glu Lys Gly 115 120 125 Glu Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Asp Lys Asn Gly Asn Glu Lys Gly Glu Asp 130 135 140 Ala Lys Glu Lys Glu Asp Gly Lys Lys Gly Glu Asp Gly Lys Gly Asn 145 150 155 160 Gly Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Lys Gly Glu Asp Glu Lys Glu Glu Glu Asp 165 170 175 Arg Lys Glu Thr Gly Val Gly Lys Glu Asn Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Lys 180 185 190 Gly Asp Lys Lys Glu Gly Lys Asp Val Lys Val Lys Glu Asp Glu Lys 195 200 205 Glu Arg Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Asp Glu Gly Gly Asn Glu Glu Glu Ala 210 215 220 Gly Lys Glu Lys Glu Asp Leu Lys Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Lys Glu Glu 225 230 235 240 Asp Glu Ile Lys Glu Asp Asp Gly Lys Lys Glu Glu Pro Gln Ser Ile 245 250 255 Val 189 717 DNA Homo sapiens 189 atgaagacaa aaagtgatat gatggaagaa aacatagata caagtgccca agcagttgct 60 gaaaccaagc aagaagcagt tgttgaagaa gactacaatg aaaatgctaa aaatggagaa 120 gccaaaatta cagaggcacc agcttctgaa aaagaaattg tggaagtaaa agaagaaaat 180 attgaagatg ccacagaaaa gggaggagaa aagaaagaag cagtggcagc agaagtaaaa 240 aatgaagaag aagatcagaa agaagatgaa gaagatcaaa acgaagagaa aggggaagct 300 ggaaaagaag acaaagatga aaaaggggaa gaagatggaa aagaggataa aaatggaaat 360 gagaaaggag aagatgcaaa agagaaagaa gatggaaaaa aaggtgaaga cggaaaagga 420 aatggagaag atggaaaaga gaaaggagaa gatgaaaaag aggaagaaga cagaaaagaa 480 acaggagttg gaaaagagaa tgaagatgga aaagagaagg gagataaaaa agaggggaaa 540 gatgtaaaag tcaaagaaga tgaaaaagag agagaagatg gaaaagaaga tgaaggtgga 600 aatgaggaag aagctggaaa agagaaagaa gatttaaaag aagaggaaga aggaaaagag 660 gaagatgaga tcaaagaaga tgatggaaaa aaagaggagc cacagagtat tgtttaa 717 190 238 PRT Homo sapiens 190 Met Lys Thr Lys Ser Asp Met Met Glu Glu Asn Ile Asp Thr Ser Ala 1 5 10 15 Gln Ala Val Ala Glu Thr Lys Gln Glu Ala Val Val Glu Glu Asp Tyr 20 25 30 Asn Glu Asn Ala Lys Asn Gly Glu Ala Lys Ile Thr Glu Ala Pro Ala 35 40 45 Ser Glu Lys Glu Ile Val Glu Val Lys Glu Glu Asn Ile Glu Asp Ala 50 55 60 Thr Glu Lys Gly Gly Glu Lys Lys Glu Ala Val Ala Ala Glu Val Lys 65 70 75 80 Asn Glu Glu Glu Asp Gln Lys Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp Gln Asn Glu Glu 85 90 95 Lys Gly Glu Ala Gly Lys Glu Asp Lys Asp Glu Lys Gly Glu Glu Asp 100 105 110 Gly Lys Glu Asp Lys Asn Gly Asn Glu Lys Gly Glu Asp Ala Lys Glu 115 120 125 Lys Glu Asp Gly Lys Lys Gly Glu Asp Gly Lys Gly Asn Gly Glu Asp 130 135 140 Gly Lys Glu Lys Gly Glu Asp Glu Lys Glu Glu Glu Asp Arg Lys Glu 145 150 155 160 Thr Gly Val Gly Lys Glu Asn Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Lys Gly Asp Lys 165 170 175 Lys Glu Gly Lys Asp Val Lys Val Lys Glu Asp Glu Lys Glu Arg Glu 180 185 190 Asp Gly Lys Glu Asp Glu Gly Gly Asn Glu Glu Glu Ala Gly Lys Glu 195 200 205 Lys Glu Asp Leu Lys Glu Glu Glu Glu Gly Lys Glu Glu Asp Glu Ile 210 215 220 Lys Glu Asp Asp Gly Lys Lys Glu Glu Pro Gln Ser Ile Val 225 230 235 191 699 DNA Homo sapiens 191 atgatggaag aaaacataga tacaagtgcc caagcagttg ctgaaaccaa gcaagaagca 60 gttgttgaag aagactacaa tgaaaatgct aaaaatggag aagccaaaat tacagaggca 120 ccagcttctg aaaaagaaat tgtggaagta aaagaagaaa atattgaaga tgccacagaa 180 aagggaggag aaaagaaaga agcagtggca gcagaagtaa aaaatgaaga agaagatcag 240 aaagaagatg aagaagatca aaacgaagag aaaggggaag ctggaaaaga agacaaagat 300 gaaaaagggg aagaagatgg aaaagaggat aaaaatggaa atgagaaagg agaagatgca 360 aaagagaaag aagatggaaa aaaaggtgaa gacggaaaag gaaatggaga agatggaaaa 420 gagaaaggag aagatgaaaa agaggaagaa gacagaaaag aaacaggagt tggaaaagag 480 aatgaagatg gaaaagagaa gggagataaa aaagagggga aagatgtaaa agtcaaagaa 540 gatgaaaaag agagagaaga tggaaaagaa gatgaaggtg gaaatgagga agaagctgga 600 aaagagaaag aagatttaaa agaagaggaa gaaggaaaag aggaagatga gatcaaagaa 660 gatgatggaa aaaaagagga gccacagagt attgtttaa 699 192 232 PRT Homo sapiens 192 Met Met Glu Glu Asn Ile Asp Thr Ser Ala Gln Ala Val Ala Glu Thr 1 5 10 15 Lys Gln Glu Ala Val Val Glu Glu Asp Tyr Asn Glu Asn Ala Lys Asn 20 25 30 Gly Glu Ala Lys Ile Thr Glu Ala Pro Ala Ser Glu Lys Glu Ile Val 35 40 45 Glu Val Lys Glu Glu Asn Ile Glu Asp Ala Thr Glu Lys Gly Gly Glu 50 55 60 Lys Lys Glu Ala Val Ala Ala Glu Val Lys Asn Glu Glu Glu Asp Gln 65 70 75 80 Lys Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp Gln Asn Glu Glu Lys Gly Glu Ala Gly Lys 85 90 95 Glu Asp Lys Asp Glu Lys Gly Glu Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Asp Lys Asn 100 105 110 Gly Asn Glu Lys Gly Glu Asp Ala Lys Glu Lys Glu Asp Gly Lys Lys 115 120 125 Gly Glu Asp Gly Lys Gly Asn Gly Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Lys Gly Glu 130 135 140 Asp Glu Lys Glu Glu Glu Asp Arg Lys Glu Thr Gly Val Gly Lys Glu 145 150 155 160 Asn Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Lys Gly Asp Lys Lys Glu Gly Lys Asp Val 165 170 175 Lys Val Lys Glu Asp Glu Lys Glu Arg Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Asp Glu 180 185 190 Gly Gly Asn Glu Glu Glu Ala Gly Lys Glu Lys Glu Asp Leu Lys Glu 195 200 205 Glu Glu Glu Gly Lys Glu Glu Asp Glu Ile Lys Glu Asp Asp Gly Lys 210 215 220 Lys Glu Glu Pro Gln Ser Ile Val 225 230 193 696 DNA Homo sapiens 193 atggaagaaa acatagatac aagtgcccaa gcagttgctg aaaccaagca agaagcagtt 60 gttgaagaag actacaatga aaatgctaaa aatggagaag ccaaaattac agaggcacca 120 gcttctgaaa aagaaattgt ggaagtaaaa gaagaaaata ttgaagatgc cacagaaaag 180 ggaggagaaa agaaagaagc agtggcagca gaagtaaaaa atgaagaaga agatcagaaa 240 gaagatgaag aagatcaaaa cgaagagaaa ggggaagctg gaaaagaaga caaagatgaa 300 aaaggggaag aagatggaaa agaggataaa aatggaaatg agaaaggaga agatgcaaaa 360 gagaaagaag atggaaaaaa aggtgaagac ggaaaaggaa atggagaaga tggaaaagag 420 aaaggagaag atgaaaaaga ggaagaagac agaaaagaaa caggagttgg aaaagagaat 480 gaagatggaa aagagaaggg agataaaaaa gaggggaaag atgtaaaagt caaagaagat 540 gaaaaagaga gagaagatgg aaaagaagat gaaggtggaa atgaggaaga agctggaaaa 600 gagaaagaag atttaaaaga agaggaagaa ggaaaagagg aagatgagat caaagaagat 660 gatggaaaaa aagaggagcc acagagtatt gtttaa 696 194 231 PRT Homo sapiens 194 Met Glu Glu Asn Ile Asp Thr Ser Ala Gln Ala Val Ala Glu Thr Lys 1 5 10 15 Gln Glu Ala Val Val Glu Glu Asp Tyr Asn Glu Asn Ala Lys Asn Gly 20 25 30 Glu Ala Lys Ile Thr Glu Ala Pro Ala Ser Glu Lys Glu Ile Val Glu 35 40 45 Val Lys Glu Glu Asn Ile Glu Asp Ala Thr Glu Lys Gly Gly Glu Lys 50 55 60 Lys Glu Ala Val Ala Ala Glu Val Lys Asn Glu Glu Glu Asp Gln Lys 65 70 75 80 Glu Asp Glu Glu Asp Gln Asn Glu Glu Lys Gly Glu Ala Gly Lys Glu 85 90 95 Asp Lys Asp Glu Lys Gly Glu Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Asp Lys Asn Gly 100 105 110 Asn Glu Lys Gly Glu Asp Ala Lys Glu Lys Glu Asp Gly Lys Lys Gly 115 120 125 Glu Asp Gly Lys Gly Asn Gly Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Lys Gly Glu Asp 130 135 140 Glu Lys Glu Glu Glu Asp Arg Lys Glu Thr Gly Val Gly Lys Glu Asn 145 150 155 160 Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Lys Gly Asp Lys Lys Glu Gly Lys Asp Val Lys 165 170 175 Val Lys Glu Asp Glu Lys Glu Arg Glu Asp Gly Lys Glu Asp Glu Gly 180 185 190 Gly Asn Glu Glu Glu Ala Gly Lys Glu Lys Glu Asp Leu Lys Glu Glu 195 200 205 Glu Glu Gly Lys Glu Glu Asp Glu Ile Lys Glu Asp Asp Gly Lys Lys 210 215 220 Glu Glu Pro Gln Ser Ile Val 225 230 195 72 DNA Homo sapiens 195 atgaaaatgc taaaaatgga gaagccaaaa ttacagaggc accagcttct gaaaaagaaa 60 ttgtggaagt aa 72 196 23 PRT Homo sapiens 196 Met Lys Met Leu Lys Met Glu Lys Pro Lys Leu Gln Arg His Gln Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Lys Lys Lys Leu Trp Lys 20 197 66 DNA Homo sapiens 197 atgctaaaaa tggagaagcc aaaattacag aggcaccagc ttctgaaaaa gaaattgtgg 60 aagtaa 66 198 21 PRT Homo sapiens 198 Met Leu Lys Met Glu Lys Pro Lys Leu Gln Arg His Gln Leu Leu Lys 1 5 10 15 Lys Lys Leu Trp Lys 20 199 57 DNA Homo sapiens 199 atggagaagc caaaattaca gaggcaccag cttctgaaaa agaaattgtg gaagtaa 57 200 18 PRT Homo sapiens 200 Met Glu Lys Pro Lys Leu Gln Arg His Gln Leu Leu Lys Lys Lys Leu 1 5 10 15 Trp Lys 201 51 DNA Homo sapiens 201 atgccacaga aaagggagga gaaaagaaag aagcagtggc agcagaagta a 51 202 16 PRT Homo sapiens 202 Met Pro Gln Lys Arg Glu Glu Lys Arg Lys Lys Gln Trp Gln Gln Lys 1 5 10 15 203 306 DNA Homo sapiens 203 atgaagaaga agatcagaaa gaagatgaag aagatcaaaa cgaagagaaa ggggaagctg 60 gaaaagaaga caaagatgaa aaaggggaag aagatggaaa agaggataaa aatggaaatg 120 agaaaggaga agatgcaaaa gagaaagaag atggaaaaaa aggtgaagac ggaaaaggaa 180 atggagaaga tggaaaagag aaaggagaag atgaaaaaga ggaagaagac agaaaagaaa 240 caggagttgg aaaagagaat gaagatggaa aagagaaggg agataaaaaa gaggggaaag 300 atgtaa 306 204 101 PRT Homo sapiens 204 Met Lys Lys Lys Ile Arg Lys Lys Met Lys Lys Ile Lys Thr Lys Arg 1 5 10 15 Lys Gly Lys Leu Glu Lys Lys Thr Lys Met Lys Lys Gly Lys Lys Met 20 25 30 Glu Lys Arg Ile Lys Met Glu Met Arg Lys Glu Lys Met Gln Lys Arg 35 40 45 Lys Lys Met Glu Lys Lys Val Lys Thr Glu Lys Glu Met Glu Lys Met 50 55 60 Glu Lys Arg Lys Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Arg Lys Lys Thr Glu Lys Lys 65 70 75 80 Gln Glu Leu Glu Lys Arg Met Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Arg Glu Ile Lys 85 90 95 Lys Arg Gly Lys Met 100 205 282 DNA Homo sapiens 205 atgaagaaga tcaaaacgaa gagaaagggg aagctggaaa agaagacaaa gatgaaaaag 60 gggaagaaga tggaaaagag gataaaaatg gaaatgagaa aggagaagat gcaaaagaga 120 aagaagatgg aaaaaaaggt gaagacggaa aaggaaatgg agaagatgga aaagagaaag 180 gagaagatga aaaagaggaa gaagacagaa aagaaacagg agttggaaaa gagaatgaag 240 atggaaaaga gaagggagat aaaaaagagg ggaaagatgt aa 282 206 93 PRT Homo sapiens 206 Met Lys Lys Ile Lys Thr Lys Arg Lys Gly Lys Leu Glu Lys Lys Thr 1 5 10 15 Lys Met Lys Lys Gly Lys Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Ile Lys Met Glu Met 20 25 30 Arg Lys Glu Lys Met Gln Lys Arg Lys Lys Met Glu Lys Lys Val Lys 35 40 45 Thr Glu Lys Glu Met Glu Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Lys Glu Lys Met Lys 50 55 60 Lys Arg Lys Lys Thr Glu Lys Lys Gln Glu Leu Glu Lys Arg Met Lys 65 70 75 80 Met Glu Lys Arg Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Arg Gly Lys Met 85 90 207 231 DNA Homo sapiens 207 atgaaaaagg ggaagaagat ggaaaagagg ataaaaatgg aaatgagaaa ggagaagatg 60 caaaagagaa agaagatgga aaaaaaggtg aagacggaaa aggaaatgga gaagatggaa 120 aagagaaagg agaagatgaa aaagaggaag aagacagaaa agaaacagga gttggaaaag 180 agaatgaaga tggaaaagag aagggagata aaaaagaggg gaaagatgta a 231 208 76 PRT Homo sapiens 208 Met Lys Lys Gly Lys Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Ile Lys Met Glu Met Arg 1 5 10 15 Lys Glu Lys Met Gln Lys Arg Lys Lys Met Glu Lys Lys Val Lys Thr 20 25 30 Glu Lys Glu Met Glu Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Lys Glu Lys Met Lys Lys 35 40 45 Arg Lys Lys Thr Glu Lys Lys Gln Glu Leu Glu Lys Arg Met Lys Met 50 55 60 Glu Lys Arg Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Arg Gly Lys Met 65 70 75 209 213 DNA Homo sapiens 209 atggaaaaga ggataaaaat ggaaatgaga aaggagaaga tgcaaaagag aaagaagatg 60 gaaaaaaagg tgaagacgga aaaggaaatg gagaagatgg aaaagagaaa ggagaagatg 120 aaaaagagga agaagacaga aaagaaacag gagttggaaa agagaatgaa gatggaaaag 180 agaagggaga taaaaaagag gggaaagatg taa 213 210 70 PRT Homo sapiens 210 Met Glu Lys Arg Ile Lys Met Glu Met Arg Lys Glu Lys Met Gln Lys 1 5 10 15 Arg Lys Lys Met Glu Lys Lys Val Lys Thr Glu Lys Glu Met Glu Lys 20 25 30 Met Glu Lys Arg Lys Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Arg Lys Lys Thr Glu Lys 35 40 45 Lys Gln Glu Leu Glu Lys Arg Met Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Arg Glu Ile 50 55 60 Lys Lys Arg Gly Lys Met 65 70 211 195 DNA Homo sapiens 211 atggaaatga gaaaggagaa gatgcaaaag agaaagaaga tggaaaaaaa ggtgaagacg 60 gaaaaggaaa tggagaagat ggaaaagaga aaggagaaga tgaaaaagag gaagaagaca 120 gaaaagaaac aggagttgga aaagagaatg aagatggaaa agagaaggga gataaaaaag 180 aggggaaaga tgtaa 195 212 64 PRT Homo sapiens 212 Met Glu Met Arg Lys Glu Lys Met Gln Lys Arg Lys Lys Met Glu Lys 1 5 10 15 Lys Val Lys Thr Glu Lys Glu Met Glu Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Lys Glu 20 25 30 Lys Met Lys Lys Arg Lys Lys Thr Glu Lys Lys Gln Glu Leu Glu Lys 35 40 45 Arg Met Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Arg Gly Lys Met 50 55 60 213 189 DNA Homo sapiens 213 atgagaaagg agaagatgca aaagagaaag aagatggaaa aaaaggtgaa gacggaaaag 60 gaaatggaga agatggaaaa gagaaaggag aagatgaaaa agaggaagaa gacagaaaag 120 aaacaggagt tggaaaagag aatgaagatg gaaaagagaa gggagataaa aaagagggga 180 aagatgtaa 189 214 62 PRT Homo sapiens 214 Met Arg Lys Glu Lys Met Gln Lys Arg Lys Lys Met Glu Lys Lys Val 1 5 10 15 Lys Thr Glu Lys Glu Met Glu Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Lys Glu Lys Met 20 25 30 Lys Lys Arg Lys Lys Thr Glu Lys Lys Gln Glu Leu Glu Lys Arg Met 35 40 45 Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Arg Gly Lys Met 50 55 60 215 174 DNA Homo sapiens 215 atgcaaaaga gaaagaagat ggaaaaaaag gtgaagacgg aaaaggaaat ggagaagatg 60 gaaaagagaa aggagaagat gaaaaagagg aagaagacag aaaagaaaca ggagttggaa 120 aagagaatga agatggaaaa gagaagggag ataaaaaaga ggggaaagat gtaa 174 216 57 PRT Homo sapiens 216 Met Gln Lys Arg Lys Lys Met Glu Lys Lys Val Lys Thr Glu Lys Glu 1 5 10 15 Met Glu Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Lys Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Arg Lys Lys 20 25 30 Thr Glu Lys Lys Gln Glu Leu Glu Lys Arg Met Lys Met Glu Lys Arg 35 40 45 Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Arg Gly Lys Met 50 55 217 156 DNA Homo sapiens 217 atggaaaaaa aggtgaagac ggaaaaggaa atggagaaga tggaaaagag aaaggagaag 60 atgaaaaaga ggaagaagac agaaaagaaa caggagttgg aaaagagaat gaagatggaa 120 aagagaaggg agataaaaaa gaggggaaag atgtaa 156 218 51 PRT Homo sapiens 218 Met Glu Lys Lys Val Lys Thr Glu Lys Glu Met Glu Lys Met Glu Lys 1 5 10 15 Arg Lys Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Arg Lys Lys Thr Glu Lys Lys Gln Glu 20 25 30 Leu Glu Lys Arg Met Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Arg 35 40 45 Gly Lys Met 50 219 126 DNA Homo sapiens 219 atggagaaga tggaaaagag aaaggagaag atgaaaaaga ggaagaagac agaaaagaaa 60 caggagttgg aaaagagaat gaagatggaa aagagaaggg agataaaaaa gaggggaaag 120 atgtaa 126 220 41 PRT Homo sapiens 220 Met Glu Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Lys Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Arg Lys Lys 1 5 10 15 Thr Glu Lys Lys Gln Glu Leu Glu Lys Arg Met Lys Met Glu Lys Arg 20 25 30 Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Arg Gly Lys Met 35 40 221 117 DNA Homo sapiens 221 atggaaaaga gaaaggagaa gatgaaaaag aggaagaaga cagaaaagaa acaggagttg 60 gaaaagagaa tgaagatgga aaagagaagg gagataaaaa agaggggaaa gatgtaa 117 222 38 PRT Homo sapiens 222 Met Glu Lys Arg Lys Glu Lys Met Lys Lys Arg Lys Lys Thr Glu Lys 1 5 10 15 Lys Gln Glu Leu Glu Lys Arg Met Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Arg Glu Ile 20 25 30 Lys Lys Arg Gly Lys Met 35 223 96 DNA Homo sapiens 223 atgaaaaaga ggaagaagac agaaaagaaa caggagttgg aaaagagaat gaagatggaa 60 aagagaaggg agataaaaaa gaggggaaag atgtaa 96 224 31 PRT Homo sapiens 224 Met Lys Lys Arg Lys Lys Thr Glu Lys Lys Gln Glu Leu Glu Lys Arg 1 5 10 15 Met Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Arg Gly Lys Met 20 25 30 225 48 DNA Homo sapiens 225 atgaagatgg aaaagagaag ggagataaaa aagaggggaa agatgtaa 48 226 15 PRT Homo sapiens 226 Met Lys Met Glu Lys Arg Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Arg Gly Lys Met 1 5 10 15 227 42 DNA Homo sapiens 227 atggaaaaga gaagggagat aaaaaagagg ggaaagatgt aa 42 228 13 PRT Homo sapiens 228 Met Glu Lys Arg Arg Glu Ile Lys Lys Arg Gly Lys Met 1 5 10 229 78 DNA Homo sapiens 229 atgaaaaaga gagagaagat ggaaaagaag atgaaggtgg aaatgaggaa gaagctggaa 60 aagagaaaga agatttaa 78 230 25 PRT Homo sapiens 230 Met Lys Lys Arg Glu Lys Met Glu Lys Lys Met Lys Val Glu Met Arg 1 5 10 15 Lys Lys Leu Glu Lys Arg Lys Lys Ile 20 25 231 60 DNA Homo sapiens 231 atggaaaaga agatgaaggt ggaaatgagg aagaagctgg aaaagagaaa gaagatttaa 60 232 19 PRT Homo sapiens 232 Met Glu Lys Lys Met Lys Val Glu Met Arg Lys Lys Leu Glu Lys Arg 1 5 10 15 Lys Lys Ile 233 48 DNA Homo sapiens 233 atgaaggtgg aaatgaggaa gaagctggaa aagagaaaga agatttaa 48 234 15 PRT Homo sapiens 234 Met Lys Val Glu Met Arg Lys Lys Leu Glu Lys Arg Lys Lys Ile 1 5 10 15 235 36 DNA Homo sapiens 235 atgaggaaga agctggaaaa gagaaagaag atttaa 36 236 11 PRT Homo sapiens 236 Met Arg Lys Lys Leu Glu Lys Arg Lys Lys Ile 1 5 10 237 84 DNA Homo sapiens 237 atgagatcaa agaagatgat ggaaaaaaag aggagccaca gagtattgtt taaaactgcc 60 ctatgtagtt tcataatttg gtaa 84 238 27 PRT Homo sapiens 238 Met Arg Ser Lys Lys Met Met Glu Lys Lys Arg Ser His Arg Val Leu 1 5 10 15 Phe Lys Thr Ala Leu Cys Ser Phe Ile Ile Trp 20 25 239 69 DNA Homo sapiens 239 atgatggaaa aaaagaggag ccacagagta ttgtttaaaa ctgccctatg tagtttcata 60 atttggtaa 69 240 22 PRT Homo sapiens 240 Met Met Glu Lys Lys Arg Ser His Arg Val Leu Phe Lys Thr Ala Leu 1 5 10 15 Cys Ser Phe Ile Ile Trp 20 241 66 DNA Homo sapiens 241 atggaaaaaa agaggagcca cagagtattg tttaaaactg ccctatgtag tttcataatt 60 tggtaa 66 242 21 PRT Homo sapiens 242 Met Glu Lys Lys Arg Ser His Arg Val Leu Phe Lys Thr Ala Leu Cys 1 5 10 15 Ser Phe Ile Ile Trp 20 243 75 DNA Homo sapiens 243 atgtaccttc atgttgtaaa gttaatagag ataaatattt ttatcaaaaa ttttataaac 60 acagcctttc tttag 75 244 24 PRT Homo sapiens 244 Met Tyr Leu His Val Val Lys Leu Ile Glu Ile Asn Ile Phe Ile Lys 1 5 10 15 Asn Phe Ile Asn Thr Ala Phe Leu 20 245 75 DNA Homo sapiens 245 atgaaacatt tatctataaa ttttgtgatt atagtagtgg aatacataga aaaaaatatg 60 ctttcaactt tgtga 75 246 24 PRT Homo sapiens 246 Met Lys His Leu Ser Ile Asn Phe Val Ile Ile Val Val Glu Tyr Ile 1 5 10 15 Glu Lys Asn Met Leu Ser Thr Leu 20 247 18 DNA Homo sapiens 247 atgctttcaa ctttgtga 18 248 5 PRT Homo sapiens 248 Met Leu Ser Thr Leu 1 5 249 15 DNA Homo sapiens 249 atgtcaaatc tttga 15 250 4 PRT Homo sapiens 250 Met Ser Asn Leu 1 251 81 DNA Homo sapiens 251 atgttaagag ttaaacttat ctttcccaaa tataacttta ttattagctt gggaaaaatg 60 aaattgtatt cccattttta a 81 252 26 PRT Homo sapiens 252 Met Leu Arg Val Lys Leu Ile Phe Pro Lys Tyr Asn Phe Ile Ile Ser 1 5 10 15 Leu Gly Lys Met Lys Leu Tyr Ser His Phe 20 25 253 24 DNA Homo sapiens 253 atgaaattgt attcccattt ttaa 24 254 7 PRT Homo sapiens 254 Met Lys Leu Tyr Ser His Phe 1 5 255 27 DNA Homo sapiens 255 atgtttattt cagaagggca gttttga 27 256 8 PRT Homo sapiens 256 Met Phe Ile Ser Glu Gly Gln Phe 1 5 257 90 DNA Homo sapiens 257 atgattgtgt tttgttatat cttcaaaaat atagctagtg aaatattgtg cttaattttt 60 ttctattgtg ttattcatga aaatatttaa 90 258 29 PRT Homo sapiens 258 Met Ile Val Phe Cys Tyr Ile Phe Lys Asn Ile Ala Ser Glu Ile Leu 1 5 10 15 Cys Leu Ile Phe Phe Tyr Cys Val Ile His Glu Asn Ile 20 25 259 24 DNA Homo sapiens 259 atgaaaatat ttaatattca ctga 24 260 7 PRT Homo sapiens 260 Met Lys Ile Phe Asn Ile His 1 5 261 1182 DNA Homo sapiens 261 tcgacccacg cgtccgtgat aaataactta taggtgatag tgataattcc tgattccaag 60 aatgccatct gataaaaaag aatagaaatg gaaagtggga ctgagaggga gtcagcaggc 120 atgctgcggt ggcggtcact ccctctgcca ctatccccag ggaaggaaag gctccgccat 180 ttgggaaagt ggtttctacg tcactggaca ccggttctga gcattagttt gagaactcgt 240 tcccgaatgt gctttcctcc ctctcccctg cccacctcaa gtttaataaa taaggttgta 300 cttttcttac tataaaataa atgtctgtaa ctgctgtgca ctgctgtaaa cttgttagag 360 aaaaaaataa cctgcatgtg ggctcctcag ttattgagtt tttgtgatcc tatctcagtc 420 tgggggggaa cattctcaag aggtgaaata caagaaagcc tttttttctt ggatcttttc 480 ccgagattca aatctccgat ttcccatttg ggggcaagtt tttttcttca ccttcaatat 540 gagaattcag cgaacttgaa agaaaaatca tctgtgagtt ccttcaggtt ctcactcata 600 gtcatgatcc ttcagaggga atatgcactg gcgagtttaa agtaagggct atgatatttg 660 atggtcccaa agtacggcag ctgcaaaaag tagtggaagg aaattgtcta cgtgtcttgg 720 aaaaattagt taggaatttg gatgggtaaa aggtaccctt gccttactcc atcttatttt 780 cttagccccc tttgagtgtt ttaactggtt tcatgtccta gtaggaagtg cattctccat 840 cctcatcctc tgccctccca ggaagtcagt gattgtcttt ttgggcttcc cctccaaagg 900 accttctgca gtggaagtgc cacatccagt tcttttcttt tgttgctgct gtgtttagat 960 aattgaagag atctttgtgc cacacaggat tttttttttt ttttaagaaa aacctataga 1020 tgaaaaatta ctaatgaaac tgtgtgtacg tgtctgtgcg tgcaacataa aaatacagta 1080 gcacctaagg agcttgaatc ttggttcctg taaaatttca aattgatgtg gtattaataa 1140 aaaaaaaaaa aacccaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaagggcgg cc 1182 262 24 DNA Homo sapiens 262 atgccatctg ataaaaaaga atag 24 263 7 PRT Homo sapiens 263 Met Pro Ser Asp Lys Lys Glu 1 5 264 228 DNA Homo sapiens 264 atggaaagtg ggactgagag ggagtcagca ggcatgctgc ggtggcggtc actccctctg 60 ccactatccc cagggaagga aaggctccgc catttgggaa agtggtttct acgtcactgg 120 acaccggttc tgagcattag tttgagaact cgttcccgaa tgtgctttcc tccctctccc 180 ctgcccacct caagtttaat aaataaggtt gtacttttct tactataa 228 265 75 PRT Homo sapiens 265 Met Glu Ser Gly Thr Glu Arg Glu Ser Ala Gly Met Leu Arg Trp Arg 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Pro Leu Pro Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys Glu Arg Leu Arg His Leu 20 25 30 Gly Lys Trp Phe Leu Arg His Trp Thr Pro Val Leu Ser Ile Ser Leu 35 40 45 Arg Thr Arg Ser Arg Met Cys Phe Pro Pro Ser Pro Leu Pro Thr Ser 50 55 60 Ser Leu Ile Asn Lys Val Val Leu Phe Leu Leu 65 70 75 266 195 DNA Homo sapiens 266 atgctgcggt ggcggtcact ccctctgcca ctatccccag ggaaggaaag gctccgccat 60 ttgggaaagt ggtttctacg tcactggaca ccggttctga gcattagttt gagaactcgt 120 tcccgaatgt gctttcctcc ctctcccctg cccacctcaa gtttaataaa taaggttgta 180 cttttcttac tataa 195 267 64 PRT Homo sapiens 267 Met Leu Arg Trp Arg Ser Leu Pro Leu Pro Leu Ser Pro Gly Lys Glu 1 5 10 15 Arg Leu Arg His Leu Gly Lys Trp Phe Leu Arg His Trp Thr Pro Val 20 25 30 Leu Ser Ile Ser Leu Arg Thr Arg Ser Arg Met Cys Phe Pro Pro Ser 35 40 45 Pro Leu Pro Thr Ser Ser Leu Ile Asn Lys Val Val Leu Phe Leu Leu 50 55 60 268 69 DNA Homo sapiens 268 atgtgctttc ctccctctcc cctgcccacc tcaagtttaa taaataaggt tgtacttttc 60 ttactataa 69 269 21 PRT Homo sapiens 269 Met Cys Phe Pro Pro Ser Pro Leu Pro Thr Ser Ser Leu Ile Asn Lys 1 5 10 15 Val Val Leu Phe Leu 20 270 87 DNA Homo sapiens 270 atgtctgtaa ctgctgtgca ctgctgtaaa cttgttagag aaaaaaataa cctgcatgtg 60 ggctcctcag ttattgagtt tttgtga 87 271 28 PRT Homo sapiens 271 Met Ser Val Thr Ala Val His Cys Cys Lys Leu Val Arg Glu Lys Asn 1 5 10 15 Asn Leu His Val Gly Ser Ser Val Ile Glu Phe Leu 20 25 272 270 DNA Homo sapiens 272 atgtgggctc ctcagttatt gagtttttgt gatcctatct cagtctgggg gggaacattc 60 tcaagaggtg aaatacaaga aagccttttt ttcttggatc ttttcccgag attcaaatct 120 ccgatttccc atttgggggc aagttttttt cttcaccttc aatatgagaa ttcagcgaac 180 ttgaaagaaa aatcatctgt gagttccttc aggttctcac tcatagtcat gatccttcag 240 agggaatatg cactggcgag tttaaagtaa 270 273 89 PRT Homo sapiens 273 Met Trp Ala Pro Gln Leu Leu Ser Phe Cys Asp Pro Ile Ser Val Trp 1 5 10 15 Gly Gly Thr Phe Ser Arg Gly Glu Ile Gln Glu Ser Leu Phe Phe Leu 20 25 30 Asp Leu Phe Pro Arg Phe Lys Ser Pro Ile Ser His Leu Gly Ala Ser 35 40 45 Phe Phe Leu His Leu Gln Tyr Glu Asn Ser Ala Asn Leu Lys Glu Lys 50 55 60 Ser Ser Val Ser Ser Phe Arg Phe Ser Leu Ile Val Met Ile Leu Gln 65 70 75 80 Arg Glu Tyr Ala Leu Ala Ser Leu Lys 85 274 21 DNA Homo sapiens 274 atgagaattc agcgaacttg a 21 275 6 PRT Homo sapiens 275 Met Arg Ile Gln Arg Thr 1 5 276 42 DNA Homo sapiens 276 atgatccttc agagggaata tgcactggcg agtttaaagt aa 42 277 13 PRT Homo sapiens 277 Met Ile Leu Gln Arg Glu Tyr Ala Leu Ala Ser Leu Lys 1 5 10 278 18 DNA Homo sapiens 278 atgcactggc gagtttaa 18 279 5 PRT Homo sapiens 279 Met His Trp Arg Val 1 5 280 99 DNA Homo sapiens 280 atgatatttg atggtcccaa agtacggcag ctgcaaaaag tagtggaagg aaattgtcta 60 cgtgtcttgg aaaaattagt taggaatttg gatgggtaa 99 281 32 PRT Homo sapiens 281 Met Ile Phe Asp Gly Pro Lys Val Arg Gln Leu Gln Lys Val Val Glu 1 5 10 15 Gly Asn Cys Leu Arg Val Leu Glu Lys Leu Val Arg Asn Leu Asp Gly 20 25 30 282 33 DNA Homo sapiens 282 atggtcccaa agtacggcag ctgcaaaaag tag 33 283 10 PRT Homo sapiens 283 Met Val Pro Lys Tyr Gly Ser Cys Lys Lys 1 5 10 284 54 DNA Homo sapiens 284 atgggtaaaa ggtacccttg ccttactcca tcttattttc ttagccccct ttga 54 285 17 PRT Homo sapiens 285 Met Gly Lys Arg Tyr Pro Cys Leu Thr Pro Ser Tyr Phe Leu Ser Pro 1 5 10 15 Leu 286 15 DNA Homo sapiens 286 atgaaaaatt actaa 15 287 4 PRT Homo sapiens 287 Met Lys Asn Tyr 1 288 48 DNA Homo sapiens 288 atgaaactgt gtgtacgtgt ctgtgcgtgc aacataaaaa tacagtag 48 289 15 PRT Homo sapiens 289 Met Lys Leu Cys Val Arg Val Cys Ala Cys Asn Ile Lys Ile Gln 1 5 10 15 290 12 DNA Homo sapiens 290 atgtggtatt aa 12 291 3 PRT Homo sapiens 291 Met Trp Tyr 1 292 1965 DNA Homo sapiens 292 tcgacccacg cgtccggagg agagagagtg aacagggagc ggggcttttg tctgttggtc 60 tccctggact gaagagaggg agaatagaag cccaagacta agattctcaa aatggtttat 120 tacccagaac tctttgtctg ggtcagtcaa gaaccatttc caaacaagga catggaggga 180 aggcttccta agggaagact tcctgtccca aaggaagtga accgcaagaa gaacgatgag 240 acaaacgctg cctccctgac tccactgggc agcagtgaac tccgctcccc aagaatcagt 300 tacctccact ttttttaatc gtaacacctc catttgtatt acatatggtg tatgggtatt 360 gatgaggtca tggtatcata tatgggattt ttttctgtgt aaatcatcaa gtataagaag 420 aaactatggg actctgagcc ttgctttaga gaatttacag tggacaaata ggtgtcatca 480 aaccagtttt taatcattct gactcaagtg aaaacgctca gaatttcaca ctgtgaatcc 540 cgtttacaac ccttacaggt gggccttcag gcctggttcg ctacaacaat gtcttccaca 600 actcaaactc ccaccgcgct cacacaaccg gtccactcct gccttttcac tcacacagct 660 cccgactgct tcttgcagag gctgagagtc ccccccccac cttttttttc atttagatgt 720 aacaaaccta gtagtttatg ttcatcaatt gtctgtatat ctctatattt tatccatgta 780 ctcttttgat gtatagaagt agtttgaaac tcattgtttc cttgtggtaa gtgaccgaga 840 tgctgccaca ggacctgaga cactgatgaa tggtgctatt ttggactttc aacatgctcc 900 ttggcgaggt agctctgatg gagttatttt ttatttccat gttctaagaa ggtgttggta 960 ctctgtttcc cttgaatgtt gttctctaga ctggattgac ttgttttcct tgtgtcttca 1020 gtgtggcttt cttcctcagt gttgtaggtt gagcgaatgc taccagagtg tgagagacca 1080 ttgtctcgtt ggctggcgct cacggacatg cagtcacggt agcgggagca atcacaaaac 1140 tgtaatttac ttaccaaatc tcttcctttc cgtagcctcg cctgcctgac ttagagaaag 1200 aaaagcaata attttacagg cattttgagg tgtctctttg ggttctttct gtttgaaagg 1260 atatttgtcg aaaaaaagag caaaaccgtt ttaaataaac tccccctgga aaaaaaccca 1320 aaacactggc atactgagtg ggaatatgaa aatgacacct tttccaaata ttaaattgga 1380 aaacaaggtc tacaaaatca tgatactttt ttaaaaggca gagcattctt ttttcggcaa 1440 ttttgataag caaggtgtag atttacattt ttgtccttgc tcccaacgaa atggataaac 1500 aaaaataaat taccatctac tcatggaatg ttgttgtgtt agccagtctg aaagcccacc 1560 ttaattttta tataactgtc tttagctctt cttttgacag ggcaggcctt gttctgaact 1620 gtttcgcttc tgactgttaa acaccgatga cgcatgcact gcacttcttc gttttcttct 1680 tgctccccca ttggcctgag tttcttgtgc attactcctc tccctccttc gttagaatag 1740 gtgtatcagc tgtgtaaata gagcaagaaa acagtattct gcatctgtgg catttatgta 1800 gagttgcagt tgtgtactgc tgaaaatgca ggcttttgta acagtgtgat ctttactgat 1860 gcactcatga caagtaccca atgtatttta gctattttag tagtatttgt tcaataaata 1920 cgcaagctgt aaggtaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaaaggg cggcc 1965 293 207 DNA Homo sapiens 293 atggtttatt acccagaact ctttgtctgg gtcagtcaag aaccatttcc aaacaaggac 60 atggagggaa ggcttcctaa gggaagactt cctgtcccaa aggaagtgaa ccgcaagaag 120 aacgatgaga caaacgctgc ctccctgact ccactgggca gcagtgaact ccgctcccca 180 agaatcagtt acctccactt tttttaa 207 294 68 PRT Homo sapiens 294 Met Val Tyr Tyr Pro Glu Leu Phe Val Trp Val Ser Gln Glu Pro Phe 1 5 10 15 Pro Asn Lys Asp Met Glu Gly Arg Leu Pro Lys Gly Arg Leu Pro Val 20 25 30 Pro Lys Glu Val Asn Arg Lys Lys Asn Asp Glu Thr Asn Ala Ala Ser 35 40 45 Leu Thr Pro Leu Gly Ser Ser Glu Leu Arg Ser Pro Arg Ile Ser Tyr 50 55 60 Leu His Phe Phe 65 295 147 DNA Homo sapiens 295 atggagggaa ggcttcctaa gggaagactt cctgtcccaa aggaagtgaa ccgcaagaag 60 aacgatgaga caaacgctgc ctccctgact ccactgggca gcagtgaact ccgctcccca 120 agaatcagtt acctccactt tttttaa 147 296 48 PRT Homo sapiens 296 Met Glu Gly Arg Leu Pro Lys Gly Arg Leu Pro Val Pro Lys Glu Val 1 5 10 15 Asn Arg Lys Lys Asn Asp Glu Thr Asn Ala Ala Ser Leu Thr Pro Leu 20 25 30 Gly Ser Ser Glu Leu Arg Ser Pro Arg Ile Ser Tyr Leu His Phe Phe 35 40 45 297 24 DNA Homo sapiens 297 atgagacaaa cgctgcctcc ctga 24 298 7 PRT Homo sapiens 298 Met Arg Gln Thr Leu Pro Pro 1 5 299 18 DNA Homo sapiens 299 atggtgtatg ggtattga 18 300 5 PRT Homo sapiens 300 Met Val Tyr Gly Tyr 1 5 301 51 DNA Homo sapiens 301 atgggtattg atgaggtcat ggtatcatat atgggatttt tttctgtgta a 51 302 16 PRT Homo sapiens 302 Met Gly Ile Asp Glu Val Met Val Ser Tyr Met Gly Phe Phe Ser Val 1 5 10 15 303 132 DNA Homo sapiens 303 atgaggtcat ggtatcatat atgggatttt tttctgtgta aatcatcaag tataagaaga 60 aactatggga ctctgagcct tgctttagag aatttacagt ggacaaatag gtgtcatcaa 120 accagttttt aa 132 304 43 PRT Homo sapiens 304 Met Arg Ser Trp Tyr His Ile Trp Asp Phe Phe Leu Cys Lys Ser Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Ile Arg Arg Asn Tyr Gly Thr Leu Ser Leu Ala Leu Glu Asn Leu 20 25 30 Gln Trp Thr Asn Arg Cys His Gln Thr Ser Phe 35 40 305 33 DNA Homo sapiens 305 atggtatcat atatgggatt tttttctgtg taa 33 306 10 PRT Homo sapiens 306 Met Val Ser Tyr Met Gly Phe Phe Ser Val 1 5 10 307 21 DNA Homo sapiens 307 atgggatttt tttctgtgta a 21 308 6 PRT Homo sapiens 308 Met Gly Phe Phe Ser Val 1 5 309 12 DNA Homo sapiens 309 atgggactct ga 12 310 3 PRT Homo sapiens 310 Met Gly Leu 1 311 201 DNA Homo sapiens 311 atgtcttcca caactcaaac tcccaccgcg ctcacacaac cggtccactc ctgccttttc 60 actcacacag ctcccgactg cttcttgcag aggctgagag tccccccccc accttttttt 120 tcatttagat gtaacaaacc tagtagttta tgttcatcaa ttgtctgtat atctctatat 180 tttatccatg tactcttttg a 201 312 66 PRT Homo sapiens 312 Met Ser Ser Thr Thr Gln Thr Pro Thr Ala Leu Thr Gln Pro Val His 1 5 10 15 Ser Cys Leu Phe Thr His Thr Ala Pro Asp Cys Phe Leu Gln Arg Leu 20 25 30 Arg Val Pro Pro Pro Pro Phe Phe Ser Phe Arg Cys Asn Lys Pro Ser 35 40 45 Ser Leu Cys Ser Ser Ile Val Cys Ile Ser Leu Tyr Phe Ile His Val 50 55 60 Leu Phe 65 313 93 DNA Homo sapiens 313 atgttcatca attgtctgta tatctctata ttttatccat gtactctttt gatgtataga 60 agtagtttga aactcattgt ttccttgtgg taa 93 314 30 PRT Homo sapiens 314 Met Phe Ile Asn Cys Leu Tyr Ile Ser Ile Phe Tyr Pro Cys Thr Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Met Tyr Arg Ser Ser Leu Lys Leu Ile Val Ser Leu Trp 20 25 30 315 21 DNA Homo sapiens 315 atgtactctt ttgatgtata g 21 316 6 PRT Homo sapiens 316 Met Tyr Ser Phe Asp Val 1 5 317 42 DNA Homo sapiens 317 atgtatagaa gtagtttgaa actcattgtt tccttgtggt aa 42 318 13 PRT Homo sapiens 318 Met Tyr Arg Ser Ser Leu Lys Leu Ile Val Ser Leu Trp 1 5 10 319 27 DNA Homo sapiens 319 atgctgccac aggacctgag acactga 27 320 8 PRT Homo sapiens 320 Met Leu Pro Gln Asp Leu Arg His 1 5 321 324 DNA Homo sapiens 321 atgaatggtg ctattttgga ctttcaacat gctccttggc gaggtagctc tgatggagtt 60 attttttatt tccatgttct aagaaggtgt tggtactctg tttcccttga atgttgttct 120 ctagactgga ttgacttgtt ttccttgtgt cttcagtgtg gctttcttcc tcagtgttgt 180 aggttgagcg aatgctacca gagtgtgaga gaccattgtc tcgttggctg gcgctcacgg 240 acatgcagtc acggtagcgg gagcaatcac aaaactgtaa tttacttacc aaatctcttc 300 ctttccgtag cctcgcctgc ctga 324 322 107 PRT Homo sapiens 322 Met Asn Gly Ala Ile Leu Asp Phe Gln His Ala Pro Trp Arg Gly Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Asp Gly Val Ile Phe Tyr Phe His Val Leu Arg Arg Cys Trp Tyr 20 25 30 Ser Val Ser Leu Glu Cys Cys Ser Leu Asp Trp Ile Asp Leu Phe Ser 35 40 45 Leu Cys Leu Gln Cys Gly Phe Leu Pro Gln Cys Cys Arg Leu Ser Glu 50 55 60 Cys Tyr Gln Ser Val Arg Asp His Cys Leu Val Gly Trp Arg Ser Arg 65 70 75 80 Thr Cys Ser His Gly Ser Gly Ser Asn His Lys Thr Val Ile Tyr Leu 85 90 95 Pro Asn Leu Phe Leu Ser Val Ala Ser Pro Ala 100 105 323 78 DNA Homo sapiens 323 atggtgctat tttggacttt caacatgctc cttggcgagg tagctctgat ggagttattt 60 tttatttcca tgttctaa 78 324 25 PRT Homo sapiens 324 Met Val Leu Phe Trp Thr Phe Asn Met Leu Leu Gly Glu Val Ala Leu 1 5 10 15 Met Glu Leu Phe Phe Ile Ser Met Phe 20 25 325 54 DNA Homo sapiens 325 atgctccttg gcgaggtagc tctgatggag ttatttttta tttccatgtt ctaa 54 326 17 PRT Homo sapiens 326 Met Leu Leu Gly Glu Val Ala Leu Met Glu Leu Phe Phe Ile Ser Met 1 5 10 15 Phe 327 30 DNA Homo sapiens 327 atggagttat tttttatttc catgttctaa 30 328 9 PRT Homo sapiens 328 Met Glu Leu Phe Phe Ile Ser Met Phe 1 5 329 24 DNA Homo sapiens 329 atgttgttct ctagactgga ttga 24 330 7 PRT Homo sapiens 330 Met Leu Phe Ser Arg Leu Asp 1 5 331 66 DNA Homo sapiens 331 atgctaccag agtgtgagag accattgtct cgttggctgg cgctcacgga catgcagtca 60 cggtag 66 332 21 PRT Homo sapiens 332 Met Leu Pro Glu Cys Glu Arg Pro Leu Ser Arg Trp Leu Ala Leu Thr 1 5 10 15 Asp Met Gln Ser Arg 20 333 15 DNA Homo sapiens 333 atgcagtcac ggtag 15 334 4 PRT Homo sapiens 334 Met Gln Ser Arg 1 335 69 DNA Homo sapiens 335 atgaaaatga caccttttcc aaatattaaa ttggaaaaca aggtctacaa aatcatgata 60 cttttttaa 69 336 22 PRT Homo sapiens 336 Met Lys Met Thr Pro Phe Pro Asn Ile Lys Leu Glu Asn Lys Val Tyr 1 5 10 15 Lys Ile Met Ile Leu Phe 20 337 63 DNA Homo sapiens 337 atgacacctt ttccaaatat taaattggaa aacaaggtct acaaaatcat gatacttttt 60 taa 63 338 20 PRT Homo sapiens 338 Met Thr Pro Phe Pro Asn Ile Lys Leu Glu Asn Lys Val Tyr Lys Ile 1 5 10 15 Met Ile Leu Phe 20 339 15 DNA Homo sapiens 339 atgatacttt tttaa 15 340 4 PRT Homo sapiens 340 Met Ile Leu Phe 1 341 18 DNA Homo sapiens 341 atggataaac aaaaataa 18 342 5 PRT Homo sapiens 342 Met Asp Lys Gln Lys 1 5 343 42 DNA Homo sapiens 343 atggaatgtt gttgtgttag ccagtctgaa agcccacctt aa 42 344 13 PRT Homo sapiens 344 Met Glu Cys Cys Cys Val Ser Gln Ser Glu Ser Pro Pro 1 5 10 345 15 DNA Homo sapiens 345 atgttgttgt gttag 15 346 4 PRT Homo sapiens 346 Met Leu Leu Cys 1 347 111 DNA Homo sapiens 347 atgacgcatg cactgcactt cttcgttttc ttcttgctcc cccattggcc tgagtttctt 60 gtgcattact cctctccctc cttcgttaga ataggtgtat cagctgtgta a 111 348 36 PRT Homo sapiens 348 Met Thr His Ala Leu His Phe Phe Val Phe Phe Leu Leu Pro His Trp 1 5 10 15 Pro Glu Phe Leu Val His Tyr Ser Ser Pro Ser Phe Val Arg Ile Gly 20 25 30 Val Ser Ala Val 35 349 87 DNA Homo sapiens 349 atgcactgca cttcttcgtt ttcttcttgc tcccccattg gcctgagttt cttgtgcatt 60 actcctctcc ctccttcgtt agaatag 87 350 28 PRT Homo sapiens 350 Met His Cys Thr Ser Ser Phe Ser Ser Cys Ser Pro Ile Gly Leu Ser 1 5 10 15 Phe Leu Cys Ile Thr Pro Leu Pro Pro Ser Leu Glu 20 25 351 24 DNA Homo sapiens 351 atgcaggctt ttgtaacagt gtga 24 352 7 PRT Homo sapiens 352 Met Gln Ala Phe Val Thr Val 1 5 353 12 DNA Homo sapiens 353 atgcactcat ga 12 354 3 PRT Homo sapiens 354 Met His Ser 1 355 51 DNA Homo sapiens 355 atgacaagta cccaatgtat tttagctatt ttagtagtat ttgttcaata a 51 356 16 PRT Homo sapiens 356 Met Thr Ser Thr Gln Cys Ile Leu Ala Ile Leu Val Val Phe Val Gln 1 5 10 15 357 57 DNA Homo sapiens 357 atgtatttta gctattttag tagtatttgt tcaataaata cgcaagctgt aaggtaa 57 358 18 PRT Homo sapiens 358 Met Tyr Phe Ser Tyr Phe Ser Ser Ile Cys Ser Ile Asn Thr Gln Ala 1 5 10 15 Val Arg 359 2702 DNA Homo sapiens 359 tcgacccacg cgtccgggaa cgtacgtccc agccctcttt agctacttag cgcctctggg 60 cccgagaaca cctgctcctt ggctcagtct ggcgccaccg gcatcacgga actgtacttc 120 ccagagacgt cacaccggga gacttccgat tcccgctctt gagattggac tctcacgtgc 180 aggagccagt cctcgctggg ctctagcggg cttctgatgg aggagctact cctctgggag 240 gacagaaatt agcagcagcc tctgtcacca tccaaagatt acaacccatg aaaccattga 300 gtttgtgcct tgtatcagaa agcaaaggag aatgaaaaag cacagctaac attgcttgag 360 gatctaggcg attaattctt tagactgtca tcatgggtat cccgaggact aatgagtttt 420 gtgggaagat cataagtaat gaagttcttc actgatttga agttgcgggg acacaaaaat 480 tgtcattgat ggttatgctc ttttccaccg tctttgcttc agtttcaaac ttggatctcc 540 ggtatggagg ggactatgat tcttttgcag atgttgtaca aaaattcttt gaatcactgt 600 ttgcttgtaa tatatgccca tatgttgtat tagatggagg atgtgacatt tcagataaaa 660 agcttacaac tttaaaggat agagctagag agaagatcca gatggcccat tccctttctg 720 ttggtgggag tgggtatgta tgtcccttac tcatccggga agtattcata caggttttga 780 tcaagctgcg ggtgtgtttt gtccagtgct tttcagaagc agatcgggac attatgacac 840 ttgctaacca ttggaattgc cctgtgttat catcagatag tgacttttgc atttttgacc 900 tgaaaactgg gttttgccca ttgaatagct ttcagtggag aaatatgaac actattaagg 960 gcacacaaaa ctatatccct gccaaatgct tttcccttga tgcattctgc catcacttca 1020 gcaatatgaa taaagctcta ctacctctct ttgcggtgct atgtggaaat gaccatgtta 1080 atctacccat catggagaca ttcttaagta aagcgcgtct tcctcttgga gctaccagtt 1140 ctaaagggag gagacaccac cgaatcctgg gacttctgaa ttggttgtct cattttgcca 1200 accctaccga agcactagat aatgttctga aatacctccc aaaaaaggat cgagaaaatg 1260 ttaaggaact tctctgctgt tccatggaag aataccaaca gtcccaggtg aagctacagg 1320 acttcttcca gtgtggtact tatgtctgtc cagatgcctt gaatcttggt ttaccagaat 1380 gggtattagt ggctttagct aaaggccagc tatctccttt catcagtgat gctttggtcc 1440 taagacggac cattcttccc acacaggtgg aaaacatgca gcaaccaaat gcccacagaa 1500 tatctcagcc catcaggcaa atcatctatg ggcttctttt aaatgcctca ccacatctgg 1560 acaagacatc ctggaatgca ttgcctcctc agcctctagc tttcagtgaa gtggaaagga 1620 ttaataaaaa tatcagaacc tcaatcattg atgcagtaga actggccaag gatcattctg 1680 acttaagcag attgactgag ctctccttga ggaggcggca gatgcttctg ttagaaaccc 1740 tgaaggtgaa acagaccatt ctggagccaa tccctacttc actgaagttg cccattgctg 1800 tcagttgcta ctggttgcag cacaccgaga ccaaagcaaa gctacatcat ctacaatcct 1860 tactgctcac aatgctagtg gggcccttga ttgccataat caacagccct ggaaatgtgg 1920 accctgtacc caggcaggct cagtgtcttg ctcctcgcta gttggtaaaa ggtaaggaag 1980 agctgcagga agatggtgct aagatgttgt atgcagagtt ccaaagagtg aaggcgcaga 2040 cacggctggg cacaagactg gacttagaca cagctcacat cttctgtcag tggcagtcct 2100 gtctccagat ggggatgtat ctcaaccagc tgctgtccac tcctctccca gagccagacc 2160 taactcgact gtacagtgga agcctggtgc acggactatg ccagcaactg ctagcatcga 2220 cctctgtaga aagtctcctg agcatatgtc ctgaggctaa gcaactttat gaatatctat 2280 tcaatgccca caaggtcata tgcccccgct gaaatattcc taccaaaagg tagatcaaat 2340 tcaaaaaaaa aaaggcagaa gaaacagaat accagctgtt ctaagaacag agggagaacc 2400 actgcacaca ccaagtgttg gtatgaggga aacaaccggt ttgggttgtt aatggttgaa 2460 aacttagagg aacatagtga ggcctccaac attgaataaa actcagtttg catcaaacta 2520 gatgtattta atataatcct tacttaaaat tcttccgtta ccacccttga aacaattagc 2580 tttttcttta ggactgacct gttaggggat aaacatcaca ataatctgaa ttccaagtta 2640 ttttgtattt tgtttttaat aaatacaacc tgatttaaga aaaaaaaaaa aaaagggcgg 2700 cc 2702 360 36 DNA Homo sapiens 360 atggaggagc tactcctctg ggaggacaga aattag 36 361 11 PRT Homo sapiens 361 Met Glu Glu Leu Leu Leu Trp Glu Asp Arg Asn 1 5 10 362 48 DNA Homo sapiens 362 atgaaaccat tgagtttgtg ccttgtatca gaaagcaaag gagaatga 48 363 15 PRT Homo sapiens 363 Met Lys Pro Leu Ser Leu Cys Leu Val Ser Glu Ser Lys Gly Glu 1 5 10 15 364 18 DNA Homo sapiens 364 atgaaaaagc acagctaa 18 365 5 PRT Homo sapiens 365 Met Lys Lys His Ser 1 5 366 63 DNA Homo sapiens 366 atgggtatcc cgaggactaa tgagttttgt gggaagatca taagtaatga agttcttcac 60 tga 63 367 20 PRT Homo sapiens 367 Met Gly Ile Pro Arg Thr Asn Glu Phe Cys Gly Lys Ile Ile Ser Asn 1 5 10 15 Glu Val Leu His 20 368 24 DNA Homo sapiens 368 atgagttttg tgggaagatc ataa 24 369 7 PRT Homo sapiens 369 Met Ser Phe Val Gly Arg Ser 1 5 370 51 DNA Homo sapiens 370 atgaagttct tcactgattt gaagttgcgg ggacacaaaa attgtcattg a 51 371 16 PRT Homo sapiens 371 Met Lys Phe Phe Thr Asp Leu Lys Leu Arg Gly His Lys Asn Cys His 1 5 10 15 372 1473 DNA Homo sapiens 372 atggttatgc tcttttccac cgtctttgct tcagtttcaa acttggatct ccggtatgga 60 ggggactatg attcttttgc agatgttgta caaaaattct ttgaatcact gtttgcttgt 120 aatatatgcc catatgttgt attagatgga ggatgtgaca tttcagataa aaagcttaca 180 actttaaagg atagagctag agagaagatc cagatggccc attccctttc tgttggtggg 240 agtgggtatg tatgtccctt actcatccgg gaagtattca tacaggtttt gatcaagctg 300 cgggtgtgtt ttgtccagtg cttttcagaa gcagatcggg acattatgac acttgctaac 360 cattggaatt gccctgtgtt atcatcagat agtgactttt gcatttttga cctgaaaact 420 gggttttgcc cattgaatag ctttcagtgg agaaatatga acactattaa gggcacacaa 480 aactatatcc ctgccaaatg cttttccctt gatgcattct gccatcactt cagcaatatg 540 aataaagctc tactacctct ctttgcggtg ctatgtggaa atgaccatgt taatctaccc 600 atcatggaga cattcttaag taaagcgcgt cttcctcttg gagctaccag ttctaaaggg 660 aggagacacc accgaatcct gggacttctg aattggttgt ctcattttgc caaccctacc 720 gaagcactag ataatgttct gaaatacctc ccaaaaaagg atcgagaaaa tgttaaggaa 780 cttctctgct gttccatgga agaataccaa cagtcccagg tgaagctaca ggacttcttc 840 cagtgtggta cttatgtctg tccagatgcc ttgaatcttg gtttaccaga atgggtatta 900 gtggctttag ctaaaggcca gctatctcct ttcatcagtg atgctttggt cctaagacgg 960 accattcttc ccacacaggt ggaaaacatg cagcaaccaa atgcccacag aatatctcag 1020 cccatcaggc aaatcatcta tgggcttctt ttaaatgcct caccacatct ggacaagaca 1080 tcctggaatg cattgcctcc tcagcctcta gctttcagtg aagtggaaag gattaataaa 1140 aatatcagaa cctcaatcat tgatgcagta gaactggcca aggatcattc tgacttaagc 1200 agattgactg agctctcctt gaggaggcgg cagatgcttc tgttagaaac cctgaaggtg 1260 aaacagacca ttctggagcc aatccctact tcactgaagt tgcccattgc tgtcagttgc 1320 tactggttgc agcacaccga gaccaaagca aagctacatc atctacaatc cttactgctc 1380 acaatgctag tggggccctt gattgccata atcaacagcc ctggaaatgt ggaccctgta 1440 cccaggcagg ctcagtgtct tgctcctcgc tag 1473 373 490 PRT Homo sapiens 373 Met Val Met Leu Phe Ser Thr Val Phe Ala Ser Val Ser Asn Leu Asp 1 5 10 15 Leu Arg Tyr Gly Gly Asp Tyr Asp Ser Phe Ala Asp Val Val Gln Lys 20 25 30 Phe Phe Glu Ser Leu Phe Ala Cys Asn Ile Cys Pro Tyr Val Val Leu 35 40 45 Asp Gly Gly Cys Asp Ile Ser Asp Lys Lys Leu Thr Thr Leu Lys Asp 50 55 60 Arg Ala Arg Glu Lys Ile Gln Met Ala His Ser Leu Ser Val Gly Gly 65 70 75 80 Ser Gly Tyr Val Cys Pro Leu Leu Ile Arg Glu Val Phe Ile Gln Val 85 90 95 Leu Ile Lys Leu Arg Val Cys Phe Val Gln Cys Phe Ser Glu Ala Asp 100 105 110 Arg Asp Ile Met Thr Leu Ala Asn His Trp Asn Cys Pro Val Leu Ser 115 120 125 Ser Asp Ser Asp Phe Cys Ile Phe Asp Leu Lys Thr Gly Phe Cys Pro 130 135 140 Leu Asn Ser Phe Gln Trp Arg Asn Met Asn Thr Ile Lys Gly Thr Gln 145 150 155 160 Asn Tyr Ile Pro Ala Lys Cys Phe Ser Leu Asp Ala Phe Cys His His 165 170 175 Phe Ser Asn Met Asn Lys Ala Leu Leu Pro Leu Phe Ala Val Leu Cys 180 185 190 Gly Asn Asp His Val Asn Leu Pro Ile Met Glu Thr Phe Leu Ser Lys 195 200 205 Ala Arg Leu Pro Leu Gly Ala Thr Ser Ser Lys Gly Arg Arg His His 210 215 220 Arg Ile Leu Gly Leu Leu Asn Trp Leu Ser His Phe Ala Asn Pro Thr 225 230 235 240 Glu Ala Leu Asp Asn Val Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Lys Lys Asp Arg Glu 245 250 255 Asn Val Lys Glu Leu Leu Cys Cys Ser Met Glu Glu Tyr Gln Gln Ser 260 265 270 Gln Val Lys Leu Gln Asp Phe Phe Gln Cys Gly Thr Tyr Val Cys Pro 275 280 285 Asp Ala Leu Asn Leu Gly Leu Pro Glu Trp Val Leu Val Ala Leu Ala 290 295 300 Lys Gly Gln Leu Ser Pro Phe Ile Ser Asp Ala Leu Val Leu Arg Arg 305 310 315 320 Thr Ile Leu Pro Thr Gln Val Glu Asn Met Gln Gln Pro Asn Ala His 325 330 335 Arg Ile Ser Gln Pro Ile Arg Gln Ile Ile Tyr Gly Leu Leu Leu Asn 340 345 350 Ala Ser Pro His Leu Asp Lys Thr Ser Trp Asn Ala Leu Pro Pro Gln 355 360 365 Pro Leu Ala Phe Ser Glu Val Glu Arg Ile Asn Lys Asn Ile Arg Thr 370 375 380 Ser Ile Ile Asp Ala Val Glu Leu Ala Lys Asp His Ser Asp Leu Ser 385 390 395 400 Arg Leu Thr Glu Leu Ser Leu Arg Arg Arg Gln Met Leu Leu Leu Glu 405 410 415 Thr Leu Lys Val Lys Gln Thr Ile Leu Glu Pro Ile Pro Thr Ser Leu 420 425 430 Lys Leu Pro Ile Ala Val Ser Cys Tyr Trp Leu Gln His Thr Glu Thr 435 440 445 Lys Ala Lys Leu His His Leu Gln Ser Leu Leu Leu Thr Met Leu Val 450 455 460 Gly Pro Leu Ile Ala Ile Ile Asn Ser Pro Gly Asn Val Asp Pro Val 465 470 475 480 Pro Arg Gln Ala Gln Cys Leu Ala Pro Arg 485 490 374 1467 DNA Homo sapiens 374 atgctctttt ccaccgtctt tgcttcagtt tcaaacttgg atctccggta tggaggggac 60 tatgattctt ttgcagatgt tgtacaaaaa ttctttgaat cactgtttgc ttgtaatata 120 tgcccatatg ttgtattaga tggaggatgt gacatttcag ataaaaagct tacaacttta 180 aaggatagag ctagagagaa gatccagatg gcccattccc tttctgttgg tgggagtggg 240 tatgtatgtc ccttactcat ccgggaagta ttcatacagg ttttgatcaa gctgcgggtg 300 tgttttgtcc agtgcttttc agaagcagat cgggacatta tgacacttgc taaccattgg 360 aattgccctg tgttatcatc agatagtgac ttttgcattt ttgacctgaa aactgggttt 420 tgcccattga atagctttca gtggagaaat atgaacacta ttaagggcac acaaaactat 480 atccctgcca aatgcttttc ccttgatgca ttctgccatc acttcagcaa tatgaataaa 540 gctctactac ctctctttgc ggtgctatgt ggaaatgacc atgttaatct acccatcatg 600 gagacattct taagtaaagc gcgtcttcct cttggagcta ccagttctaa agggaggaga 660 caccaccgaa tcctgggact tctgaattgg ttgtctcatt ttgccaaccc taccgaagca 720 ctagataatg ttctgaaata cctcccaaaa aaggatcgag aaaatgttaa ggaacttctc 780 tgctgttcca tggaagaata ccaacagtcc caggtgaagc tacaggactt cttccagtgt 840 ggtacttatg tctgtccaga tgccttgaat cttggtttac cagaatgggt attagtggct 900 ttagctaaag gccagctatc tcctttcatc agtgatgctt tggtcctaag acggaccatt 960 cttcccacac aggtggaaaa catgcagcaa ccaaatgccc acagaatatc tcagcccatc 1020 aggcaaatca tctatgggct tcttttaaat gcctcaccac atctggacaa gacatcctgg 1080 aatgcattgc ctcctcagcc tctagctttc agtgaagtgg aaaggattaa taaaaatatc 1140 agaacctcaa tcattgatgc agtagaactg gccaaggatc attctgactt aagcagattg 1200 actgagctct ccttgaggag gcggcagatg cttctgttag aaaccctgaa ggtgaaacag 1260 accattctgg agccaatccc tacttcactg aagttgccca ttgctgtcag ttgctactgg 1320 ttgcagcaca ccgagaccaa agcaaagcta catcatctac aatccttact gctcacaatg 1380 ctagtggggc ccttgattgc cataatcaac agccctggaa atgtggaccc tgtacccagg 1440 caggctcagt gtcttgctcc tcgctag 1467 375 488 PRT Homo sapiens 375 Met Leu Phe Ser Thr Val Phe Ala Ser Val Ser Asn Leu Asp Leu Arg 1 5 10 15 Tyr Gly Gly Asp Tyr Asp Ser Phe Ala Asp Val Val Gln Lys Phe Phe 20 25 30 Glu Ser Leu Phe Ala Cys Asn Ile Cys Pro Tyr Val Val Leu Asp Gly 35 40 45 Gly Cys Asp Ile Ser Asp Lys Lys Leu Thr Thr Leu Lys Asp Arg Ala 50 55 60 Arg Glu Lys Ile Gln Met Ala His Ser Leu Ser Val Gly Gly Ser Gly 65 70 75 80 Tyr Val Cys Pro Leu Leu Ile Arg Glu Val Phe Ile Gln Val Leu Ile 85 90 95 Lys Leu Arg Val Cys Phe Val Gln Cys Phe Ser Glu Ala Asp Arg Asp 100 105 110 Ile Met Thr Leu Ala Asn His Trp Asn Cys Pro Val Leu Ser Ser Asp 115 120 125 Ser Asp Phe Cys Ile Phe Asp Leu Lys Thr Gly Phe Cys Pro Leu Asn 130 135 140 Ser Phe Gln Trp Arg Asn Met Asn Thr Ile Lys Gly Thr Gln Asn Tyr 145 150 155 160 Ile Pro Ala Lys Cys Phe Ser Leu Asp Ala Phe Cys His His Phe Ser 165 170 175 Asn Met Asn Lys Ala Leu Leu Pro Leu Phe Ala Val Leu Cys Gly Asn 180 185 190 Asp His Val Asn Leu Pro Ile Met Glu Thr Phe Leu Ser Lys Ala Arg 195 200 205 Leu Pro Leu Gly Ala Thr Ser Ser Lys Gly Arg Arg His His Arg Ile 210 215 220 Leu Gly Leu Leu Asn Trp Leu Ser His Phe Ala Asn Pro Thr Glu Ala 225 230 235 240 Leu Asp Asn Val Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Lys Lys Asp Arg Glu Asn Val 245 250 255 Lys Glu Leu Leu Cys Cys Ser Met Glu Glu Tyr Gln Gln Ser Gln Val 260 265 270 Lys Leu Gln Asp Phe Phe Gln Cys Gly Thr Tyr Val Cys Pro Asp Ala 275 280 285 Leu Asn Leu Gly Leu Pro Glu Trp Val Leu Val Ala Leu Ala Lys Gly 290 295 300 Gln Leu Ser Pro Phe Ile Ser Asp Ala Leu Val Leu Arg Arg Thr Ile 305 310 315 320 Leu Pro Thr Gln Val Glu Asn Met Gln Gln Pro Asn Ala His Arg Ile 325 330 335 Ser Gln Pro Ile Arg Gln Ile Ile Tyr Gly Leu Leu Leu Asn Ala Ser 340 345 350 Pro His Leu Asp Lys Thr Ser Trp Asn Ala Leu Pro Pro Gln Pro Leu 355 360 365 Ala Phe Ser Glu Val Glu Arg Ile Asn Lys Asn Ile Arg Thr Ser Ile 370 375 380 Ile Asp Ala Val Glu Leu Ala Lys Asp His Ser Asp Leu Ser Arg Leu 385 390 395 400 Thr Glu Leu Ser Leu Arg Arg Arg Gln Met Leu Leu Leu Glu Thr Leu 405 410 415 Lys Val Lys Gln Thr Ile Leu Glu Pro Ile Pro Thr Ser Leu Lys Leu 420 425 430 Pro Ile Ala Val Ser Cys Tyr Trp Leu Gln His Thr Glu Thr Lys Ala 435 440 445 Lys Leu His His Leu Gln Ser Leu Leu Leu Thr Met Leu Val Gly Pro 450 455 460 Leu Ile Ala Ile Ile Asn Ser Pro Gly Asn Val Asp Pro Val Pro Arg 465 470 475 480 Gln Ala Gln Cys Leu Ala Pro Arg 485 376 90 DNA Homo sapiens 376 atggagggga ctatgattct tttgcagatg ttgtacaaaa attctttgaa tcactgtttg 60 cttgtaatat atgcccatat gttgtattag 90 377 29 PRT Homo sapiens 377 Met Glu Gly Thr Met Ile Leu Leu Gln Met Leu Tyr Lys Asn Ser Leu 1 5 10 15 Asn His Cys Leu Leu Val Ile Tyr Ala His Met Leu Tyr 20 25 378 78 DNA Homo sapiens 378 atgattcttt tgcagatgtt gtacaaaaat tctttgaatc actgtttgct tgtaatatat 60 gcccatatgt tgtattag 78 379 25 PRT Homo sapiens 379 Met Ile Leu Leu Gln Met Leu Tyr Lys Asn Ser Leu Asn His Cys Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Val Ile Tyr Ala His Met Leu Tyr 20 25 380 63 DNA Homo sapiens 380 atgttgtaca aaaattcttt gaatcactgt ttgcttgtaa tatatgccca tatgttgtat 60 tag 63 381 20 PRT Homo sapiens 381 Met Leu Tyr Lys Asn Ser Leu Asn His Cys Leu Leu Val Ile Tyr Ala 1 5 10 15 His Met Leu Tyr 20 382 33 DNA Homo sapiens 382 atgcccatat gttgtattag atggaggatg tga 33 383 10 PRT Homo sapiens 383 Met Pro Ile Cys Cys Ile Arg Trp Arg Met 1 5 10 384 12 DNA Homo sapiens 384 atgttgtatt ag 12 385 3 PRT Homo sapiens 385 Met Leu Tyr 1 386 42 DNA Homo sapiens 386 atggaggatg tgacatttca gataaaaagc ttacaacttt aa 42 387 13 PRT Homo sapiens 387 Met Glu Asp Val Thr Phe Gln Ile Lys Ser Leu Gln Leu 1 5 10 388 1260 DNA Homo sapiens 388 atggcccatt ccctttctgt tggtgggagt gggtatgtat gtcccttact catccgggaa 60 gtattcatac aggttttgat caagctgcgg gtgtgttttg tccagtgctt ttcagaagca 120 gatcgggaca ttatgacact tgctaaccat tggaattgcc ctgtgttatc atcagatagt 180 gacttttgca tttttgacct gaaaactggg ttttgcccat tgaatagctt tcagtggaga 240 aatatgaaca ctattaaggg cacacaaaac tatatccctg ccaaatgctt ttcccttgat 300 gcattctgcc atcacttcag caatatgaat aaagctctac tacctctctt tgcggtgcta 360 tgtggaaatg accatgttaa tctacccatc atggagacat tcttaagtaa agcgcgtctt 420 cctcttggag ctaccagttc taaagggagg agacaccacc gaatcctggg acttctgaat 480 tggttgtctc attttgccaa ccctaccgaa gcactagata atgttctgaa atacctccca 540 aaaaaggatc gagaaaatgt taaggaactt ctctgctgtt ccatggaaga ataccaacag 600 tcccaggtga agctacagga cttcttccag tgtggtactt atgtctgtcc agatgccttg 660 aatcttggtt taccagaatg ggtattagtg gctttagcta aaggccagct atctcctttc 720 atcagtgatg ctttggtcct aagacggacc attcttccca cacaggtgga aaacatgcag 780 caaccaaatg cccacagaat atctcagccc atcaggcaaa tcatctatgg gcttctttta 840 aatgcctcac cacatctgga caagacatcc tggaatgcat tgcctcctca gcctctagct 900 ttcagtgaag tggaaaggat taataaaaat atcagaacct caatcattga tgcagtagaa 960 ctggccaagg atcattctga cttaagcaga ttgactgagc tctccttgag gaggcggcag 1020 atgcttctgt tagaaaccct gaaggtgaaa cagaccattc tggagccaat ccctacttca 1080 ctgaagttgc ccattgctgt cagttgctac tggttgcagc acaccgagac caaagcaaag 1140 ctacatcatc tacaatcctt actgctcaca atgctagtgg ggcccttgat tgccataatc 1200 aacagccctg gaaatgtgga ccctgtaccc aggcaggctc agtgtcttgc tcctcgctag 1260 389 419 PRT Homo sapiens 389 Met Ala His Ser Leu Ser Val Gly Gly Ser Gly Tyr Val Cys Pro Leu 1 5 10 15 Leu Ile Arg Glu Val Phe Ile Gln Val Leu Ile Lys Leu Arg Val Cys 20 25 30 Phe Val Gln Cys Phe Ser Glu Ala Asp Arg Asp Ile Met Thr Leu Ala 35 40 45 Asn His Trp Asn Cys Pro Val Leu Ser Ser Asp Ser Asp Phe Cys Ile 50 55 60 Phe Asp Leu Lys Thr Gly Phe Cys Pro Leu Asn Ser Phe Gln Trp Arg 65 70 75 80 Asn Met Asn Thr Ile Lys Gly Thr Gln Asn Tyr Ile Pro Ala Lys Cys 85 90 95 Phe Ser Leu Asp Ala Phe Cys His His Phe Ser Asn Met Asn Lys Ala 100 105 110 Leu Leu Pro Leu Phe Ala Val Leu Cys Gly Asn Asp His Val Asn Leu 115 120 125 Pro Ile Met Glu Thr Phe Leu Ser Lys Ala Arg Leu Pro Leu Gly Ala 130 135 140 Thr Ser Ser Lys Gly Arg Arg His His Arg Ile Leu Gly Leu Leu Asn 145 150 155 160 Trp Leu Ser His Phe Ala Asn Pro Thr Glu Ala Leu Asp Asn Val Leu 165 170 175 Lys Tyr Leu Pro Lys Lys Asp Arg Glu Asn Val Lys Glu Leu Leu Cys 180 185 190 Cys Ser Met Glu Glu Tyr Gln Gln Ser Gln Val Lys Leu Gln Asp Phe 195 200 205 Phe Gln Cys Gly Thr Tyr Val Cys Pro Asp Ala Leu Asn Leu Gly Leu 210 215 220 Pro Glu Trp Val Leu Val Ala Leu Ala Lys Gly Gln Leu Ser Pro Phe 225 230 235 240 Ile Ser Asp Ala Leu Val Leu Arg Arg Thr Ile Leu Pro Thr Gln Val 245 250 255 Glu Asn Met Gln Gln Pro Asn Ala His Arg Ile Ser Gln Pro Ile Arg 260 265 270 Gln Ile Ile Tyr Gly Leu Leu Leu Asn Ala Ser Pro His Leu Asp Lys 275 280 285 Thr Ser Trp Asn Ala Leu Pro Pro Gln Pro Leu Ala Phe Ser Glu Val 290 295 300 Glu Arg Ile Asn Lys Asn Ile Arg Thr Ser Ile Ile Asp Ala Val Glu 305 310 315 320 Leu Ala Lys Asp His Ser Asp Leu Ser Arg Leu Thr Glu Leu Ser Leu 325 330 335 Arg Arg Arg Gln Met Leu Leu Leu Glu Thr Leu Lys Val Lys Gln Thr 340 345 350 Ile Leu Glu Pro Ile Pro Thr Ser Leu Lys Leu Pro Ile Ala Val Ser 355 360 365 Cys Tyr Trp Leu Gln His Thr Glu Thr Lys Ala Lys Leu His His Leu 370 375 380 Gln Ser Leu Leu Leu Thr Met Leu Val Gly Pro Leu Ile Ala Ile Ile 385 390 395 400 Asn Ser Pro Gly Asn Val Asp Pro Val Pro Arg Gln Ala Gln Cys Leu 405 410 415 Ala Pro Arg 390 45 DNA Homo sapiens 390 atgtatgtcc cttactcatc cgggaagtat tcatacaggt tttga 45 391 14 PRT Homo sapiens 391 Met Tyr Val Pro Tyr Ser Ser Gly Lys Tyr Ser Tyr Arg Phe 1 5 10 392 108 DNA Homo sapiens 392 atgtccctta ctcatccggg aagtattcat acaggttttg atcaagctgc gggtgtgttt 60 tgtccagtgc ttttcagaag cagatcggga cattatgaca cttgctaa 108 393 35 PRT Homo sapiens 393 Met Ser Leu Thr His Pro Gly Ser Ile His Thr Gly Phe Asp Gln Ala 1 5 10 15 Ala Gly Val Phe Cys Pro Val Leu Phe Arg Ser Arg Ser Gly His Tyr 20 25 30 Asp Thr Cys 35 394 1128 DNA Homo sapiens 394 atgacacttg ctaaccattg gaattgccct gtgttatcat cagatagtga cttttgcatt 60 tttgacctga aaactgggtt ttgcccattg aatagctttc agtggagaaa tatgaacact 120 attaagggca cacaaaacta tatccctgcc aaatgctttt cccttgatgc attctgccat 180 cacttcagca atatgaataa agctctacta cctctctttg cggtgctatg tggaaatgac 240 catgttaatc tacccatcat ggagacattc ttaagtaaag cgcgtcttcc tcttggagct 300 accagttcta aagggaggag acaccaccga atcctgggac ttctgaattg gttgtctcat 360 tttgccaacc ctaccgaagc actagataat gttctgaaat acctcccaaa aaaggatcga 420 gaaaatgtta aggaacttct ctgctgttcc atggaagaat accaacagtc ccaggtgaag 480 ctacaggact tcttccagtg tggtacttat gtctgtccag atgccttgaa tcttggttta 540 ccagaatggg tattagtggc tttagctaaa ggccagctat ctcctttcat cagtgatgct 600 ttggtcctaa gacggaccat tcttcccaca caggtggaaa acatgcagca accaaatgcc 660 cacagaatat ctcagcccat caggcaaatc atctatgggc ttcttttaaa tgcctcacca 720 catctggaca agacatcctg gaatgcattg cctcctcagc ctctagcttt cagtgaagtg 780 gaaaggatta ataaaaatat cagaacctca atcattgatg cagtagaact ggccaaggat 840 cattctgact taagcagatt gactgagctc tccttgagga ggcggcagat gcttctgtta 900 gaaaccctga aggtgaaaca gaccattctg gagccaatcc ctacttcact gaagttgccc 960 attgctgtca gttgctactg gttgcagcac accgagacca aagcaaagct acatcatcta 1020 caatccttac tgctcacaat gctagtgggg cccttgattg ccataatcaa cagccctgga 1080 aatgtggacc ctgtacccag gcaggctcag tgtcttgctc ctcgctag 1128 395 375 PRT Homo sapiens 395 Met Thr Leu Ala Asn His Trp Asn Cys Pro Val Leu Ser Ser Asp Ser 1 5 10 15 Asp Phe Cys Ile Phe Asp Leu Lys Thr Gly Phe Cys Pro Leu Asn Ser 20 25 30 Phe Gln Trp Arg Asn Met Asn Thr Ile Lys Gly Thr Gln Asn Tyr Ile 35 40 45 Pro Ala Lys Cys Phe Ser Leu Asp Ala Phe Cys His His Phe Ser Asn 50 55 60 Met Asn Lys Ala Leu Leu Pro Leu Phe Ala Val Leu Cys Gly Asn Asp 65 70 75 80 His Val Asn Leu Pro Ile Met Glu Thr Phe Leu Ser Lys Ala Arg Leu 85 90 95 Pro Leu Gly Ala Thr Ser Ser Lys Gly Arg Arg His His Arg Ile Leu 100 105 110 Gly Leu Leu Asn Trp Leu Ser His Phe Ala Asn Pro Thr Glu Ala Leu 115 120 125 Asp Asn Val Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Lys Lys Asp Arg Glu Asn Val Lys 130 135 140 Glu Leu Leu Cys Cys Ser Met Glu Glu Tyr Gln Gln Ser Gln Val Lys 145 150 155 160 Leu Gln Asp Phe Phe Gln Cys Gly Thr Tyr Val Cys Pro Asp Ala Leu 165 170 175 Asn Leu Gly Leu Pro Glu Trp Val Leu Val Ala Leu Ala Lys Gly Gln 180 185 190 Leu Ser Pro Phe Ile Ser Asp Ala Leu Val Leu Arg Arg Thr Ile Leu 195 200 205 Pro Thr Gln Val Glu Asn Met Gln Gln Pro Asn Ala His Arg Ile Ser 210 215 220 Gln Pro Ile Arg Gln Ile Ile Tyr Gly Leu Leu Leu Asn Ala Ser Pro 225 230 235 240 His Leu Asp Lys Thr Ser Trp Asn Ala Leu Pro Pro Gln Pro Leu Ala 245 250 255 Phe Ser Glu Val Glu Arg Ile Asn Lys Asn Ile Arg Thr Ser Ile Ile 260 265 270 Asp Ala Val Glu Leu Ala Lys Asp His Ser Asp Leu Ser Arg Leu Thr 275 280 285 Glu Leu Ser Leu Arg Arg Arg Gln Met Leu Leu Leu Glu Thr Leu Lys 290 295 300 Val Lys Gln Thr Ile Leu Glu Pro Ile Pro Thr Ser Leu Lys Leu Pro 305 310 315 320 Ile Ala Val Ser Cys Tyr Trp Leu Gln His Thr Glu Thr Lys Ala Lys 325 330 335 Leu His His Leu Gln Ser Leu Leu Leu Thr Met Leu Val Gly Pro Leu 340 345 350 Ile Ala Ile Ile Asn Ser Pro Gly Asn Val Asp Pro Val Pro Arg Gln 355 360 365 Ala Gln Cys Leu Ala Pro Arg 370 375 396 1017 DNA Homo sapiens 396 atgaacacta ttaagggcac acaaaactat atccctgcca aatgcttttc ccttgatgca 60 ttctgccatc acttcagcaa tatgaataaa gctctactac ctctctttgc ggtgctatgt 120 ggaaatgacc atgttaatct acccatcatg gagacattct taagtaaagc gcgtcttcct 180 cttggagcta ccagttctaa agggaggaga caccaccgaa tcctgggact tctgaattgg 240 ttgtctcatt ttgccaaccc taccgaagca ctagataatg ttctgaaata cctcccaaaa 300 aaggatcgag aaaatgttaa ggaacttctc tgctgttcca tggaagaata ccaacagtcc 360 caggtgaagc tacaggactt cttccagtgt ggtacttatg tctgtccaga tgccttgaat 420 cttggtttac cagaatgggt attagtggct ttagctaaag gccagctatc tcctttcatc 480 agtgatgctt tggtcctaag acggaccatt cttcccacac aggtggaaaa catgcagcaa 540 ccaaatgccc acagaatatc tcagcccatc aggcaaatca tctatgggct tcttttaaat 600 gcctcaccac atctggacaa gacatcctgg aatgcattgc ctcctcagcc tctagctttc 660 agtgaagtgg aaaggattaa taaaaatatc agaacctcaa tcattgatgc agtagaactg 720 gccaaggatc attctgactt aagcagattg actgagctct ccttgaggag gcggcagatg 780 cttctgttag aaaccctgaa ggtgaaacag accattctgg agccaatccc tacttcactg 840 aagttgccca ttgctgtcag ttgctactgg ttgcagcaca ccgagaccaa agcaaagcta 900 catcatctac aatccttact gctcacaatg ctagtggggc ccttgattgc cataatcaac 960 agccctggaa atgtggaccc tgtacccagg caggctcagt gtcttgctcc tcgctag 1017 397 338 PRT Homo sapiens 397 Met Asn Thr Ile Lys Gly Thr Gln Asn Tyr Ile Pro Ala Lys Cys Phe 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu Asp Ala Phe Cys His His Phe Ser Asn Met Asn Lys Ala Leu 20 25 30 Leu Pro Leu Phe Ala Val Leu Cys Gly Asn Asp His Val Asn Leu Pro 35 40 45 Ile Met Glu Thr Phe Leu Ser Lys Ala Arg Leu Pro Leu Gly Ala Thr 50 55 60 Ser Ser Lys Gly Arg Arg His His Arg Ile Leu Gly Leu Leu Asn Trp 65 70 75 80 Leu Ser His Phe Ala Asn Pro Thr Glu Ala Leu Asp Asn Val Leu Lys 85 90 95 Tyr Leu Pro Lys Lys Asp Arg Glu Asn Val Lys Glu Leu Leu Cys Cys 100 105 110 Ser Met Glu Glu Tyr Gln Gln Ser Gln Val Lys Leu Gln Asp Phe Phe 115 120 125 Gln Cys Gly Thr Tyr Val Cys Pro Asp Ala Leu Asn Leu Gly Leu Pro 130 135 140 Glu Trp Val Leu Val Ala Leu Ala Lys Gly Gln Leu Ser Pro Phe Ile 145 150 155 160 Ser Asp Ala Leu Val Leu Arg Arg Thr Ile Leu Pro Thr Gln Val Glu 165 170 175 Asn Met Gln Gln Pro Asn Ala His Arg Ile Ser Gln Pro Ile Arg Gln 180 185 190 Ile Ile Tyr Gly Leu Leu Leu Asn Ala Ser Pro His Leu Asp Lys Thr 195 200 205 Ser Trp Asn Ala Leu Pro Pro Gln Pro Leu Ala Phe Ser Glu Val Glu 210 215 220 Arg Ile Asn Lys Asn Ile Arg Thr Ser Ile Ile Asp Ala Val Glu Leu 225 230 235 240 Ala Lys Asp His Ser Asp Leu Ser Arg Leu Thr Glu Leu Ser Leu Arg 245 250 255 Arg Arg Gln Met Leu Leu Leu Glu Thr Leu Lys Val Lys Gln Thr Ile 260 265 270 Leu Glu Pro Ile Pro Thr Ser Leu Lys Leu Pro Ile Ala Val Ser Cys 275 280 285 Tyr Trp Leu Gln His Thr Glu Thr Lys Ala Lys Leu His His Leu Gln 290 295 300 Ser Leu Leu Leu Thr Met Leu Val Gly Pro Leu Ile Ala Ile Ile Asn 305 310 315 320 Ser Pro Gly Asn Val Asp Pro Val Pro Arg Gln Ala Gln Cys Leu Ala 325 330 335 Pro Arg 398 15 DNA Homo sapiens 398 atgcttttcc cttga 15 399 4 PRT Homo sapiens 399 Met Leu Phe Pro 1 400 30 DNA Homo sapiens 400 atgcattctg ccatcacttc agcaatatga 30 401 9 PRT Homo sapiens 401 Met His Ser Ala Ile Thr Ser Ala Ile 1 5 402 936 DNA Homo sapiens 402 atgaataaag ctctactacc tctctttgcg gtgctatgtg gaaatgacca tgttaatcta 60 cccatcatgg agacattctt aagtaaagcg cgtcttcctc ttggagctac cagttctaaa 120 gggaggagac accaccgaat cctgggactt ctgaattggt tgtctcattt tgccaaccct 180 accgaagcac tagataatgt tctgaaatac ctcccaaaaa aggatcgaga aaatgttaag 240 gaacttctct gctgttccat ggaagaatac caacagtccc aggtgaagct acaggacttc 300 ttccagtgtg gtacttatgt ctgtccagat gccttgaatc ttggtttacc agaatgggta 360 ttagtggctt tagctaaagg ccagctatct cctttcatca gtgatgcttt ggtcctaaga 420 cggaccattc ttcccacaca ggtggaaaac atgcagcaac caaatgccca cagaatatct 480 cagcccatca ggcaaatcat ctatgggctt cttttaaatg cctcaccaca tctggacaag 540 acatcctgga atgcattgcc tcctcagcct ctagctttca gtgaagtgga aaggattaat 600 aaaaatatca gaacctcaat cattgatgca gtagaactgg ccaaggatca ttctgactta 660 agcagattga ctgagctctc cttgaggagg cggcagatgc ttctgttaga aaccctgaag 720 gtgaaacaga ccattctgga gccaatccct acttcactga agttgcccat tgctgtcagt 780 tgctactggt tgcagcacac cgagaccaaa gcaaagctac atcatctaca atccttactg 840 ctcacaatgc tagtggggcc cttgattgcc ataatcaaca gccctggaaa tgtggaccct 900 gtacccaggc aggctcagtg tcttgctcct cgctag 936 403 311 PRT Homo sapiens 403 Met Asn Lys Ala Leu Leu Pro Leu Phe Ala Val Leu Cys Gly Asn Asp 1 5 10 15 His Val Asn Leu Pro Ile Met Glu Thr Phe Leu Ser Lys Ala Arg Leu 20 25 30 Pro Leu Gly Ala Thr Ser Ser Lys Gly Arg Arg His His Arg Ile Leu 35 40 45 Gly Leu Leu Asn Trp Leu Ser His Phe Ala Asn Pro Thr Glu Ala Leu 50 55 60 Asp Asn Val Leu Lys Tyr Leu Pro Lys Lys Asp Arg Glu Asn Val Lys 65 70 75 80 Glu Leu Leu Cys Cys Ser Met Glu Glu Tyr Gln Gln Ser Gln Val Lys 85 90 95 Leu Gln Asp Phe Phe Gln Cys Gly Thr Tyr Val Cys Pro Asp Ala Leu 100 105 110 Asn Leu Gly Leu Pro Glu Trp Val Leu Val Ala Leu Ala Lys Gly Gln 115 120 125 Leu Ser Pro Phe Ile Ser Asp Ala Leu Val Leu Arg Arg Thr Ile Leu 130 135 140 Pro Thr Gln Val Glu Asn Met Gln Gln Pro Asn Ala His Arg Ile Ser 145 150 155 160 Gln Pro Ile Arg Gln Ile Ile Tyr Gly Leu Leu Leu Asn Ala Ser Pro 165 170 175 His Leu Asp Lys Thr Ser Trp Asn Ala Leu Pro Pro Gln Pro Leu Ala 180 185 190 Phe Ser Glu Val Glu Arg Ile Asn Lys Asn Ile Arg Thr Ser Ile Ile 195 200 205 Asp Ala Val Glu Leu Ala Lys Asp His Ser Asp Leu Ser Arg Leu Thr 210 215 220 Glu Leu Ser Leu Arg Arg Arg Gln Met Leu Leu Leu Glu Thr Leu Lys 225 230 235 240 Val Lys Gln Thr Ile Leu Glu Pro Ile Pro Thr Ser Leu Lys Leu Pro 245 250 255 Ile Ala Val Ser Cys Tyr Trp Leu Gln His Thr Glu Thr Lys Ala Lys 260 265 270 Leu His His Leu Gln Ser Leu Leu Leu Thr Met Leu Val Gly Pro Leu 275 280 285 Ile Ala Ile Ile Asn Ser Pro Gly Asn Val Asp Pro Val Pro Arg Gln 290 295 300 Ala Gln Cys Leu Ala Pro Arg 305 310 404 12 DNA Homo sapiens 404 atgtggaaat ga 12 405 3 PRT Homo sapiens 405 Met Trp Lys 1 406 39 DNA Homo sapiens 406 atgaccatgt taatctaccc atcatggaga cattcttaa 39 407 12 PRT Homo sapiens 407 Met Thr Met Leu Ile Tyr Pro Ser Trp Arg His Ser 1 5 10 408 33 DNA Homo sapiens 408 atgttaatct acccatcatg gagacattct taa 33 409 10 PRT Homo sapiens 409 Met Leu Ile Tyr Pro Ser Trp Arg His Ser 1 5 10 410 870 DNA Homo sapiens 410 atggagacat tcttaagtaa agcgcgtctt cctcttggag ctaccagttc taaagggagg 60 agacaccacc gaatcctggg acttctgaat tggttgtctc attttgccaa ccctaccgaa 120 gcactagata atgttctgaa atacctccca aaaaaggatc gagaaaatgt taaggaactt 180 ctctgctgtt ccatggaaga ataccaacag tcccaggtga agctacagga cttcttccag 240 tgtggtactt atgtctgtcc agatgccttg aatcttggtt taccagaatg ggtattagtg 300 gctttagcta aaggccagct atctcctttc atcagtgatg ctttggtcct aagacggacc 360 attcttccca cacaggtgga aaacatgcag caaccaaatg cccacagaat atctcagccc 420 atcaggcaaa tcatctatgg gcttctttta aatgcctcac cacatctgga caagacatcc 480 tggaatgcat tgcctcctca gcctctagct ttcagtgaag tggaaaggat taataaaaat 540 atcagaacct caatcattga tgcagtagaa ctggccaagg atcattctga cttaagcaga 600 ttgactgagc tctccttgag gaggcggcag atgcttctgt tagaaaccct gaaggtgaaa 660 cagaccattc tggagccaat ccctacttca ctgaagttgc ccattgctgt cagttgctac 720 tggttgcagc acaccgagac caaagcaaag ctacatcatc tacaatcctt actgctcaca 780 atgctagtgg ggcccttgat tgccataatc aacagccctg gaaatgtgga ccctgtaccc 840 aggcaggctc agtgtcttgc tcctcgctag 870 411 289 PRT Homo sapiens 411 Met Glu Thr Phe Leu Ser Lys Ala Arg Leu Pro Leu Gly Ala Thr Ser 1 5 10 15 Ser Lys Gly Arg Arg His His Arg Ile Leu Gly Leu Leu Asn Trp Leu 20 25 30 Ser His Phe Ala Asn Pro Thr Glu Ala Leu Asp Asn Val Leu Lys Tyr 35 40 45 Leu Pro Lys Lys Asp Arg Glu Asn Val Lys Glu Leu Leu Cys Cys Ser 50 55 60 Met Glu Glu Tyr Gln Gln Ser Gln Val Lys Leu Gln Asp Phe Phe Gln 65 70 75 80 Cys Gly Thr Tyr Val Cys Pro Asp Ala Leu Asn Leu Gly Leu Pro Glu 85 90 95 Trp Val Leu Val Ala Leu Ala Lys Gly Gln Leu Ser Pro Phe Ile Ser 100 105 110 Asp Ala Leu Val Leu Arg Arg Thr Ile Leu Pro Thr Gln Val Glu Asn 115 120 125 Met Gln Gln Pro Asn Ala His Arg Ile Ser Gln Pro Ile Arg Gln Ile 130 135 140 Ile Tyr Gly Leu Leu Leu Asn Ala Ser Pro His Leu Asp Lys Thr Ser 145 150 155 160 Trp Asn Ala Leu Pro Pro Gln Pro Leu Ala Phe Ser Glu Val Glu Arg 165 170 175 Ile Asn Lys Asn Ile Arg Thr Ser Ile Ile Asp Ala Val Glu Leu Ala 180 185 190 Lys Asp His Ser Asp Leu Ser Arg Leu Thr Glu Leu Ser Leu Arg Arg 195 200 205 Arg Gln Met Leu Leu Leu Glu Thr Leu Lys Val Lys Gln Thr Ile Leu 210 215 220 Glu Pro Ile Pro Thr Ser Leu Lys Leu Pro Ile Ala Val Ser Cys Tyr 225 230 235 240 Trp Leu Gln His Thr Glu Thr Lys Ala Lys Leu His His Leu Gln Ser 245 250 255 Leu Leu Leu Thr Met Leu Val Gly Pro Leu Ile Ala Ile Ile Asn Ser 260 265 270 Pro Gly Asn Val Asp Pro Val Pro Arg Gln Ala Gln Cys Leu Ala Pro 275 280 285 Arg 412 54 DNA Homo sapiens 412 atgttaagga acttctctgc tgttccatgg aagaatacca acagtcccag gtga 54 413 17 PRT Homo sapiens 413 Met Leu Arg Asn Phe Ser Ala Val Pro Trp Lys Asn Thr Asn Ser Pro 1 5 10 15 Arg 414 678 DNA Homo sapiens 414 atggaagaat accaacagtc ccaggtgaag ctacaggact tcttccagtg tggtacttat 60 gtctgtccag atgccttgaa tcttggttta ccagaatggg tattagtggc tttagctaaa 120 ggccagctat ctcctttcat cagtgatgct ttggtcctaa gacggaccat tcttcccaca 180 caggtggaaa acatgcagca accaaatgcc cacagaatat ctcagcccat caggcaaatc 240 atctatgggc ttcttttaaa tgcctcacca catctggaca agacatcctg gaatgcattg 300 cctcctcagc ctctagcttt cagtgaagtg gaaaggatta ataaaaatat cagaacctca 360 atcattgatg cagtagaact ggccaaggat cattctgact taagcagatt gactgagctc 420 tccttgagga ggcggcagat gcttctgtta gaaaccctga aggtgaaaca gaccattctg 480 gagccaatcc ctacttcact gaagttgccc attgctgtca gttgctactg gttgcagcac 540 accgagacca aagcaaagct acatcatcta caatccttac tgctcacaat gctagtgggg 600 cccttgattg ccataatcaa cagccctgga aatgtggacc ctgtacccag gcaggctcag 660 tgtcttgctc ctcgctag 678 415 225 PRT Homo sapiens 415 Met Glu Glu Tyr Gln Gln Ser Gln Val Lys Leu Gln Asp Phe Phe Gln 1 5 10 15 Cys Gly Thr Tyr Val Cys Pro Asp Ala Leu Asn Leu Gly Leu Pro Glu 20 25 30 Trp Val Leu Val Ala Leu Ala Lys Gly Gln Leu Ser Pro Phe Ile Ser 35 40 45 Asp Ala Leu Val Leu Arg Arg Thr Ile Leu Pro Thr Gln Val Glu Asn 50 55 60 Met Gln Gln Pro Asn Ala His Arg Ile Ser Gln Pro Ile Arg Gln Ile 65 70 75 80 Ile Tyr Gly Leu Leu Leu Asn Ala Ser Pro His Leu Asp Lys Thr Ser 85 90 95 Trp Asn Ala Leu Pro Pro Gln Pro Leu Ala Phe Ser Glu Val Glu Arg 100 105 110 Ile Asn Lys Asn Ile Arg Thr Ser Ile Ile Asp Ala Val Glu Leu Ala 115 120 125 Lys Asp His Ser Asp Leu Ser Arg Leu Thr Glu Leu Ser Leu Arg Arg 130 135 140 Arg Gln Met Leu Leu Leu Glu Thr Leu Lys Val Lys Gln Thr Ile Leu 145 150 155 160 Glu Pro Ile Pro Thr Ser Leu Lys Leu Pro Ile Ala Val Ser Cys Tyr 165 170 175 Trp Leu Gln His Thr Glu Thr Lys Ala Lys Leu His His Leu Gln Ser 180 185 190 Leu Leu Leu Thr Met Leu Val Gly Pro Leu Ile Ala Ile Ile Asn Ser 195 200 205 Pro Gly Asn Val Asp Pro Val Pro Arg Gln Ala Gln Cys Leu Ala Pro 210 215 220 Arg 225 416 21 DNA Homo sapiens 416 atgtctgtcc agatgccttg a 21 417 6 PRT Homo sapiens 417 Met Ser Val Gln Met Pro 1 5 418 24 DNA Homo sapiens 418 atgggtatta gtggctttag ctaa 24 419 7 PRT Homo sapiens 419 Met Gly Ile Ser Gly Phe Ser 1 5 420 15 DNA Homo sapiens 420 atgctttggt cctaa 15 421 4 PRT Homo sapiens 421 Met Leu Trp Ser 1 422 486 DNA Homo sapiens 422 atgcagcaac caaatgccca cagaatatct cagcccatca ggcaaatcat ctatgggctt 60 cttttaaatg cctcaccaca tctggacaag acatcctgga atgcattgcc tcctcagcct 120 ctagctttca gtgaagtgga aaggattaat aaaaatatca gaacctcaat cattgatgca 180 gtagaactgg ccaaggatca ttctgactta agcagattga ctgagctctc cttgaggagg 240 cggcagatgc ttctgttaga aaccctgaag gtgaaacaga ccattctgga gccaatccct 300 acttcactga agttgcccat tgctgtcagt tgctactggt tgcagcacac cgagaccaaa 360 gcaaagctac atcatctaca atccttactg ctcacaatgc tagtggggcc cttgattgcc 420 ataatcaaca gccctggaaa tgtggaccct gtacccaggc aggctcagtg tcttgctcct 480 cgctag 486 423 161 PRT Homo sapiens 423 Met Gln Gln Pro Asn Ala His Arg Ile Ser Gln Pro Ile Arg Gln Ile 1 5 10 15 Ile Tyr Gly Leu Leu Leu Asn Ala Ser Pro His Leu Asp Lys Thr Ser 20 25 30 Trp Asn Ala Leu Pro Pro Gln Pro Leu Ala Phe Ser Glu Val Glu Arg 35 40 45 Ile Asn Lys Asn Ile Arg Thr Ser Ile Ile Asp Ala Val Glu Leu Ala 50 55 60 Lys Asp His Ser Asp Leu Ser Arg Leu Thr Glu Leu Ser Leu Arg Arg 65 70 75 80 Arg Gln Met Leu Leu Leu Glu Thr Leu Lys Val Lys Gln Thr Ile Leu 85 90 95 Glu Pro Ile Pro Thr Ser Leu Lys Leu Pro Ile Ala Val Ser Cys Tyr 100 105 110 Trp Leu Gln His Thr Glu Thr Lys Ala Lys Leu His His Leu Gln Ser 115 120 125 Leu Leu Leu Thr Met Leu Val Gly Pro Leu Ile Ala Ile Ile Asn Ser 130 135 140 Pro Gly Asn Val Asp Pro Val Pro Arg Gln Ala Gln Cys Leu Ala Pro 145 150 155 160 Arg 424 54 DNA Homo sapiens 424 atgcccacag aatatctcag cccatcaggc aaatcatcta tgggcttctt ttaa 54 425 17 PRT Homo sapiens 425 Met Pro Thr Glu Tyr Leu Ser Pro Ser Gly Lys Ser Ser Met Gly Phe 1 5 10 15 Phe 426 15 DNA Homo sapiens 426 atgggcttct tttaa 15 427 4 PRT Homo sapiens 427 Met Gly Phe Phe 1 428 57 DNA Homo sapiens 428 atgcctcacc acatctggac aagacatcct ggaatgcatt gcctcctcag cctctag 57 429 18 PRT Homo sapiens 429 Met Pro His His Ile Trp Thr Arg His Pro Gly Met His Cys Leu Leu 1 5 10 15 Ser Leu 430 24 DNA Homo sapiens 430 atgcattgcc tcctcagcct ctag 24 431 7 PRT Homo sapiens 431 Met His Cys Leu Leu Ser Leu 1 5 432 240 DNA Homo sapiens 432 atgcttctgt tagaaaccct gaaggtgaaa cagaccattc tggagccaat ccctacttca 60 ctgaagttgc ccattgctgt cagttgctac tggttgcagc acaccgagac caaagcaaag 120 ctacatcatc tacaatcctt actgctcaca atgctagtgg ggcccttgat tgccataatc 180 aacagccctg gaaatgtgga ccctgtaccc aggcaggctc agtgtcttgc tcctcgctag 240 433 79 PRT Homo sapiens 433 Met Leu Leu Leu Glu Thr Leu Lys Val Lys Gln Thr Ile Leu Glu Pro 1 5 10 15 Ile Pro Thr Ser Leu Lys Leu Pro Ile Ala Val Ser Cys Tyr Trp Leu 20 25 30 Gln His Thr Glu Thr Lys Ala Lys Leu His His Leu Gln Ser Leu Leu 35 40 45 Leu Thr Met Leu Val Gly Pro Leu Ile Ala Ile Ile Asn Ser Pro Gly 50 55 60 Asn Val Asp Pro Val Pro Arg Gln Ala Gln Cys Leu Ala Pro Arg 65 70 75 434 90 DNA Homo sapiens 434 atgctagtgg ggcccttgat tgccataatc aacagccctg gaaatgtgga ccctgtaccc 60 aggcaggctc agtgtcttgc tcctcgctag 90 435 29 PRT Homo sapiens 435 Met Leu Val Gly Pro Leu Ile Ala Ile Ile Asn Ser Pro Gly Asn Val 1 5 10 15 Asp Pro Val Pro Arg Gln Ala Gln Cys Leu Ala Pro Arg 20 25 436 54 DNA Homo sapiens 436 atgtggaccc tgtacccagg caggctcagt gtcttgctcc tcgctagttg gtaa 54 437 17 PRT Homo sapiens 437 Met Trp Thr Leu Tyr Pro Gly Arg Leu Ser Val Leu Leu Leu Ala Ser 1 5 10 15 Trp 438 39 DNA Homo sapiens 438 atggtgctaa gatgttgtat gcagagttcc aaagagtga 39 439 12 PRT Homo sapiens 439 Met Val Leu Arg Cys Cys Met Gln Ser Ser Lys Glu 1 5 10 440 309 DNA Homo sapiens 440 atgttgtatg cagagttcca aagagtgaag gcgcagacac ggctgggcac aagactggac 60 ttagacacag ctcacatctt ctgtcagtgg cagtcctgtc tccagatggg gatgtatctc 120 aaccagctgc tgtccactcc tctcccagag ccagacctaa ctcgactgta cagtggaagc 180 ctggtgcacg gactatgcca gcaactgcta gcatcgacct ctgtagaaag tctcctgagc 240 atatgtcctg aggctaagca actttatgaa tatctattca atgcccacaa ggtcatatgc 300 ccccgctga 309 441 102 PRT Homo sapiens 441 Met Leu Tyr Ala Glu Phe Gln Arg Val Lys Ala Gln Thr Arg Leu Gly 1 5 10 15 Thr Arg Leu Asp Leu Asp Thr Ala His Ile Phe Cys Gln Trp Gln Ser 20 25 30 Cys Leu Gln Met Gly Met Tyr Leu Asn Gln Leu Leu Ser Thr Pro Leu 35 40 45 Pro Glu Pro Asp Leu Thr Arg Leu Tyr Ser Gly Ser Leu Val His Gly 50 55 60 Leu Cys Gln Gln Leu Leu Ala Ser Thr Ser Val Glu Ser Leu Leu Ser 65 70 75 80 Ile Cys Pro Glu Ala Lys Gln Leu Tyr Glu Tyr Leu Phe Asn Ala His 85 90 95 Lys Val Ile Cys Pro Arg 100 442 21 DNA Homo sapiens 442 atgcagagtt ccaaagagtg a 21 443 6 PRT Homo sapiens 443 Met Gln Ser Ser Lys Glu 1 5 444 204 DNA Homo sapiens 444 atggggatgt atctcaacca gctgctgtcc actcctctcc cagagccaga cctaactcga 60 ctgtacagtg gaagcctggt gcacggacta tgccagcaac tgctagcatc gacctctgta 120 gaaagtctcc tgagcatatg tcctgaggct aagcaacttt atgaatatct attcaatgcc 180 cacaaggtca tatgcccccg ctga 204 445 67 PRT Homo sapiens 445 Met Gly Met Tyr Leu Asn Gln Leu Leu Ser Thr Pro Leu Pro Glu Pro 1 5 10 15 Asp Leu Thr Arg Leu Tyr Ser Gly Ser Leu Val His Gly Leu Cys Gln 20 25 30 Gln Leu Leu Ala Ser Thr Ser Val Glu Ser Leu Leu Ser Ile Cys Pro 35 40 45 Glu Ala Lys Gln Leu Tyr Glu Tyr Leu Phe Asn Ala His Lys Val Ile 50 55 60 Cys Pro Arg 65 446 198 DNA Homo sapiens 446 atgtatctca accagctgct gtccactcct ctcccagagc cagacctaac tcgactgtac 60 agtggaagcc tggtgcacgg actatgccag caactgctag catcgacctc tgtagaaagt 120 ctcctgagca tatgtcctga ggctaagcaa ctttatgaat atctattcaa tgcccacaag 180 gtcatatgcc cccgctga 198 447 65 PRT Homo sapiens 447 Met Tyr Leu Asn Gln Leu Leu Ser Thr Pro Leu Pro Glu Pro Asp Leu 1 5 10 15 Thr Arg Leu Tyr Ser Gly Ser Leu Val His Gly Leu Cys Gln Gln Leu 20 25 30 Leu Ala Ser Thr Ser Val Glu Ser Leu Leu Ser Ile Cys Pro Glu Ala 35 40 45 Lys Gln Leu Tyr Glu Tyr Leu Phe Asn Ala His Lys Val Ile Cys Pro 50 55 60 Arg 65 448 57 DNA Homo sapiens 448 atgccagcaa ctgctagcat cgacctctgt agaaagtctc ctgagcatat gtcctga 57 449 18 PRT Homo sapiens 449 Met Pro Ala Thr Ala Ser Ile Asp Leu Cys Arg Lys Ser Pro Glu His 1 5 10 15 Met Ser 450 231 DNA Homo sapiens 450 atgaatatct attcaatgcc cacaaggtca tatgcccccg ctgaaatatt cctaccaaaa 60 ggtagatcaa attcaaaaaa aaaaaggcag aagaaacaga ataccagctg ttctaagaac 120 agagggagaa ccactgcaca caccaagtgt tggtatgagg gaaacaaccg gtttgggttg 180 ttaatggttg aaaacttaga ggaacatagt gaggcctcca acattgaata a 231 451 76 PRT Homo sapiens 451 Met Asn Ile Tyr Ser Met Pro Thr Arg Ser Tyr Ala Pro Ala Glu Ile 1 5 10 15 Phe Leu Pro Lys Gly Arg Ser Asn Ser Lys Lys Lys Arg Gln Lys Lys 20 25 30 Gln Asn Thr Ser Cys Ser Lys Asn Arg Gly Arg Thr Thr Ala His Thr 35 40 45 Lys Cys Trp Tyr Glu Gly Asn Asn Arg Phe Gly Leu Leu Met Val Glu 50 55 60 Asn Leu Glu Glu His Ser Glu Ala Ser Asn Ile Glu 65 70 75 452 216 DNA Homo sapiens 452 atgcccacaa ggtcatatgc ccccgctgaa atattcctac caaaaggtag atcaaattca 60 aaaaaaaaaa ggcagaagaa acagaatacc agctgttcta agaacagagg gagaaccact 120 gcacacacca agtgttggta tgagggaaac aaccggtttg ggttgttaat ggttgaaaac 180 ttagaggaac atagtgaggc ctccaacatt gaataa 216 453 71 PRT Homo sapiens 453 Met Pro Thr Arg Ser Tyr Ala Pro Ala Glu Ile Phe Leu Pro Lys Gly 1 5 10 15 Arg Ser Asn Ser Lys Lys Lys Arg Gln Lys Lys Gln Asn Thr Ser Cys 20 25 30 Ser Lys Asn Arg Gly Arg Thr Thr Ala His Thr Lys Cys Trp Tyr Glu 35 40 45 Gly Asn Asn Arg Phe Gly Leu Leu Met Val Glu Asn Leu Glu Glu His 50 55 60 Ser Glu Ala Ser Asn Ile Glu 65 70 454 153 DNA Homo sapiens 454 atgcccccgc tgaaatattc ctaccaaaag gtagatcaaa ttcaaaaaaa aaaaggcaga 60 agaaacagaa taccagctgt tctaagaaca gagggagaac cactgcacac accaagtgtt 120 ggtatgaggg aaacaaccgg tttgggttgt taa 153 455 50 PRT Homo sapiens 455 Met Pro Pro Leu Lys Tyr Ser Tyr Gln Lys Val Asp Gln Ile Gln Lys 1 5 10 15 Lys Lys Gly Arg Arg Asn Arg Ile Pro Ala Val Leu Arg Thr Glu Gly 20 25 30 Glu Pro Leu His Thr Pro Ser Val Gly Met Arg Glu Thr Thr Gly Leu 35 40 45 Gly Cys 50 456 30 DNA Homo sapiens 456 atgagggaaa caaccggttt gggttgttaa 30 457 9 PRT Homo sapiens 457 Met Arg Glu Thr Thr Gly Leu Gly Cys 1 5 458 48 DNA Homo sapiens 458 atggttgaaa acttagagga acatagtgag gcctccaaca ttgaataa 48 459 15 PRT Homo sapiens 459 Met Val Glu Asn Leu Glu Glu His Ser Glu Ala Ser Asn Ile Glu 1 5 10 15 460 15 DNA Homo sapiens 460 atgtatttaa tataa 15 461 4 PRT Homo sapiens 461 Met Tyr Leu Ile 1 462 979 DNA Homo sapiens 462 tcgacccacg cgtccgcctg ccagcggacg acgtggtcag catcatcgag gaggtggagg 60 agaagcggaa gcggaagaag aacgcccctc ccgagcccgt gccgcccccc cgtgccgccc 120 ccgcccccac ccacgtccgc tccccgcagc ccccgccccc cgcccccgct cccgcacgag 180 acgagctgcc ggactggaac gaggtgctcc cgccctggga tcgggaggag gacgaggtgt 240 acccgccagg gccgtaccac cctttcccca actacatccg gccgcggaca ctgcagccgc 300 cctcggcctt gcgccgccgc cactaccacc acgccttgcc gccttcgcgc cactatcccg 360 gccgggaggc ccaggcgcgg cgcgcgcagg aggaggcgga ggcggaggag cgccggctgc 420 aggagcagga ggagctggag aattacatcg agcacgtgct gctccggcgc ccgtgactgc 480 ccttcccgta accgcccccg cgcgcccccg ccgcgcgcgc gcgccggcgc ccccctccgt 540 gttgcccgct ccccctcggt gtttgcatgc gccccggccc tgccccttgg ccctgcccct 600 gtccccgggc tgcgtcggga cctgccagac ccccctcccg ggtcctgagc ccgaactccc 660 agagctcacc cgcgggtgac cgggggccag cccaggaggg cgggtggttt gtgcgagttc 720 ccttgccacg cggggccccg gccccatcaa gtccctctgg ggacgtcccc gtcggaaacc 780 ggaaaaagca gttccagtta attgtgtgaa gtgtgtctgt ctccagccct tcgggcctcc 840 cacgagcccc tccagcctct ccaagtcgct gtgaattgac cccttctttc ctttctctgt 900 tgtaaatacc cctcacggag gaaatagttt tgctaagaaa taaaagtgac tattttaaaa 960 aaaaaaaaaa agggcggcc 979 463 243 DNA Homo sapiens 463 atgcgccccg gccctgcccc ttggccctgc ccctgtcccc gggctgcgtc gggacctgcc 60 agacccccct cccgggtcct gagcccgaac tcccagagct cacccgcggg tgaccggggg 120 ccagcccagg agggcgggtg gtttgtgcga gttcccttgc cacgcggggc cccggcccca 180 tcaagtccct ctggggacgt ccccgtcgga aaccggaaaa agcagttcca gttaattgtg 240 tga 243 464 80 PRT Homo sapiens 464 Met Arg Pro Gly Pro Ala Pro Trp Pro Cys Pro Cys Pro Arg Ala Ala 1 5 10 15 Ser Gly Pro Ala Arg Pro Pro Ser Arg Val Leu Ser Pro Asn Ser Gln 20 25 30 Ser Ser Pro Ala Gly Asp Arg Gly Pro Ala Gln Glu Gly Gly Trp Phe 35 40 45 Val Arg Val Pro Leu Pro Arg Gly Ala Pro Ala Pro Ser Ser Pro Ser 50 55 60 Gly Asp Val Pro Val Gly Asn Arg Lys Lys Gln Phe Gln Leu Ile Val 65 70 75 80 465 18 DNA Artificial Sequence Ologonucleotide 465 tgtaaaacga cggccagt 18 466 18 DNA Artificial Sequence Oligonucleotide 466 caggaaacag ctatgacc 18 

What is claimed is:
 1. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleotide sequence that encodes a protective sequence product comprising: (a) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 4(A-L); (b) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 5(A-X); (c) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 6(A-AD); (d) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 7(A-H); (e) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 8(A-O); (f) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 9(A-AL); (g) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 10(A-O); (h) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 11(A-AG); (i) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 12(A-AY); or (j) the amino acid sequence shown in FIG.
 13. 2. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising: (a) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 4(A-L); (b) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 5(A-X); (c) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 6(A-AD); (d) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 7(A-H); (e) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 8(A-O); (f) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 9(A-AL); (g) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 10(A-O); (h) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 11(A-AG); (i) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 12(A-AY); (j) a nucleic acid shown in FIG. 13; or (k) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 1(A-J);
 3. An isolated nucleic acid molecule comprising a complement of the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 1-2.
 4. An isolated nucleic acid molecule which hybridizes to the complement of the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 1-2 under highly stringent conditions.
 5. An isolated nucleic acid molecule which hybridizes to the complement of the nucleic acid molecule of any one of claims 1-2 under moderately stringent conditions.
 6. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 4, wherein said isolated nucleic acid molecule encodes a protective sequence product.
 7. The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 5, wherein said isolated nucleic acid molecule encodes a protective sequence product.
 8. A vector comprising the nucleic acid of any one of claims 1-2.
 9. The vector of claim 8, wherein said vector is a viral vector.
 10. An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid of any one of claims 1-2 operatively associated with a regulatory nucleic acid controlling the expression of the nucleic acid in a host cell.
 11. A host cell genetically engineered to contain the nucleic acid of any one of claims 1-2.
 12. A host cell genetically engineered to express the nucleic acid of any one of claims 1-2 operatively associated with a regulatory nucleic acid controlling expression of the nucleic acid in said host cell.
 13. A transgenic, non-human animal which has been genetically engineered to contain a transgene comprising the nucleic acid of any one of claims 1-2.
 14. The transgenic, non-human animal of claim 13, wherein the transgene is expressed.
 15. An isolated polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence of a protective sequence product comprising: (a) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 4(A-L); (b) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 5(A-X); (c) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 6(A-AD); (d) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 7(A-H); (e) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 8(A-O); (f) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 9(A-AL); (g) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 10(A-O); (h) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 11(A-AG); (i) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 12(A-AY); or (j) the amino acid sequence shown in FIG.
 13. 16. An isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim
 4. 17. An isolated polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence encoded by the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim
 5. 18. An isolated fusion polypeptide comprising a fusion peptide and an amino acid sequence of a protective sequence product comprising: (a) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 4(A-L); (b) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 5(A-X); (c) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 6(A-AD); (d) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 7(A-H); (e) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 8(A-O); (f) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 9(A-AL); (g) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 10(A-O); (h) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 11(A-AG); (i) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 12(A-AY); or (j) the amino acid sequence shown in FIG.
 13. 19. An isolated fusion polypeptide comprising a fusion peptide and an amino acid sequence encoded by the isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim
 4. 20. An isolated fusion polypeptide comprising a fusion peptide and an amino acid sequence encoded by the isolated nucleic acid molecules of claim
 5. 21. An antibody which binds to the isolated polypeptide of claim
 15. 22. A method for treating a protective sequence-mediated condition, disorder or disease in an individual comprising administering to the individual a compound which modulates the function, activity and/or expression of a protective sequence in a cell, cells, tissue, organ, organism or individual.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the compound inhibits or potentiates the function, activity and/or expression of a protective sequence in a cell, cells, tissue, organ, organism or individual.
 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the compound enhances or increases the function, activity and/or expression of a protective sequence in a cell, cells, tissue, organ, organism or individual.
 25. The methods of any one of claims 22-24, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of a small organic molecule, an antibody, a ribozyme or an antisense molecule.
 26. The methods of any one of claims 22-24, wherein the protective sequence-mediated condition, disorder, or disease is a condition, disorder, or disease of the central nervous system, including but not limited to, neurological and psychiatric conditions, disorders, or diseases.
 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the neurological condition is an ischemia-related condition.
 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the neurological condition is a stroke.
 29. The method of claim 22, wherein the protective sequence encodes a protective sequence product comprising: (a) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 4(A-L); (b) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 5(A-X); (c) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 6(A-AD); (d) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 7(A-H); (e) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 8(A-O); (d) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 9(A-AL); (g) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 10(A-O); (h) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 11(A-AG); (i) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 12(A-AY); or (j) the amino acid sequence shown in FIG.
 13. 30. The method of claim 22, wherein the individual is a mammal.
 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the mammal is a human.
 32. A method for treating a protective sequence-mediated condition, disorder or disease in an individual comprising administering to the individual a compound which modulates the expression or activity of a protective sequence product and/or protective sequence regulatory product in the individual.
 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the compound inhibits or potentiates the expression or activity of a protective sequence product and/or protective sequence regulatory product in the individual.
 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the compound enhances or increases the expression or activity of a protective sequence product and/or protective sequence regulatory product in the individual.
 35. The method of claim 32, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of a small organic molecule, an antibody, a ribozyme.or an antisense molecule.
 36. The method of claim 32, wherein the protective sequence-mediated condition, disorder, or disease is a condition, disorder, or disease of the central nervous system, including but not limited to, neurological and psychiatric conditions, disorders, or diseases.
 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the neurological condition is an ischemia-related condition.
 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the neurological condition is a stroke.
 39. The method of claim 32, wherein the protective sequence product comprises: (a) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 4(A-L); (b) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 5(A-X); (c) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 6(A-AD); (d) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 7(A-H); (e) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 8(A-O); (f) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 9(A-AL); (g) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 10(A-O); (h) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 11(A-AG); (i) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 12(A-AY); or (j) the amino acid sequence shown in FIG.
 13. 40. The method of claim 32, wherein the individual is a mammal.
 41. The method of claim 40, wherein the mammal is a human.
 42. A method for identifying a compound which modulates expression of a protective sequence comprising: (a) contacting a test compound to a cell that expresses a protective sequence; (b) measuring a level of protective sequence expression in the cell; (c) comparing the level of protective sequence expression in the cell in the presence of the test compound to a level of protective sequence expression in the cell in the absence of the test compound, wherein if the level of protective sequence expression in the cell in the presence of the test compound differs from the level of expression of the protective sequence in the cell in the absence of the test compound, a compound that modulates expression of a protective sequence is identified.
 43. The method of claim 42, wherein the protective sequence is endogenously expressed within the cell.
 44. The method of claim 42, wherein the protective sequence encodes a protective sequence product comprising: (a) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 4(A-L); (b) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 5(A-X); (c) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 6(A-AD); (d) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 7(A-H); (e) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 8(A-O); (f) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 9(A-AL); (g) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 10(A-O); (h) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 11(A-AG); (i) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 12(A-AY); or (j) the amino acid sequence shown in FIG.
 13. 45. The method of claim 42, wherein the protective sequence comprises: (a) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 4(A-L); (b) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 5(A-X); (c) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 6(A-AD); (d) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 7(A-H); (e) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 8(A-O); (f) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 9(A-AL); (g) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 10(A-O); (h) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 11(A-AG); (i) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 12(A-AY); (j) a nucleic acid shown in FIG. 13; or (k) a nucleic acid shown in FIGS. 1(A-J);
 46. A method for identifying a compound which modulates expression, function or activity of a protective sequence product or protective sequence regulatory element comprising: (a) contacting a test compound to a cell that expresses a protective sequence product or protective sequence regulatory element; (b) measuring a level of protective sequence product or protective sequence regulatory element expression, function or activity in the cell; (c) comparing the level of protective sequence product or protective sequence regulatory element expression, function or activity in the cell in the presence of the test compound to a level of protective sequence product or protective sequence regulatory element expression or activity in the cell in the absence of the test compound, wherein if the level of protective sequence product or protective sequence regulatory element expression, function or activity in the cell in the presence of the test compound differs from the level of protective sequence product or protective sequence regulatory element expression, function or activity in the cell in the absence of the test compound, a compound that modulates expression or activity of a protective sequence product or protective sequence regulatory element is identified.
 47. The method of claim 46, wherein the protective sequence product or protective sequence regulatory element comprises: (a) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 4(A-L); (b) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 5(A-X); (c) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 6(A-AD); (d) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 7(A-H); (e) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 8(A-O); (f) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 9(A-AL); (g) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 10(A-O); (h) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 11(A-AG); (i) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 12(A-AY); or (j) the amino acid sequence shown in FIG.
 13. 48. A method for transferring a protective sequence into a cell comprising contacting the cell with a nucleic acid comprising a protective sequence such that the protective sequence is transferred into the cell.
 49. The method of claim 48 wherein the protective sequence is expressed in the cell.
 50. The method of claim 48 wherein the protective sequence confers protection to the cell from cell death.
 51. A method for modulating the function, activity and/or expression of a protective sequence in a cell comprising administering to the cell a compound which modulates the function, activity and/or expression of a protective sequence in the cell.
 52. The method of claim 51, wherein the compound inhibits or potentiates the function, activity and/or expression of a protective sequence in the cell.
 53. The method of claim 51, wherein the compound enhances or increases the function, activity and/or expression of a protective sequence in the cell.
 54. The methods of any one of claims 51-53, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of a small organic molecule, an antibody, a ribozyme.or an antisense molecule.
 55. The method of claim 51, wherein the protective sequence encodes a protective sequence product comprising: (a) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 4(A-L); (b) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 5(A-X); (c) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 6(A-AD); (d) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 7(A-H); (e) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 8(A-O); (f) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 9(A-AL); (g) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 10(A-O); (h) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 11(A-AG); (i) an amino acid sequence shown in FIGS. 12(A-AY); or (j) the amino acid sequence shown in FIG.
 13. 